The Lost Promise of Reconstruction

How many enslaved African Americans were freed at the end of the Civil War? A. 4,000 B. 400,000 C. 4 million D. 40 million

4 million

In which of the following ways did African Americans try to seek their lost family members during Reconstruction? A. using social networks and letters B. using information from the Freedmen's Bureau C. paying for information D. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Which statement about vagrancy laws during the Reconstruction Era is correct? A. They were part of the Black Codes. B. They prevented freedmen from leaving one job and going to another. C. They were a means of controlling the black population. D. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

What was the main difference between carpetbaggers and scalawags? A. Carpetbaggers were African Americans who worked for a wage, whereas scalawags were African Americans who owned their own land. B. Carpetbaggers were men and scalawags were women. C. Carpetbaggers preferred to use the services of the Freedmen's Bureau, whereas scalawags refused to use any social services. D. Carpetbaggers were Northerners who became politicians in the South, whereas scalawags were Southerners who supported the Republican Party.

Carpetbaggers were Northerners who became politicians in the South, whereas scalawags were Southerners who supported the Republican Party.

Which of the following was NOT a reason Congress took over Reconstruction and declared a military occupation in the South? A. Congress felt that President Johnson was not bringing defeated states back into the Union fast enough. B. Southern terrorists were killing African Americans without fear of being brought to justice. C. Republican congressmen thought that southern plantation owners would vote Democratic and threaten the Republican Party's control of the government. D. Congress thought President Johnson was making too many concessions to the white, conservative forces in the South.

Congress felt that President Johnson was not bringing defeated states back into the Union fast enough.

Under the _____, the use of force, bribery, or intimidation to prevent people from voting became a federal crime. A. Enforcement Acts B. Black Codes C. Fifteenth Amendment D. Civil Rights Act of 1875

Enforcement Acts

Why were women such as Sojourner Truth not fully satisfied with the Fifteenth Amendment? A. It did not provide freedmen with any access to education. B. It only gave women the right to vote in local elections. C. It specifically denied citizenship to Native Americans. D. It granted the right to vote to all men, but not to women

It granted the right to vote to all men, but not to women

Examine the quote below and answer the question that follows it: "The whites, after keeping up for a short time an unavailing fire upon the courthouse, by approaching it upon a side which had no openings for windows or doors, set fire to the building by a torch applied to the roof. The roof was soon in flames, and the occupants of the building became alarmed. One held out the leaf of a book and the other tore off a shirt sleeve and hung it upon a stick as a sign of capitulation." What event do you believe the preceding passage is referring to? A. the aftermath of the Hayes-Tilden election B. the surrender of the last remaining Confederate forces in the South C. the Colfax Massacre in Louisiana D. No answer is correct.

the Colfax Massacre in Louisiana

Which of the following groups or organizations did NOT provide education to African Americans during Reconstruction? A. the American Missionary Association B. the Freedmen's Bureau C. the Democratic Party D. Northern philanthropists

the Democratic Party

Which of the following groups was not involved with educating African Americans in the South during Reconstruction? A. the Congregationalist American Missionary Association (AMA) B. the Freedmen's Bureau C. wealthy Northern industrialists D. the Democratic Party

the Democratic Party

If you were a Republican sheriff in rural Georgia trying to maintain law and order against the violence of white societies such as the Ku Klux Klan, which of the following would offer you the most help? A. the Fourteenth Amendment B. the Fifteenth Amendment C. the Enforcement Act of 1870 D. the Civil Rights Act of 1866

the Enforcement Act of 1870

Several northern and southern states objected, at first, to which of the following pieces of legislation? A. the Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery B. the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to freedmen C. the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted African American men the right to vote D. the military occupation of the South

the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted African American men the right to vote

Examine the quote below and answer the question that follows it: "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." Which piece of legislation from the Reconstruction Era was this quote likely pulled from? A. the Thirteenth Amendment B. the Southern Homestead Act of 1866 C. the Fourteenth Amendment D. the Enforcement Acts

the Fourteenth Amendment

If you were an African American in the South during Reconstruction and needed transportation to a state with more jobs, which government organization or agency would you turn to for help?] A. the Democratic Party B. the Freedmen's Bureau C. the Union League D. No answer is correct.

the Freedmen's Bureau

Which event essentially ended the era of Reconstruction? A. the Panic of 1873 B. the election of President Grant C. the Supreme Court case United States v. Cruikshank D. the Hayes-Tilden election

the Hayes-Tilden election

During and after the Civil War, most of the industries in America were located in _____, while there was a heavy agricultural economy in _____. A. the West, the Deep South B. the South, the Northeast C. the North, the South D. the Midwest, Texas

the North, the South

During Reconstruction, Northern industrialists tended to side with _____. A. the Republican Party B. the Democratic Party C. Southern landowners D. the Freedmen's Bureau

the Republican Party

Imagine you are an African American sharecropper seeking economic independence. Which of the following pieces of legislation would give you the most hope? A. the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 B. the Southern Homestead Act of 1866 C. the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 D. the Civil Rights Act of 1866

the Southern Homestead Act of 1866

Examine the following quote, and answer the question that follows it: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."' Which piece of legislation from the Reconstruction era was this quote likely pulled from? A. the Thirteenth Amendment B. the Fourteenth Amendment C. the Fifteenth Amendment D. No answer is correct.

the Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following amendments directly ended slavery? A. the Thirteenth Amendment B. the Fourteenth Amendment C. the Fifteenth Amendment D. No answer is correct.

the Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following had the most direct impact on the lives of the largest number of African Americans living during the Reconstruction Era? A. the Southern Homestead Act of 1866 B. the Thirteenth Amendment C. the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 D. the Colfax Massacre

the Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following was NOT one of the duties of the Freedmen's Bureau? A. the care of Civil War refugees B. the distribution of parcels of land to all freedmen over age 21 C. the distribution of medicine, clothing, and food rations D. the division of confiscated lands in the South

the distribution of parcels of land to all freedmen over age 21

Using the Enforcement Acts, who did Congress empower to stop the Ku Klux Klan and other white societies during Reconstruction? A. state and local governments B. the president, using the federal government and army C. federal courts, including the Supreme Court D. private mercenaries and contractors

the president, using the federal government and army

When did African Americans begin to vote and run for political office? A. immediately after the Civil War ended B. early on during the Civil War C. after the 1876 election D. throughout Reconstruction

throughout Reconstruction

If you were an African American in the South during Congressional Reconstruction, how would former Confederates prevent you from voting? A. passing state laws forbidding African Americans from voting B. refusing to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment C. using terror and intimidation from societies such as the Ku Klux Klan D. picking all offices by appointment and not holding elections

using terror and intimidation from societies such as the Ku Klux Klan

The first African Americans in Congress and the Senate _____. A. started with Senator Benjamin Banneker in the Second Congress of 1796 B. were elected and appointed during Reconstruction in the 1860s and 1870s C. were elected during Roosevelt's New Deal in the 1930s D. were elected in the Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s

were elected and appointed during Reconstruction in the 1860s and 1870s

Why were freedmen's courts so important for African Americans in the Reconstruction era of the South? A. The Freedmen's Courts were the only courts that dealt with matters of African American landownership. B. During Reconstruction, Oliver O. Howard had suspended the use of all local southern courts. C. The Supreme Court's ruling in United States v. Reese had ruled that cases involving African Americans had to take place in freedmen's courts to prevent mistrials. D. It is doubtful that many African Americans could receive a fair trial or even have their case heard in a southern court during this era.

It is doubtful that many African Americans could receive a fair trial or even have their case heard in a southern court during this era.

Why were many feminists angry after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment? A. Its official language denied women the right to vote in any of the southern states. B. It protected the rights of African American men to vote but not those of women. C. One of its motions repealed an earlier amendment, which had given women the right to vote. D. No answer is correct.

It protected the rights of African American men to vote but not those of women.1

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the North during the Reconstruction era? A. It was a region where many formerly enslaved African Americans migrated. B. It experienced a large, post-war boom in industry. C. It was a region with many wealthy citizens and politicians. D. It was a region where the Democratic Party was extremely popular.

It was a region where the Democratic Party was extremely popular.

What was the result of the state constitutional conventions held at the beginning of Reconstruction? A. New state constitutions put the Black Codes into law. B. New state constitutions protected equal rights for African Americans. C. New state constitutions required that some elected representatives were African American. D. The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified by every state in the South.

New state constitutions protected equal rights for African Americans.

Which of the following best describes landownership during the period of Reconstruction? A. Most African American males in the South were given titles to their own land. B. The Union League was the most active organization in providing land to African Americans. C. The Republican Party was legally responsible for distributing captured Confederate territory. D. No answer is correct.

No answer is correct.

During Congressional Reconstruction, the U.S. Congress took control of Reconstruction away from _____. A. General Oliver O. Howard B. President Ulysses S. Grant C. President Andrew Johnson D. Francis L. Cardozo

President Andrew Johnson

Why did many African Americans prefer to be sharecroppers rather than work for a wage? A. Sharecroppers were allowed to vote, but regular workers were not. B. Sharecroppers worked their own land with little interference and oversight. C. Few wage labor jobs were available in the South. D. No answer is correct.

Sharecroppers worked their own land with little interference and oversight.

In United States v. Cruikshank and United States v. Reese, the _____ rolled back the advances of Reconstruction. A. Supreme Court B. Freedmen's Bureau C. freedmen's court D. Council of Safety

Supreme Court

Which of the following best describes freedmen's courts? A. They dealt with major cases in the South before the Supreme Court ruled on them. B. They dealt with minor civil and criminal cases involving formerly enslaved people. C. They were first created by the Union League for ex-soldiers. D. They were first established in the North for African Americans who had escaped slavery in the South.

They dealt with minor civil and criminal cases involving formerly enslaved people.

Which of the following sentiments does NOT describe the attitude of white Southern landowners toward African Americans? A. They had contempt and disregard for African Americans. B. They saw African Americans as cheap, expendable labor. C. They respected the hard working qualities of African Americans. D. They desired to limit the political influence of African Americans.

They respected the hard working qualities of African Americans.

Why were many businessmen and industrialists in the North eager for Reconstruction to help rebuild the South? A. The Supreme Court case United States v. Cruikshank awarded them new markets in Georgia. B. They wanted access to the South's factories, which were the largest in the country. C. They wanted to take advantage of the cheap labor and new markets in the South. D. They wanted to provide African Americans a better alternative to a life as sharecroppers.

They wanted to take advantage of the cheap labor and new markets in the South.

Which U.S. president was in office when federal authorities finally started punishing Southern racist groups? A. Abraham Lincoln B. Andrew Johnson C. Ulysses Grant D. Rutherford B. Hayes

Ulysses Grant

Why did most African Americans believe sharecropping was a much better system than working for a wage? A. Working land without supervision was preferable to the dangers of low-paying jobs with heavy supervision. B. Exchange rates were so poor in the years after the Civil War that even a high-paying job in a factory was not enough to feed a family. C. African American sharecroppers would often collaborate with white owners to use any excess profit from the harvest to buy other land and expand their holdings. D. No answer is correct.

Working land without supervision was preferable to the dangers of low-paying jobs with heavy supervision.

If you were an African American sharecropper, which of the following would be expected of you? A. You and your family would share a plot of land and a cabin with a white family. B. You and several other African American families would share labor duties on a plot of land bought by the group. C. You would give a share of your harvest to the Union League in exchange for support around election time. D. You would give a share of your harvest to a white landowner as payment for working and living on his land.

You would give a share of your harvest to a white landowner as payment for working and living on his land.

Which of the following individuals might be closely associated with the Union League? A. a freedman from Mississippi who wants a small parcel of land to farm B. a well-educated African American from South Carolina who wants to run as a Republican for state senate C. an African American soldier from Massachusetts who returns home after the Civil War D. No answer is correct.

a well-educated African American from South Carolina who wants to run as a Republican for state senate

During the final days of Reconstruction, most southern state governments had done all of the following except _____. A. handing over power to Democrats and former Confederates B. forcing many Republican and African Americans from office C. cutting the funding for social programs started after the Civil War D. allowing African American public schools to remain open

allowing African American public schools to remain open

Under the Black Codes, any white person was legally allowed to _____ any black person in the South. A. marry B. arrest C. murder D. teach

arrest

How did Southern landowners view African Americans in the South during Reconstruction? A. as political tools to support the Democratic Party B. as potential militia to fight the Union's occupying army C. as allies to help rebuild the South D. as cheap labor needed to work their land

as cheap labor needed to work their land

For even the slightest offense against a white Southerner, some African Americans were _____. A. beaten or killed B. brought before the Supreme Court C. sent back into slavery D. forced to move North

beaten or killed

Before being emancipated, many African Americans got married in _____, which were not recognized by state law. A. federal courts B. Black Codes ceremonies C. freedmen's courts D. broomstick ceremonies

broomstick ceremonies

The Enforcement Acts were designed mainly to _____. A. ensure African Americans would never be enslaved in the South again B. grant African Americans the right to vote C. gain new sources of funding for the Union League's activities in the South D. combat the activity of Southern terrorist groups such as the KKK

combat the activity of Southern terrorist groups such as the KKK

Which of the following was the main political problem for the U.S. government during Reconstruction? A. creating a system by which the defeated states could rejoin the Union B. freeing slaves held on plantations during Reconstruction C. establishing voting rights for women D. ensuring the Democratic Party did not return to power

creating a system by which the defeated states could rejoin the Union

Reconstruction began with the _____. A. beginning of the Civil War B. end of the Civil War C. election of 1876 D. return of Democratic Redeemers to power

end of the Civil War

Which of the following actions were African Americans from the South least likely to take during Reconstruction? A. migrating to the North for low-paying factory work B. finding a job working for the local chapter of the Union League C. migrating to a southern city for a better job D. sharecropping on a plot of land in the rural South

finding a job working for the local chapter of the Union League

The Black Codes were set up in the South by _____. A. Southern Republicans giving the vote and other civil rights to African Americans B. former Confederate lawmakers trying to restrict and control freedmen C. the Ku Klux Klan and other vigilante groups D. African American delegates at state constitutional conventions

former Confederate lawmakers trying to restrict and control freedmen

All of the following goals were priorities for freedmen after the Civil War except _____. A. reuniting with families B. getting equal use of facilities on public trains C. receiving fair and equitable opportunities for landownership D. securing the right to vote

getting equal use of facilities on public trains

The Freedmen's Bureau was involved with all of the following activities except _____. A. helping African Americans get fair work contracts B. educational assistance for African Americans C. freedmen's courts for African Americans D. helping African American women gain the right to vote

helping African American women gain the right to vote

Which of the following is the most obvious legacy seen today from the push for African American education during Reconstruction? A. historically black colleges such as Fisk, Howard, and Clark Atlanta Universities B. educational endowments such as the Peabody and Slater funds C. the American Missionary Association's schools D. All answers are correct.

historically black colleges such as Fisk, Howard, and Clark Atlanta Universities

After the Panic of 1873, the Freedmen's Bureau was widely disliked _____. A. by industrialists B. in the Deep South C. in the North and the South D. in the western territories

in the North and the South

Which of the following advances were NOT common during Reconstruction? A. suffrage for African American men B. educational opportunities for African Americans C. integration of all public schools D. African Americans receiving land from the government

integration of all public schools

For formerly enslaved African Americans, emancipation meant they could _____ rather than rely on broomstick ceremonies. A. cast a vote B. enlist in the military C. graduate from school D. legally marry

legally marry

Imagine you are an African American who moves to the North to look for work after the Civil War. Which of the following types of jobs would you probably expect to find? A. work as a farmer with your own plot of land B. a secure factory job with union membership C. low-paying factory jobs replacing white workers on strike D. work in the Washington offices of the Freedmen's Bureau

low-paying factory jobs replacing white workers on strike

The Fifteenth Amendment _____. A. gave black and white women the right to vote B. emancipated enslaved workers in territory the Union had not yet conquered C. made it illegal to deny voting rights to a person based on a previous condition of servitude D. extended citizenship to every person living in the United States

made it illegal to deny voting rights to a person based on a previous condition of servitude

The Southern Homestead Act _____. A. was designed and sponsored by the KKK to preserve white rule B. made public land available to white farmers but not African Americans C. made some public land available to African Americans and white farmers D. was a total failure because most of the land was handed back to ex-Confederate landowners

made some public land available to African Americans and white farmers

Imagine you are a newly freed African American trying to reunite with your spouse and family after the Civil War. Which of the following concerns would you probably NOT have? A. having money to pay a reward for good information B. gaining transport to an area where you can locate them C. making sure your former enslaver knows about your plans in advance D. discovering that your spouse might have remarried or started a new family

making sure your former enslaver knows about your plans in advance

The Reconstruction Act of 1867 accepted defeated states back into the Union _____. A. only if they made new, progressive constitutions B. if they granted land to their freed African Americans C. if they elected an African American to a governor's position, or other state government post D. only after a 10 year waiting period

only if they made new, progressive constitutions

Before the Civil War, the South's economy was based on _____. A. plantation farming with slave labor B. heavy industries with low-wage labor C. plantation farming with low-wage labor D. heavy industries with slave labor

plantation farming with slave labor

In the summer and fall of 1865, immediately after the end of the Civil War, African Americans throughout the South organized many _____. A. all-black unions B. political conventions C. protests D. protective militias

political conventions

The presidential election of 1876 between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden _____. A. was the result of the economic depression three years earlier B. resulted in Republicans giving up on Reconstruction C. was won by the Democrats D. was the first sign that Reconstruction was failing

resulted in Republicans giving up on Reconstruction

Which of the following actions was NOT made illegal with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment? A. state laws violating the "privileges and immunities" of U.S. citizens B. denying life, liberty, or property to citizens without due process of law C. allowing a former Confederate official and landowner to be compensated for his enslaved workers D. segregating private theaters or restaurants

segregating private theaters or restaurants

Landowners and landless farmers partnered to work the land and split their harvest in a system known as _____. A. a broomstick ceremony B. disenfranchisement C. vagrancy D. sharecropping

sharecropping

African American laborers hired by northern industrial owners as temporary workers with no real guarantees of employment were known as _____. A. scalawags B. White Camelias C. strikebreakers D. carpetbaggers

strikebreakers

In 1870 and 1871, Congress passed several laws which were designed to _____ secret societies in the South. A. fund and expand B. suppress and destroy C. aid and hide D. negotiate with

suppress and destroy

Aside from the Freedmen's Bureau, which of the following organizations was responsible for the education of many African Americans during Reconstruction? A. the Union League B. the American Missionary Association C. the Democratic Party D. the National Negro Labor Union

the American Missionary Association

It is 1865, and Timothy is an African American who is charged with vagrancy because he quit his job and was not able to immediately find another one. Timothy is most likely being charged under which set of laws or practices? A. the Fourteenth Amendment B. the Fifteenth Amendment C. the Southern Homestead Act D. the Black Codes

the Black Codes

Which of the following did southern state governments use as a method of controlling African Americans immediately after the Civil War? A. universal suffrage B. the Union League C. the Fourteenth Amendment D. the Black Codes

the Black Codes

Which of the following is the correct order of events? A. the Thirteenth Amendment is passed; Democrats regain a majority of seats in Congress; the Civil War ends; Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president B. the Civil War ends; the Thirteenth Amendment is passed; Democrats regain a majority of seats in Congress; Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president C. the Democrats gain a majority of seats in Congress; Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president; the Civil War ends; the Thirteenth Amendment is passed D. No answer is correct.

the Civil War ends; the Thirteenth Amendment is passed; Democrats regain a majority of seats in Congress; Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president

Which of the following statements about African American elected officials is correct? A. The majority of congressmen and senators from the South were African Americans. B. The first African Americans to serve in Congress were elected from southern states. C. Five African American senators and 11 African American congressmen were elected from the South. D. Every state in the South sent at least one African American representative to Congress in 1868.

The first African Americans to serve in Congress were elected from southern states.

Why was there a need for freedmen's courts to be created in the South during Reconstruction? A. During the occupation of the South, all other courts had been disbanded. B. These courts of law were the only place where enslaved African Americans could win their freedom. C. African Americans were not allowed to testify in regular courts during this period. D. The legal system was strongly biased against African Americans in the South at the time

The legal system was strongly biased against African Americans in the South at the time

How did the Union League and the Freedmen's Bureau differ from each other? A. The Union League was focused on poor, white Southerners, while the Freedmen's Bureau focused on African Americans. B. The Union League's efforts ended as soon as the Civil War ended, but the Freedmen's Bureau's efforts ended after Reconstruction. C. The main focus of the Union League was on politics, but the Freedmen's Bureau was more concerned with giving aid and assistance. D. No answer is correct.

The main focus of the Union League was on politics, but the Freedmen's Bureau was more concerned with giving aid and assistance.