The Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1 Practice Test (The Human Body: An Orientation)

If you wish to make a drawing of a section through the human body that showed the heart and both of the lungs, your section could be in which of the following planes? (1) Frontal (coronal); (2) Transverse; (3) Sagittal 1 only. 2 only. 3 only. 1 and 2. 2 and 3.

1 and 2.

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: (1) Molecules; (2) Atoms; (3) Tissues; (4) Cells; (5) Organ 1-2-3-4-5. 2-1-4-3-5. 2-1-3-4-5. 1-2-4-3-5. 5-4-3-2-1.

2-1-4-3-5. This places the structures in the correct sequence from simplest to most complex.

Which of the following best illustrates the increasing levels of complexity? (1) Cells; (2) Organs; (3) Organelles; (4) Organism; (5) Tissues; (6) Organ systems 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6. 4, 3, 5, 6, 1, 2. 3, 1, 5, 2, 6, 4. 1, 5, 3, 2, 6, 4.

3, 1, 5, 2, 6, 4.

Which of the following is NOT true of a sagittal plane? A sagittal section is a cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body dividing the body into right and left parts. A sagittal section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. A midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left parts. A median plane is another name for a midsagittal plane. Both the sagittal and coronal planes represent a cut made along a lengthwise plane.

A sagittal section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. A coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

When the body is subject to physical trauma, such as in an automobile accident, which organs are the most vulnerable to injury (homeostatic imbalance)? Abdominal organs in the abdominal cavity. Pelvic organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. Heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity. The brain in the cranial cavity. The spinal cord within the spinal cavity.

Abdominal organs in the abdominal cavity.

Which of the following statements regarding responsiveness, or irritability, is FALSE? Responsiveness, or irritability, is a necessary life function. All body cells are irritable to some extent. Because nerve cells are slightly irritable and communicate rapidly with each other via hormones, the nervous system bears the major responsibility for responsiveness. You do not need to think about responsiveness, such as involuntarily pulling your hand away from a painful stimulus. None of the statements is false.

Because nerve cells are slightly irritable and communicate rapidly with each other via hormones, the nervous system bears the major responsibility for responsiveness.

Which of the following statements regarding feedback mechanisms is/are FALSE? Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus and to push the variable farther from its original value. In negative feedback mechanisms, the net effect of the responses to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity. Positive feedback mechanisms control infrequent events that occur "explosively." Blood clotting is an example of a typical negative feedback mechanism.

Blood clotting is an example of a typical negative feedback mechanism.

Which of the following is NOT true of the skeletal system? The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints. Bones are not necessary for efficient movement. The skeletal system has a protective function. Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) occurs within the cavities of the skeleton. The hard substance of bones acts as a storehouse for minerals.

Bones are not necessary for efficient movement. The skeletal system supports the body and provides a framework that the skeletal muscles can use to cause movement.

Which of these is found in the dorsal body cavity? Liver. Brain. Kidneys. Heart. Lungs.

Brain. The brain and spinal column are both found in the dorsal cavity.

Which body system is most closely associated with transport and delivery? Cardiovascular. Integumentary. Nervous. Reproductive. Respiratory.

Cardiovascular.

Which body system is most closely associated with the slow (long term) control of bodily activities? Endocrine. Integumentary. Lymphatic. Nervous. Reproductive.

Endocrine.

Which body system is most closely associated with information assessment? Endocrine. Integumentary. Lymphatic. Nervous. Reproductive.

Nervous.

Which of the following is NOT an anterior body landmark? Coxal. Crural. Buccal. Olecranal. Acromial.

Olecranal.

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: Body erect. Palms turned posteriorly. Arms at sides. Thumbs pointed laterally. Feet parallel.

Palms turned posteriorly. This DOES NOT characterize the anatomical position: palms should be facing forward.

Which term is defined as being close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk? Superior, cranial, or cephalad. Intermediate. Distal. Proximal. Superficial.

Proximal.

Which body system is most closely associated with the production of offspring? Endocrine. Integumentary. Lymphatic. Nervous. Reproductive.

Reproductive.

Which body system is most closely associated with the support and protection of the body organs? Endocrine. Integumentary. Lymphatic. Nervous. Skeletal.

Skeletal.

Which of the following statements regarding homeostatic control mechanisms is/are true? The effector is usually a type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment. Information in homeostatic control mechanisms flows from the receptor to the control center via the efferent pathway. The control center determines the set point at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives, and then determines the appropriate response or course of action. Information flows from the control center to the effector along the afferent pathway. A and B.

The control center determines the set point at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives, and then determines the appropriate response or course of action.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Tissues consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function. Atoms are the building blocks of matter, and combine to form molecules. The digestive system, reproductive system, and endocrine system are examples of organs. An organ is made up of two or more tissue types. Organ systems make up the living body or the organism.

The digestive system, reproductive system, and endocrine system are examples of organs.

Growth, reproduction, and food use at the cellular level are partially controlled by hormones released by organs from which of the following systems that also act(s) relatively slowly? The digestive system. The reproductive system. The endocrine system. The nervous system. A and B.

The endocrine system.

Which system complements the circulatory system and involves the spleen? The urinary system. The lymphatic system. The digestive system. The endocrine system. The reproductive system.

The lymphatic system. The lymphatic system complements the circulatory system by returning blood back to the blood vessels, and consists of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymphoid organs such as the spleen and tonsils.

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function? Maintaining boundaries. Movement. Thinking. Responsiveness. Reproduction.

Thinking.

Metabolism is: a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. a term that refers to the chemical reactions where larger structures are made from smaller ones (synthesis). the term that refers only to the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all body cells. a term that refers to the chemical reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.

a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body.

The term medial is a direction toward or at the midline of the body. a term referring to a direction away from the midline of the body. refers to a direction farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body part. a term referring to the front of the body. a term referring to the superior (cranial or cephalad) direction.

a direction toward or at the midline of the body.

The scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure and shape is called: anatomy. embryology. endocrinology. histology. physiology.

anatomy.

The axillary region is in the: back of the knee. mouth. armpit. shoulder. knee.

armpit.

The anatomical term meaning farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is: distal. inferior. lateral. medial. anterior.

distal.

The _______ is the body's slow-acting control system and acts by means of _______. endocrine system; hormones muscular system; contraction nervous system; hormones lymphatic system; lymphocytes and macrophages nervous system; electrical and chemical signals

endocrine system; hormones

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as: equilibrium. homeostasis. metabolism. negative feedback. positive feedback.

homeostasis. This refers to maintaining a relatively stable internal environment even though the outside world is continuously changing.

The right and left _______ regions flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs. epigastric hypochondriac iliac lumbar hypogastric

hypochondriac They are just above the lumbar regions.

The anatomical term meaning toward the lower part of a structure is distal. inferior. lateral. medial. anterior.

inferior. This means toward the lower part of the body or structure.

The thoracic body cavity: is made up of the cranial and spinal cavities. is made up of two subcavities. is the superior cavity in the ventral cavity. is the dorsal cavity. is posterior to the dorsal body cavity.

is the superior cavity in the ventral cavity.

The cheeks are ____ to the tongue. proximal lateral medial inferior dorsal

lateral

The anatomical term meaning away from the midline is distal. inferior. lateral. medial. proximal.

lateral.

The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body is distal. inferior. lateral. medial. anterior.

medial.

A group of tissues working together for a specific function form a(n): organ. organism. positive feedback system. organ system. organelle.

organ.

The anatomical term meaning close to the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is: distal. inferior. lateral. medial. proximal.

proximal.

A transverse plane divides the body into _______ segments. equal right and left right and left anterior and posterior superior and inferior both right and left and anterior and posterior segments

superior and inferior

Anatomical position is: a term used by artists referring to facing front and posing. unimportant as a term of reference. the position in which the body is erect, facing front with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward. the position in which the body is lying prone (face down) with feet parallel and arms by the sides. the position in which the body is erect, facing forward with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing backward.

the position in which the body is erect, facing front with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward.

A group of cells of the same type form a(n): organ. organism. atom. tissue. organ system.

tissue.