The Enlightment

what was the name of the book hobbes wrote?

the leviathan

who embraced the enlightenment?

the monarchs; called the enlightened despots

what was the name of the book montesquieu wrote?

the spirit of laws

salon

a social gathering thrown by women and attended by all (men and women); basically a party

what was hobbes's view?

advocate for absolute monarchy; once contract is signed, it's set in stone no matter how the king rules; believed people are naturally evil and absolute power is needed to control people; people give up rights in exchange for protection

joseph II- austria

advocates religious freedom; abolishes serfism

legacy of the enlightenment

belief that things can get better; philosophes wanted to make things better; scientific revolution inspired philosophes to make the world a better place; things became very secular and more focused on the importance of individuals

voltaire

believed in the power of the pen; loved writing in satire; was arrested twice for his writings

what was locke's view?

believed people will naturally self-govern and create a system of government; social contract should not be absolute, can be revisited; people should overthrow king if not treated fairly; government should protect the people's rights

montesquieu

believed the british government system is great; loved the idea of checks and balances and separation of power

how did the church feel about diderf's book? how does diderof react?

church hates it and bans the books; diderof is glad because the banned poster gives his books good publicity

mary wollstonecraft

faught for womens' rights; spread her ideas through a salon bc it was hard for a woman to publish a book

beccaria

fights capital punishment; hated cruel and unusual punishments and death penalties; felt government should do the greatest good for the greatest number of people

fredrick the great- prussia

freedom of religion; freedom of speech; emphasis on education and schools; no torture

what were the four main rights being fought for?

freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from capital punishment, and women's rights

what did voltaire fight for?

freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and tolerance and reason

philosphoes

french philosophers; like the idea of reason and logic; social critics; believe in progress

what were the three natural rights locke believed the government should protect?

life; liberty; property

what was diderof's project?

one book with all of the philosphes' ideas; called an encylopedia; he publishes it

what did locke believe the people should do if their rights were not protected

overthrow the government/king

social contract

right to rule comes from citizens not from god; absolute monarchy; not a physical contract, it's an idea

abolishment of serfs

serfs must be paid to be kept

why did catherine the great take away her people's rights?

they began wanted more and became ungrateful; uprisings started and the people were being immature; she took away their rights and the new reforms and went back to the way things were

who were the two views of government based on?

thomas hobbes and john locke

catherine the great- russia

tried to be an enlightened despot; freedom of religion, freedom from serfdom, freedom from torture

rousseau

wanted a local government and not one big one; believed in the social contract; likes individual freedom

denis diderof

went to salons and pitched his ideas for money to support his ongoing project