"the history of the dividing line"

Genesis and World Differences:

1) Genesis: a. Cain and Abel b. Man meditation dust c. God made animals 2) World a. Twins b. Man came from clay c. Twins made animals

Genesis and World Similarities:

1) tree in the center 2) creation myth 3) man and woman tempted 4) void; in the beginning

How did colonial newspaper content change after the American Revolution? Why?

After the American Revolution, American writers tried to inspire ideas for America's freedom and started writing against government. This was the first time people could talk out against their government thanks to the 1st Amendment.

Around approximately 1400, what forces prompted Europeans to start exploring the rest of the world?

The growth of trade between Europe and Asia, and advances in navigation in shipbuilding prompted Europeans to start exploring the rest of the world.

Which tribe is responsible for the telling of The Sky Tree?

Iroquois

Which tribe wrote this version of World on a Turtle's back?

Iroquois

Explain some of the religious beliefs of the Native Americans.

Native Americans believed animals, plants, and nature were all part of a cycle of life. They planned their religious ceremonies around this cycle. Also through their dreams and visions, they sought contact with spirits believed to inhabit all living things.

* How did the religious beliefs of the Native Americans contrast with European settlement? What was the result of this conflict?

Native Americans did not believe in the ownership of land, which was the whole point of the European settlement. This usually ended up with the Natives signing a treaty they did not understand and the Europeans would eventually take the land. Ended in conflict

* How did the social and cultural organization of the Native Americans in Mexico and Central America differ from that of the North American natives?

Native Americans in Mexico and Central America created more complex societies and larger cities than those of the North American natives. The North American Natives were more nomadic and lived a more simple life.

How does the opening paragraph of WOTB compare to Genesis?

Start with "in the beginning"; have a man and a woman; there was a void;they created animals; have a Sky-World that's like the Garden of Eden because there's a tree that was not supposed to be touched but did anyway

Lines 5-6: "In their stomachs" in SOBW

Stories give us sustenance

What does the First Amendment state?

The First Amendment protects our freedom of religion and speech, preventing the government establishing one and only religion to conform to.

What did the European explorers do for the first time in history?

They brought Europe together

How did the Native Americans feel about the earth?

To the Native Americans, the earth and everything that inhabits it were sacred.

*Explain how the story Coyote and the Buffalo is a trickster tale

Trickster tale- folktale about an animal or a person who engages in violence (fight between buffaloes; cow gets killed), trickery (taunting of the bones), or magic (buffalo and cow come back to life; trees pop up magically) b. Teaches family obligation (buffalo's heard is tolen from him and is willing to get it back; wiling to kill to get his wife back) c. Social value d violence (killing whale) trickery, (dress up like land people) magic, (from whale to man)

commodity

a product or economic good; and article of trade

22. What is the dance?

a. A way of praying

2. Describe the experience of the Africans.

a. African men, women, and children were packed onto slave ships and sailed to Virginia. The voyage itself included its own horrors but those horrors didn't end when the boat reached America. The slaves had to try and survive the brutal living conditions the land owners had in store for them

1. What is an archetype?

a. An archetype is a symbol, story pattern, o character type that is founds in the literature of many cultures.

6. What is a totem?

a. Animals or other natural jobs that maintain the balance of the natural world.

10. How did Bradford view writing?

a. As a practical tool

9. How did the Puritans plainness and piety show in their writing?

a. By employing straightforward language and often focused on their faith

2. Give an example of an archetype.

a. Children with opposite qualities who are born of the same parent is an example.

7. Compare and contrast the actions of the woman the actions of Eve.

a. Compare: both took something forbidden, gave birth after fall, b. Contrast: one wanted bark and one wanted fruit, one fell metaphorically, one fell literally, Eve was tempted, Sky woman demanded

21. What was created from the death of the mother?

a. Corns, beans, squash, came from her head and tobacco came from her heart.

25. What things are created by the twins?

a. Deer, suicide roots, poison ivy, weasel, man

19. Describe the relationship between the twins.

a. Do not get along

15. The story suggests that the mother is "cut off forever from the Sky-World above." How is this similar to Adam and Eve?

a. Fall of man

Compare and contrast the Great Tree and the Tree of Knowledge.

a. Great Tree vs, Garden of Eden tree i. Compare: both forbidden, both eaten by women, both in center, both provide life fruit ii. Contrast:

24. How is the behavior of the twins indicative of the Native American philosophy?

a. Harmony and balance

13. What was a central idea of the Great Awakening?

a. Having an internal emotional experience that brings one to God

11. Who was the greatest spokesman of Puritanism?

a. Jonathan Edwards

27. What happened to the left-handed twin?

a. Killed him with deer antler and threw him over the end of the world

20. What does the birth of the twins represent?

a. Man's internal conflict in the world

5. What do the Native American myths emphasize?

a. Many emphasize strong spiritual bonds between the Creator, humanity, and the entire natural world; the duty of humans is to maintain a balance within the natural world.

4. What is the importance of the number three in Coyote and the Buffalo? How does this relate to the genre of the myth?

a. Rule of three, things told in 3's are more satisfying b. 3 trees c. 3 chances with the cow

16. Who is the man?

a. Some sort of supernatural creature, west wind

10. "She told them that if they could find some soil, she could plant the roots stuck between her fingers, and from them plants would grow," is similar to Genesis in what way?

a. Starting a new life in the desert after the fall of Eden

12. What did Edwards maintain that a person had to do in order to be "born again"?

a. That a person had to repent and convert

5. Who had the greatest influence on early American literature?

a. The Puritans

4. What was even more destructive to the Native Americans?

a. The diseases the newcomers brought

11. How are the seasons and elliptical patterns of the Earth created?

a. The earth both rotates and revolves on a 23° angle.

23. What does the line, "And, strangely enough, the grandmother favored the left-handed twin," foreshadow?

a. The fight between the grandmother and the left-handed twin

26. How does the right-handed twin defeat the left-handed twin? How does this relate to the Native American philosophy (yin / yang)?

a. The one who always lies told the truth, and the one who always tells the truth, lies.

3. What is one type of archetype found in Native American mythology?

a. The trickster is another archetype found in Native American mythology.

3. What enabled the Europeans to overcome the Native Americans?

a. Their superior weapons

14. What does line, "The woman and her daughter kept walking in a circle around the earth, so that the earth and plants would continue to grow," symbolize?

a. They are passing down one generation to the next, sending knowledge down

7. What is the central role of a Native American myth or ritual?

a. They are used to give people a sense of order and identity, to heal the sick, to ensure a plentiful supply of food, to teach moral lessons, and to initiate young people into adulthood and the wisdom of the past.

7. How did the Puritans oppose their reason for leaving England?

a. They dressed in plain style and held their simple religious services in undecorated meetinghouses

29. Why do the Iroquois honor the twins?

a. They look over affairs of men and keep an eye on the world.

17. What is meant by, "she was filled with terror, and amazement, and warmth. . .As she lay on the ground, the man reached into his quiver, and he took out two arrows."?

a. They moment of conception, arrows represent the twins, blunt an sharp

6. Why did they leave England?

a. To escape what they saw as signs of corruption in the Church of England

8. What did they believe was their God-given responsibility?

a. To establish an ideal way of life in America

2. Describe the difference in tone between the two coyote stories.

a. Tone is playful and comedic in 1st one; Tone is serious in 2nd

4. According to the textbook, the trickster "speaks and displays other human traits, and has two sides to its personality." What are these two sides?

a. Tricksters are rebels who defy authority and frequently cause trouble, but they are also clever and creative figures who can reveal wisdom.

28. What happened to the right-handed twin?

a. Went back to the sky world, and looks over the realm of the day

He was terrified, for he had never expected to find empty space underneath the world," is similar to Genesis in what way?

a. When he eats the apple and they realize they're naked

3. Which myths are created in Coyote and the Buffalo?

a. Why Buffaloes are not in Swah-netk-qhu country (Columbian river) b. Why buffalo have horns

6. How was the Great Tree supposed to be treated? Compare

a. With reverence

1. For the Europeans who settled and explored North America, what was life like?

a. life was hard and they encountered hardships with many of the Native Americans; struggled with nature

providence:

divine care or guidance; foresight

feigned

fictitious; not genuine

Compare and contrast The Sky Tree to The World on a Turtle's Back.

o Similarities: Both have a tree Both fell through a hole o Differences Woman need stuff from tree Animals talked and made decisions Woman made decisions

Resolve:

to decide; determine

procure

to obtain by care or effort

How were the Separatists different from the Puritans?

wanted to reform the church

Where did the pilgrims originally land? Where did they eventually disembark?

• 500 miles northeast of their intended destination, in Provincetown MA on Cape Cod on November 21, 1620

What is the "bundles of stories" found in line 26? in SOBW

• Baby spiders

Explain how Coyote is a trickster.

• Beneficent culture-hero helps restore 2 families, • Clever deceiver-persuades buffalo out of getting revenge • Numbskull-played with bones; let women cook the bones

Where did the pilgrims first land? Why did they not stay there?

• Cape Cod

In lines 21 - 24, where did the stories / spiders go?

• Disappear into the lightning

What was their first winter like?

• Harsh, nearly half of the colonists died of scurvy, pneumonia, fever, or starvation. No wilderness survival skills

What did Bradford do in order to ensure a peaceable, organized society? What was the result of this organizational principle?

• He distributed parcels of land equally to all settlers, even non-believers

Lines 7 - 21 tell where the spiders / stories are found. What is the purpose of this?

• It's a part of the metaphor; both the stories and spiders are natural

What was the colony's rules of government called?

• Mayflower Compact

If Bradford wrote in the plain style, which was straightforward and unadorned, why is it difficult to read today?

• No, it's not difficult to understand, however some of the words are archaic

What is one of the most important narratives of early colonial? How is this unique from other chronicles of its time?

• Of Plymouth Plantation; separates religious commentary from historical commentary

For which Native American tribe are these stories a myth?

• Okanogan

Describe Bradford's youth.

• Orphaned as an infant, and brought up by relatives, became a separatist

How was Plymouth different than The Massachusetts Bay Colony?

• Plymouth was Egalitarian and had a better distribution of land which allowed them to have a stronger economy ; MA Bay had a Bible commonwealth- sought guidance of scriptures to regulate all aspects of their lives

In line 14, what is me reference to the black widow - one of the deadliest and most beautiful (fascinating) of all spiders.

• Red bellies

Lines 15-17 in SOBW?

• Repetition and parallelism o Structure lines the same way in a repetitive fashion (creates emphasis on their importance and availability) o Shows that stories are everywhere

What was special about the cow in Coyote and the Buffalo?

• She can regenerate her fat

What do we learn about mouse?

• She can speak a lot of diff languages and they believe that they are clever

What is the extended metaphor of SOBW poem? Explain.

• Spiders are compared to stories that can be dangerous, threatening, and powerful. Story's power lies in its ability to change a person as well as its immortality.

Create a timeline of the events for Of Plymouth Plantation

• Storm • Fell off ship (pulled under the weather) • Survived • Got sick • Landed in New Land

Define diction.

• The writer's choice of words

To what do lines 27 - 31 refer? in SOBW

• They are constant and will last forever;

Why did Bradford and the other Separatists leave Holland? What was the result?

• They feared that they might become assimilated into Dutch Culture and lose their identity

With what group did Bradford associate during his youth?

• separatists

How is the line, "Here lived gods who were like people - like Iroquois," indicative of the basic Native American philosophy?

Showed that they didn't believe in higher power, that everyone was equal

1. Define tone.

An author's attitude toward his or her subject matter of the audience. Tone is conveyed through elements such as word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, and figures of speech. A writer's tone might convey a variety of attitudes such as sympathy, objectivity, or humor

How many languages do experts estimate were spoken in North America when Columbus arrived?

At least 300 languages were spoken in North America by the time Columbus arrived.

Define egalitarian.

Promoting a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economical rights and privileges

What were most of stories and mythology that developed out of the thousands of languages of the Native Americans probably about?

Religious Stories

How was this reverence for the earth passed through generations?

Reverence for the earth was passed through generations orally.

How does the poem, I Have Killed the Deer, on page 13 represent or reflect the Native American philosophies?

Reverence to the co-dependence of all living things and the cycle of life

What was the name of the first colonial newspaper? When was it published?

The Boston Newsletter was published in 1704.

* What is the Columbian Exchange and how did it alter the Earth's ecosystems as well as change many cultures around the world?

The Columbian Exchange is the bartering of plants and animals between America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Ecosystems were changed with all the foreign plants. The cultures would either benefit off of the foreign plants, or decline from the new diseases.

From where did the ancestors of the Native Americans come to the Western Hemisphere?

The Native Americans originally came from Asia, over the Bering Strait which connected Siberia and Alaska.