The Atom
Coulomb's Law states ___.
"like charges repel, unlike charges attract"
how many neutrons does hydrogen have?
0
mass of electron
0.000548 amu
how many electrons does hydrogen have?
1
how many protons does hydrogen have?
1
the atomic number of hydrogen =
1
the atomic weight of hydrogen =
1
hydrogen nuclear shorthand
1 H 1
the relative mass of a proton is ___.
1.007277 amu
the relative mass of a neutron is ___.
1.008665 amu
the mass of a proton is ___ times greater than an electron.
1836
how many electrons does helium have?
2
how many neutrons does helium have?
2
how many protons does helium have?
2
the atomic number of helium =
2
the distribution of electrons in an atom is called as electronic configuration. the formula _____ helps in the determination of the maximum number of electrons present in an orbit, here n= number of the energy shell.
2n^2
how many electrons does lithium have?
3
how many protons does lithium have?
3
the atomic number of lithium is ___.
3
how many neutrons does lithium have?
4
helium nuclear shorthand
4 He 2
the atomic weight of helium is
4.0026
the atomic weight of lithium is ___.
7
lithium nuclear shorthand
7 Li 3
general expression useful for representing a particular isotope is (nuclear shorthand):
A X Z
the electron was first noticed by ____.
Coulomb
the first shell in Bohr's Atomic Theory is designated by a ___.
K or 1
the second shell from the nucleus in Bohr's Atomic Theory is ___.
L or 2
the third shell in Bohr's Atomic Theory is designated ___.
M or 3
forth shell and so on through the alphabet to ___. (Bohr's Atomic Theory)
Q or the number 7
hydrogen is ___.
a colorless, odorless gas
___ is composed of two or more kinds of atoms.
a compound
electrons in an atom are grouped into shells each having ___.
a definite energy and a definite maximum number of electrons.
the nucleus contains ___.
all of the protons and neutrons
____ is composed of only one kind of atom.
an element
the number of protons within the nucleus determines the ___.
atom type
Z in nuclear shorthand=
atomic number
___ also known as proton number.
atomic number (Z)
______ are the basic building blocks of matter.
atoms
matter is composed of tiny particles called ____.
atoms
neutrino (v) and antineutrino (v) has a mass of ___.
basically 0
all carbon atoms have 6 protons and all atoms containing 6 protons are ___ atoms.
carbon
the nucleus is the ___ portion of the atom.
central
what prevents the electron from being attracted to the nucleus?
centrifugal force and binding energy
the electron configuration of each atom has a ___.
certain order
each element has an atomic number which is ___ and is synonymous with the chemical symbol.
characteristic of the element
___ cannot be separated from the proton.
charge
neutrons cannot be affected by ___.
charged particles
X in nuclear shorthand=
chemical symbol
neutrons remain ___.
constant
protons remain
constant
electrons are symbolized by
e- or β-
negatively charged particle
electron
orbit around the nucleus
electrons
the atom is made up if even smaller particles called...
electrons, protons, and neutrons
to maintain electrical neutrality, the number of orbiting electrons must ___ the number of protons within the nucleus.
equal
___ is the simplest of all atoms
hydrogen
the simplest atoms are ___.
hydrogen, helium, and lithium
nuclear shorthand is a shorthand system to ___.
identify every atom and every form of that atom
the nucleus is ___ to physical or chemical changes. changes can occur due to radiation.
impervious
A in nuclear shorthand=
mass number
____ is approximately equal to the atomic mass of the atom in atomic mass units (amu).
mass number (A)
lithium is a ___.
metal
neutrons are symbolized by ___.
n
since the electron is ___, it exhibits forces of attraction or repulsion to other charged particles.
negative
neutrino (v) and antineutrino (v) has ____ charge.
neutral
the atom as a whole is electrically ___.
neutral (same number of electrons and protons)
neutrons have ___ charge.
no electrical
the nucleus is referred to collectively as ___.
nucleons = positive charge
the number of neutrons within the nucleus varies with respect to the ___ that exist within the nucleus.
number of protons
helium is ___.
odorless, colorless gas
according to Bohr's Atomic theory formula the first shell can contain ___ electrons.
only 2
in Bohr's Atomic Theory each shell can contain ___.
only a certain number of electrons.
protons are symbolized by
p+
protons are ___ charged.
positively
the number of electrons is equal to the number of ___.
protons
are found in the nucleus
protons and neutrons
nucleus consists of various combinations of ___.
protons and neutrons
since atoms are electrically neutral, the number of electrons is the same as the number of ___.
protons within the nucleus.
neutrons cannot ___ charged particles.
repel or attract
chemical symbol (X)
represents the chemical symbol of the element and is used for brevity and convenience
neutrino (v) and antineutrino (v) is emitted during ___.
several methods of radioactive decay
_____ is the simplest unit into which an element can be divided and still retain the properties of the original element.
the atom
in referring to a specific element, the chemical symbol usually consists of ___.
the initial letter in the name of the element, or the initial letter followed by an appropriate second letter.
the neutron number (N) is equal to ____.
the mass number (A) minus the atomic number (Z)
the mass of the electron lends little to the total mass of the atom.
the mass of any atom is closely equal to the sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons.
___ makes up most of the mass of an atom.
the nucleus
neutrino (v) and antineutrino (v) is not a part of ___.
the nucleus but is the result of interactions within the nucleus.
neutron number (N)
the number of neutrons in the nucleus
atomic number (Z)
the number of protons or positive charges in the nucleus.
neutrino (v) and antineutrino (v) travels at ___.
the speed of light
mass number (A)
the total number of particles (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus
Theory Niels Bohr proposed in 1913 (AKA Bohr's Atomic Theory)
the well defined shells are referred to as quantum levels (or energy levels) since a definite minimum amount of energy is required to remove an electron from a particular shell. each shell is denoted by a number in order of decreasing binding energy or, more commonly, by a letter designation from K to Q.
the nucleus is ___.
very stable
