The Components of Fitness

Skill or performance related fitness

involves skills that will enhance one's performance in athletic or sports events.

isometric exercise

Exercise in which muscles contract but very little body movement occurs.

isokinetic exercise

Exercise performed with machines that ensure muscles contract at a constant rate.

isotonic exercise

Exercise that involves contracting and relaxing muscles through the full range of their joint's motion.

physical activity

Any movement that requires large muscle groups to work.

Body Composition

Body composition is the amount of fat tissue in your body compared to the amount of lean tissue, such as muscles and bones. • Having too much, or too little, body fat can lead to health problems.

endorphins

Chemicals that block pain messages from reaching brain cells and produce feelings of pleasure.

physical fitness

Having the energy and strength to participate in a variety of activities.

Agility

The ability to change and control the direction and position of the body while maintaining a constant, rapid motion. For example, changing directions to hit a tennis ball.

Balence

The ability to control or stabilize the body when a person is standing still or moving. For example, in-line skating.

Power

The ability to move the body parts swiftly while applying the maximum force of the muscles. Power is a combination of both speed and muscular strength. For example, fullbacks in football muscling their way through other players and speeding to advance the ball and volleyball players getting up to the net and lifting their bodies high into the air.

Speed

The ability to move your body or parts of your body swiftly. Many sports rely on speed to gain advantage over your opponents. For example, a basketball player making a fast break to perform a lay-up, a tennis player moving forward to get to a drop shot, a football player out running the defense to receive a pass.

Reaction Time

The ability to reach or respond quickly to what you hear, see, or feel. For example, an athlete quickly coming off the blocks early in a swimming or track relay, or stealing a base in baseball.

Coordination

The ability to use the senses together with body parts during movement. For example, dribbling a basketball. Using hands and eyes together is called hand-eye coordination.

energy cost

The amount of energy needed to perform different physical activities or exercise.

Five components of fitness

cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition

Health-related fitness

fitness qualities that are necessary to maintain and promote a healthy body/involves skills that enable one to become and stay physically healthy.

Physical fitness

means that you have the energy and strength to participate in a variety of activities.

cardiorespiratory endurance

means that your heart, blood vessels, and lungs are able to distribute nutrients and oxygen and remove wastes efficiently during prolonged exercise. • As the heart muscles become stronger, more blood is pumped with each beat. • The lungs become more efficient at delivering oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.

Anaerobic Exercise

• Intense physical activity that lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes is called anaerobic exercise. • Most anaerobic exercises develop muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility.

Muscular Endurance

• Muscular endurance is the ability of your muscles to work for an extended time. • Developing muscular endurance requires repeated actions over an extended period of time.

Aerobic Exercise

• Ongoing physical activity that raises your breathing rate and heart rate • increase the amount of oxygen that your body takes in and uses.

Physical Activity

• Physical activities can be classified as aerobic exercise or anaerobic exercise. • Strengthening and endurance activities can be further classified as isometric exercise, isotonic exercise, or isokinetic exercise.

Flexibility

• The ability to move a joint through its entire range of motion is called flexibility. Flexibility • This means that you can bend, stretch, and twist your body easily. • Stretching exercises, if done correctly, can increase flexibility and may reduce the risk of injury during exercise.

Muscular Strength

• The capacity of a muscle or a group of muscles to produce force is called muscular strength. • The amount of weight you can lift is one measure of your muscular strength.