The Cardiovascular System

.If there is little or no pressure in the venous system, how does blood get back to the heart?

-Venoconstriction -Muscle pump -Respiratory Pump -Valves permit only one way blood flow

The capacity of the lungs is usually ___ to _______ liters and it contains over ______ million alveoli.

4-6 Liter ; 300 million capilaries

Define stroke volume.

Amount of blood pumped per beat

The ____system carries oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and organs while the ____ system carries carbon dioxide and waste materials away from the muscle and organs.

Arterial ; Venous

The ______ system is a high pressure system while the venous system is a ___ pressure system. Why?

Arterial; low Arterial has to pump blood from the heart throughout the whole body

When the left ventricle pumps blood out to the systemic circulation, the blood flows through large ____ to smaller ______ to _______ which is where the blood passes through the muscles and gas and nutrient exchange takes place. The blood then flows through _____ to ________ and back to the right atria.

Arteries; Arterioles, capillaries; venules ; veins

Blood flows through the heart from the right ___ to the right ____ to the ____ to the left ____ to the left ______ and out the aorta to the _____.

Atrium; Ventricle; lungs; atrium; ventricle; body

The upper chambers of the heart are called the ____. The lower chambers of the heart are called the ____.

Atrium; Ventricles

the purposes of the cardiovascular system are to: b.Remove ____ and other waster products from the muscles and organs.

Carbon dioxide

The heart consists of 4 ____. It is a __ which pumps blood. It has an ________ system which stimulates it to beat. The heart muscle receives it own blood supply through the _____ arteries.

Chambers; Muscle ; Electrical; Coronary

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

Circulatory system Respiratory System

13.No ___ exchange takes place in the arteries and they are _______ so they can expand and contract.

Gas; elastic

Define oxygen uptake.

How much oxygen we use to produce energy per minute

The primary purpose of the respiratory system is to bring ___ in from outside the body and to get rid of or exhale _____ ______.

Oxygen ; carbon dioxide

the purposes of the cardiovascular system are to: a.Deliver ___ and ___ to the muscles and organs

Oxygen;Carbon Dioxide

8.The sequence of electrical activity in the heart beat is that the ___ node fires and the electrical activity spreads through the ___ causing the ___ to contract. The electrical activity reach the __ node where it rests briefly, then it passess through the Bundle of His, the right and left bundle branches, and the purkinje fibers and to the remainder of the left and right ___ causing the left and right ___ to contract.

SA; Atrium; Atrium; AV; Ventricles; Ventricles

The right __ pumps blood to the __ circulation and the left ____ pumps blood to the ____ circulation.

Side; Pulmonary; Side; systemic

___ is the contraction phase of the heart and _____ is the relaxation phase of the heart.

Systole; Diastole

When blood is pumped out of the lower chambers to the lungs and the rest of the body, why doesn't the blood go back up into the atria?

The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves prevent backflow

Define cardiac output.

a.Q=HRxSV b.Total blood pumped per minute

The alveoli have a very large ___ supply.

cappilary

.As blood enters the lungs it has a high concentration of ______ and a low concentration of ____. As it leaves the lungs it has a high concentration of _____ and a low concentration of ________.

carbon dioxide; oxygen; oxygen; carbon dioxide

At rest, most capillaries to the muscles are ____, but during exercise most capillaries to the muscles are ____.

closed(Inactive); open(active)

30.The space in the chest cavity increases during inspiration because the ___ is lowered and the _____ are raised.

diaphragm; ribs

Systolic blood pressure is the __ pressure obtained during the ____ phase of the cardiac cycle while diastolic blood press is the __ ____ pressure obtained during the ___ phase of the cardiac cycle.

highest blood; contraction; lowest blood; relaxation

Stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output all ___ during exercise.

increase

.During gas exchange with the blood ___ diffuses from the alveoli to the blood and ___ diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

During gas exchange in the capillaries of muscle, ___ diffuses from the blood into the muscle and ____ diffuses from muscle into the blood.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

29.During inspiration or inhalation, air rushes into the lungs because the atmospheric air _____ is greater than the _____ inside the lungs.

pressure; pressure

The alveoli are elastic, _____, membranous sacs.

thin walled

Blood flows through the capillaries much slower than through the arteries. Capillaries are ____ and porous which allows gases, nutrients, and waste products to _____.

thin; transfer across(change places