THE CIVIL WAR
Battle of Fredericksburg Southern/Confederate Victory
Burnside attacks at Fredericksburg and loses 12,600 men. Burnside steps down from his position.
Andersonville Prison Southern/Confederate
This Southern prison was the worst in the war and lost an average of 150 prisoners per day. Prisoners suffered. Many were held with little food or shelter.
Northern Resources
1. Bigger population = more soldiers. 2. It had most of the nation's factories and shipyards. 3. It had more railroads to transport materials. 4. The Union was able to raise more money for the war.
Southern Resources
1. They had the best generals and leaders. 2. The South only had to defend itself until the North got tired. 3. The North had to keep long supply lines to the South. 4. Most of the fighting will be on Southern turf - home field advantage!
African American Soldiers
180,000 African Americans served with the Union army. The black soldiers received less pay, more dangerous assignments, and white officers. The Confederates would kill all black prisoners.
Northern Draft
1863, a draft is held to get soldiers. Wealthy people could buy their way out of service. Draft riots break out in New York City.
54TH Massachusetts Northern/Union Army
A famous black unit storms Fort Wagner. Not a man flinched in the face of the enemy!
Scott's Great Snake
A two-part strategy to destroy the South's economy with a naval blockade. He also wanted to control the Mississippi River. It would take time, but hopefully little blood.
Contraband
Escaped slaves join the Northern/Union Army.
Border States
Four slave states, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri bordered the North. Kentucky and Missouri control key parts of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Washington D.C. is located in Maryland. People are deeply divided. Kentucky and Missouri will have armies on both sides.
Wilderness Campaign No winner
General Grant forces General Lee to fight a series of battles. Grant has 100,000 soldiers versus 70,000 for Lee.
Pickett's Charge Southern/Confederate Attack
General Lee blunders by sending General George Pickett's soldiers to attack the middle of the Union line. PICKETT'S CHARGE is a complete disaster as 7,500 men are slaughtered.
Battle of Gettysburg Northern/Union victory
General Lee moves into Pennsylvania. 75,000 Confederates square off against 90,000 Union soldiers. The Union victory came at a high price: The Union lost 23,000 men, while the South lost 28,000. It is called the turning point of the war.
Appomattox Courthouse
General Lee signs the surrender papers to General Grant here.
Total War
General Sherman's plan included destroying both civilian and military resources. He ordered his men to destroy everything in their path!
Battle of Shiloh Northern/Union Victory!
Grant is caught by surprise, but counterattacks against the Confederates. Grant loses many soldiers, but wins. It was one of the first major battles of the war and the Union controlled the Mississippi.
William Tecumseh Sherman Northern/Union General
He drove his army through the South destroying Southern railroads and industries. Sherman takes the city of Atlanta and burns it to the ground.
Robert E. Lee Southern/Confederate General
He takes over the Army of Virginia. He turned down command of the Union forces. He was against slavery, but had a loyalty to Virginia.
Ironclads
Heavily armored ships
Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Southern/Confederate Victory
July 1861, Lincoln sends General McDowell with 35,000 troops toward Richmond. They were barely trained. 35,000 Confederates are prepared to meet McDowell. This is a loss for the North/Union.
Battle of Antietam A key Northern/Union victory.
Lee attacks North. A victory for the South would break the Union's spirit and convince Europe to help. 40,000 Confederates enter Maryland. The Union found a copy of the South's battle plan and counterattacks. In one day the Union suffers 12,000 casualties, the South 13,000. It is the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln calls for all slaves in the Confederate states to be freed.
John Pope Northern/Union General
Lincoln chooses Pope to lead the Northern Army. Lincoln sends him South to take Richmond.
General George Meade Northern/Union General
Lincoln fires General Meade after the victory at Gettysburg because he allowed General Lee to get away.
Ulysses S. Grant Northern/Union General
Lincoln needed winners and Grant was the man. He had great concentration and the ability to fight.
Ambrose Burnside Northern/Union General
Lincoln replaces McClellan with AMBROSE BURNSIDE. He heads for Richmond with 120,000 troops.
Joseph Hooker Northern/Union General
Lincoln selects JOSEPH HOOKER to lead the Army of the Potomac.
West Virginia
Lincoln sends soldiers into Western Virginia to help people loyal to the Union and West Virginia is created in 1863.
George McClellan Northern/Union General
Lincoln's new general. He likes to prepare instead of fight.
Copperheads
Northern Democrats who sympathize with the South and oppose abolition. Lincoln sees them as a threat and jails many without any evidence or a trial.
Second Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Southern/Confederate Victory
Pope attacks but Jackson forces the Union to retreat after three days of vicious fighting. The North/Union is pushed out of Virginia.
Gettysburg Address
President Lincoln gave a moving speech emphasizing the need for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We must fight to keep these values!
Richmond, VA
Richmond becomes the Confederate capital.
Winfield Scott Northern/Union General
Scott is in charge of the Northern Army even though he is an old man by now. He was the best we had!
Elizabeth Blackwell
She was the first woman to earn a medical license and organized volunteers to send bandages, medicine, and food to Union soldiers.
Blockade Runners
Small, fast ships used to outrun the Union blockade.
"Stonewall" Jackson Southern/Confederate General
The Confederate general holds his ground. He never runs away!
"rebel yell"
The Confederate's yell in battle scares the Northern soldiers.
Battle of Vicksburg Northern/Union victory!
The Confederates control the high ground with heavy guns. Grant surrounds the city and starves them for six weeks. Supplies ran out and people survived by eating horses, dogs, and rats. The Confederates surrender.
Seven Days' Battles Southern/Confederate Victory
The North and South fight five battles in one week. The South suffers more than 20,000 casualties, the Union 16,000. The North retreats, Richmond is saved. Northern/Union loss!
Army of the Potomac
The North assembles 100,000 soldiers called the Army of the Potomac.
blockade
The North/Union blockaded the South, cutting off trade. The North used ships to surround the Atlantic Coast. The number of ships entering southern ports dropped from 6,000 to 800 per year.
Election of 1864
The Northern Democrats nominate former general George McClellan. They called for an immediate end to the war. Lincoln wins easily and the war continues.
Cotton Diplomacy
The South tries to win support from England by offering cotton to them. Unfortunately, England had a large stockpile before the war and could buy it elsewhere.
Battle of Chancellorsville Southern/Confederate Victory
The Union army is almost cut in two by the Confederates. Hooker and the Union army retreats. General "Stonewall" Jackson is wounded. Jackson loses his left arm and dies three days later.
MONITOR VS. THE VIRGINIA Monitor: Northern/Union Virginia: Southern/Confederate
The ironclads battle for hours, but it ends in a draw. The Virginia leaves, but never fights again. The Monitor sinks in a storm after the battle.
"Take Richmond!"
This was Lincoln's order to every one of his generals. Richmond is the capital of the Confederate States.
Fort Sumter Southern/Confederate Victory
U.S. fort that controlled the entrance to Charleston, SC. The Union soldiers inside refused to surrender. April 12, 1861, Confederate guns open up on the fort. The defenders lasted 34 hours before surrendering.
David Farragut Northern/Union Admiral
US Navy officer orders his ships to sail up the Mississippi. His 18 ships are covered in mud to hide them at night. He captures New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Natchez, MS. Northern/Union victories!
Battle of Pea Ridge Northern/Union victory
Union forces meet pro-Confederate Missourians in Arkansas.