The Crusades
Which Kings led Crusaders
All three of the Kings
What happened to the people on the ninth Crusade?
All were bought into slavery, likely by Muslim Slave Traders
Who were the three Kings involved in the the third Crusade?
Frederick Barbarossa, Phillip Agustus, and Richard the Lion Heart
Who was the main Christian Crusader in the sixth Crusade?
Frederick II
Why do the Muslims let the Crusaders go in peace?
The Crusaders agree to give back Damietta
The first Crusade was the only Crusade where what happened?
The Holy Lands and Jerusalem were captured by the Christians
What word does Crusade come from?
The Latin word Crux, meaning Cross
What was the first Crusade called?
The People's Crusade
When was the fifth Crusade
1217-1221 AD
When was the sixth crusade?
1228-1229 AD
When was the seventh Crusade?
1248-1250 AD
When was the eighth Crusade?
1270-1271 AD
What happened to the boats?
2 sank in a storm 5 arrived in Algiers, North Africa
How many Crusader States were created around the Holy Land?
4
How many major consequences are there?
4
When was the Medieval times?
500-1500 AD
About how many Crusaders were there total in the third Crusade?
60,000 Crusaders
How did Stephen and his group of children get across the Mediterranean Sea?
7 merchant ships offered to give them a ride across
Economics wise, what did the Crusades need?
A lot of money
What did Stephen get from God?
A message or vision that he should lead a Crusade to the Holy Land
What is feudalism?
A political and economic structure of power
What is a relic?
A precious and important object
What was Deus Vult used as?
A rallying cry of the Crusaders
What was the "True Cross"?
A relic, that was supposedly an actual piece of the Cross on which Jesus was Crucified
What was Egypt to the Muslims?
A supply base
Where was Stephen from?
Cloyes, France
What was the fourth Crusade called?
Constantinople Crusade
What city in Egypt do the Christian Crusaders take?
Damietta
What does Renaissance mean?
Rebirth
What does Barbarossa mean?
Red Beard
After Frederick Barbarossa died, what did most of his Crusaders do?
Return to Germany
Who won most of the battles between Richard and Saladin?
Richard
Who did Richard face in many battles?
Saladin
What was the second Crusade called?
Saladin's Crusade
When was the ninth Crusade?
1212 AD
What followed the sixth Crusade
10 years of peace
When were the Crusades?
1091-1295 AD
When was the first Crusade?
1095-1098 AD
When was the second Crusade?
1147-1187 AD
When was the third Crusade?
1189-1192 AD
When was the fourth Crusade?
1201-1204 AD
Which other group followed what Stephen did?
A German group led by Nicholas from Cologne, Germany
Where do the Crusaders go after taking one of the Egyptian cities?
Cairo
Economics wise, what is the end of the Crusades the beginning of?
Capitalism
What was the ninth Crusade called?
Children's Crusade
What was the fifth Crusade called?
Egyptian Crusade
Where was Richard the Lion Heart from?
England
What stops the Crusaders from taking Cairo?
Floods from the Nile and Muslim armies
Where was Phillip Agustus from?
France
Where was Frederick Barbarossa from?
Germany
What was Stephen suppose to do?
Go peacefully to the Muslims and retrieve the "True Cross"
What does Deus Vult mean?
God's will or God wills it
Why does Richard return to England?
He doesn't defeat Saladin in enough battles, and his army is greatly weakened
Who was Peter the Hermit?
He took care of the commoners; leader of the first Crusade
Who was Saladin?
He was the Islamic leader who defeated the Christians and took back the Holy Lands for Islam
How did Frederick Barbarossa die?
He went into a river to bathe and relax on the way to a battle, and drowned when the tide swept him away
After the third Crusade, who owns the Holy Lands?
Islam and Saladin
How is economics changed?
It changes how people buy, sell, trade and get products
What happened to the Mediterranean Sea?
It did not part like the Red Sea
Did the Roman Catholic Church collapse?
It didn't collapse, but cracks started to form in the structure
Why does the fourth Crusade never reach the Holy Lands?
It is completely hijacked by people who just want money, wealth and land
Why is that era called Medieval?
It is in the middle of the time period between Ancient and Modern
What does Stephen say will happen when they get to the Mediterranean Sea?
It will part like the Red Sea
What was the third Crusade called?
King's Crusade
How was the Roman Catholic Church weakened?
Lack/loss of trust
What was the seventh and eighth Crusades called?
Louis IX Crusade
What happened during the eighth Crusade?
Louis IX died halfway to the battle
What are crusades 1-4 called?
Major Crusades
Why was it called the People's Crusade?
Many peasants, women and children went on the Crusade
How did an age of adventure start?
Many people traveled many miles and experienced new things, which they wanted
Where did Stephen take the children?
Marseilles, France
Who funds most of the Crusades?
Merchants from Venice, Italy
What does Medieval mean?
Middle
What are Crusades 5-8 called?
Minor Crusades
Who has Cairo and Damietta at the end of the fifth Crusade?
Muslims still own the cities
How did the Roman Catholic Church lose trust?
People didn't get what they were promised after the Crusade and Crusaders didn't think the Crusades were extremely helpful
What verse did Stephen use out of context?
Psalm 8:2 - Out of the mouths of babes and children you have ordained strength because of your enemies.
What happened to the group from Germany?
Some returned to Germany and others settled in Italy or other locations
Who was a leader of the ninth Crusade?
Stephen
What was the age of adventure and renewal called?
The Age of Discovery
What was the conditions of the 10 year peace treaty?
The Christians could come and go peacefully from the Holy Land, but Islam stilled owned the Holy Lands
What happened during the seventh Crusade?
The Crusaders never got a chance to fight
Which of the Crusades never reaches the Holy Land?
The fourth Crusade
What happens between Phillip and Richard?
They have many disagreements, and Phillip ends up abandoning Richard and returning to France
What was Frederick's main goal in his Crusade?
To create a peace treaty with the Muslims
What was Psalm 8:2 used for?
To justify Stephen's decision that CHILDREN should be the ones on the Crusade
What was the sixth Crusade called?
Truce Crusade or Peace Crusade
What is the last Crusade called?
Unique/Different Crusade
What are the major consequences?
Weakened the economic and political structure of Europe and created the rise of nation states; Lead to an increase in wealth, banking and a free market system of economics; Leads to a weakening and eventual decline of the power, respect for and authority of the Roman Catholic Church; Gives rise to a spirit of adventure and renewal
How is the fourth Crusade hijacked?
When the merchants threaten to pull their resources from the Crusade, the Crusaders try to convince them not to. The merchants agree, as long as the Crusaders help them by sacking Constantinople. The Crusaders forget about the Crusade and sack Constantinople for the merchants and Venice. Constantinople is greatly weakened by the attack.