The Enlightment and its Impact

What religious revival was happening in the American colonies at this time?

The Great awakening

Smith said the government had only three legitimate functions:

1. Protecting society from invasion (Army) 2. Defending citizens from injustice (Police) 3. Maintaining public works like roads and canals that private individuals could not afford.

Montesquieu's ideas influenced the AMerican framers of the ____________.

Constitution

Who believed that the world is like a clock that God created and set according to his natural laws, and then let run without his intervention?

Deists

In his novel Emile, Rousseau argued that _____________ should nurture, not restrict, children's natural instincts. Unlike many Enlightenment thinkers, he believed that emotions, as well as reason, were important to ___________ development. Critics have accused Rousseau of not practicing what he preached. His children were sent to dangerous orphanages, and he believed that ______________ were naturally subservient to men.

Education; human; women

The greatest figure of the Enlightenment was a prolific writer___________.

Francois-Marie Arouet, known simply as Voltaire.

What type of government did Charles-Louis de Secondat have?

He identified three kinds of government: republics, despotism, and monarchies. He argued that government functioned through a sepration of powers controlled by checks and balances. This structure gives the greatest freedom and security for the state.

What did Voltaire do? What was he known for?

He wrote pamhlets, plays, novels, letters, essays, and histories. Voltaire was best known for his criticism of Christianity and his belief in religious toleration. He championed deism, and 18th Century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law.

What was Denis Diderot's most important contribution to the Enlightenment?

It was the Enclopedia, or classified Dictionary of the science, Arts, and Trades.

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the most famous philosophes. In his Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind, he argued that people formed governments and laws to protect their private property, but the government relationship enslaved them.

He beileved people were born with a mind that is a tabula rasa, or blank slate, and that knowledge comes through the five senses.

Jonh Locke

Where and when was the first newspaper printed? Where did it spread?

London in 1702; Salons

What have magazines and newspapers done historically for the spread of ideas and knowledge?

Magazines and newspaper spread ideas throughout society. They were disseminated move and were very affordable. Ideas and knowledge spread to the lower classes.

Many titles were aimed at new, _____________ reading public, which included women and urban ___________

Middle class; artisans

Who were the three greatest French philosophes ?

Montestquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot

The philosophe Cesare Beccaria argued in his essay On Crimes and Punishments ____________________

That punishment should not be exercised in brutality. He also argued against capital punishment, finding it absurd because the state murders to punish a murderer.

What did the Encyclopedia spread ideas of?

The Enlightenment

Who was Adam Smith?What did he do?

The French Physiocrats and Scottish philosopher, he founded modern economics

What contemporary approach to punishing criminals have its roots in the Enlightenment social reform movement?

The approach that emphasizes rehabilitation based on the beliefs that people can change and progress

What did physiocrats believe? What did they do?

They believed that if people were to pursue their economic self-interests, all society would benefit. They developed the doctrine of laissez-faire( "to let{people} do [what they want]") which argued that government should not interfere with the natural economic processes by imposing regulations

Who was the foremost Deist among the influential leaders in early U.S History?

Thomas Jefferson, He went as far as to write a deist Bible, which he took he took out all parts that did not conform to deison.

In A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Wollenstonecraft identified 2 problems with beliefs of many Enlightenment thinkers. The 2 problems were:

Those who argued men should rule women also argued against the government based on the arbitrary power of the kings. Power of men over women was equally wrong. She also argued that because women are rational beings, they should have the same rights as men- in educational, economic, and political life.

The ideas of the philosophes influenced the entire________. To them ideas were change the world by the rational criticism of beliefs in all areas , including __________ and __________.

Western World; religion; politics

Methodism

a religious movement by John Wesley

The Enlightenment was...

an 18th-century philosophical movement built off the achievement of the scientific revoultion.

Jonh Wesley

had a mystical experience in which " the gift of God's Grace" assured him of salvation. He became a missionary to bring the "glad tidings" of salvation

Mary Wollstonecraft

is considered to be the founder of the European and American movement for women's rights. She argued that women were as rational as men and as capable of being responsible for free citizens.

How did Jonh Locke's theory of knowledge impact enlightenment thinkers?

it greatly influenced

The Enlightenment intellectuals were called by the french name....

philosophe or philosopher

The Enlightenment philosophers talked about ....

reason, natural, law, hope and progress

the Enlightenment philosophical hoped to make a better society by applying the ___________________ and reason to social problems.

scientific method

The Enlightment's belief that the methods of the Scientific Revolution and Newton could discover the natural laws of society led to the creation of what we call ___________

social sciences such as economic and political science

Who was Charles-Louis de Secondat?

the Baron de Montesquieu studied governments to find the natural laws governing social and political relationships. He published his ideas The Spirit of the laws.

What did Denis Diderot's edited 28-volume collection of knowledge, published in 1751?

to "change the general way of thinking."

What were most philosophe or philosopher?

writers, professors, economists, journalists, and social reformers