The Expanding Universe

Hubble measured the velocity of the movement of galaxies by using...

The Doppler Effect

What is Empty Space made up from?

Dark Energy and Dark Matter

Formation of the Solar System in order

1. A solar nebula forms. 2. Gravity pulls the solar nebula upon itself. 3. The solar nebula spins faster and faster. 4. The solar nebula flattens into a disk. 5. Gas becomes hot and dense and forms a star.

Why is Jupiter so much larger than Earth? Check all that apply.

1. Inner planets were created at higher velocities. 2. Outer planets attracted helium, hydrogen, and other gasses. 3. Gases escaped from inner planets and not from outer ones.

Which statements explain current theories about dark energy and dark matter? Check all that apply.

1. Space that appears empty actually contains dark energy and dark matter. 2. Dark matter does not emit electromagnetic radiation. 3. Scientists theorize that dark energy is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.

Which statements identify what astronomers currently know and think will happen with our universe? Check all that apply.

1. The big bang produced dark energy, which accounts for some of the energy needed to expand the universe. 2. The vastness of space may contain a type of matter known as "dark matter." 3. The universe is currently expanding at an accelerating rate.

Which statements describe the outer planets? Check all that apply.

1. The outer planets are also called gas giants. 2. The outer planets have a high gravity due to their large size. 3. The outer planets formed where temperatures were cooler.

Which statement describes the outer planets?

1. The outer planets are called Gas Giants. 2. The outer planets have a high due to their large size 3. The outer planets formed where temperatures were cooler

What factors do astronomers use to calculate the age of the universe?

1. The patterns of background radiation. 2.how fast distant galaxies are moving away from us. 3.The age of the oldest stars.

Which statements describe the principles of the big bang theory? Check all that apply.

1. The universe is continuing to expand. 2. A massive explosion caused matter and energy to expand and form the universe. 3. The universe is slowly collapsing and getting smaller.

Which of Hubble's findings supported the big bang theory? Check all that apply.

1. There are billions of galaxies in the universe, not just one. 2. The universe formed from a central point. 3. Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from Earth.

The Gas Giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

1. They formed farther away from the sun, where temperatures were cooler. 2. They grew larger, increasing their gravity. 3. This allowed them to capture hydrogen and helium, creating a thick atmosphere. 4. Farther out, a huge disk of ice and other debris formed, creating Pluto, comets, and other bodies.

Imagine you are an astronomer who recently discovered a new planet orbiting a distant star. Which set of characteristics would you use to classify this planet as an inner or terrestrial planet? Check all that apply.

1. dense and solid 2. located near a star

How much Visible Matter makes up the Universe?

5%

Doppler Effect

A change in wavelength of a wave due to the source and observer moving closer or farther apart.

Planetesimals

A small planet-like object that can combine with others to form planets.

Which event led to the formation of our solar system?

A solar nebula collapsed.

Big Bang

A theory, first articulated in the 1920's, proposing that the Universe started out extremely hot and dense and gradually cooled off as it expanded. According to the theory the massive explosion from which the universe occurred about 13.7 billion years ago

Dark Energy

A type of energy that opposes gravity and causes the expansion of the universe.

Dark Matter

A type of matter that fills space and is undetectable at the moment.

Hubble's law states that galaxies located farthest from the center of the universe..................................... than those closest to the center.

Are Moving Faster

Which planet formed near the Sun where the solar system's temperatures were very high?

Mars

Which statement accurately describes the origin and expansion of the universe?

Cosmic background radiation is leftover thermal energy from the big bang.

In 1998, scientists discovered that the expansion of the universe has been accelerating. What force is causing this phenomena?

Dark Energy

Which discovery by astronomer Vera Rubin helped prove the existence of dark matter?

Galaxies spin faster than they should, based on their visible matter.

What is the universe made of?

Matter and Energy

After our solar system began to form, dust and gas combined into small bodies that formed the planets. What are these small bodies called?

Planetesimals

Solar System Properties in Proper Order

Solar nebula, the sun, planetesimals, inner planets, outer planets

What would most likely cause the future acceleration of the expansion of the universe?

The continued existence of dark energy

There is a theory that gravity could pull galaxies back together, causing a reverse Big Bang. Which observation makes this theory less likely than the idea that the universe may continue to expand?

The expansion of the universe is accelerating.

Solar Nebula

The portion of a nebula that remains after the formation of a protostar.

Formation of the Solar System

The solar nebula spun faster and faster as it compressed. 1. It flattened into a rotating disk, with most of the gas pulled towards the center. 2. This gas became hot and dense and the Sun was born. 3. About 98% of the matter of the solar system is in the sun.

Which hypothesis is most supported by astronomers?

The universe is currently expanding and will continue to expand.

What do Galaxies contain?

single stars, star systems, and clusters, gas, and dust