The Molecules of Life

The image below depicts which type of lipid? steroid hormone phospholipid triglyceride glycogen

phospholipid

There are _____ different amino acids

20

Carbon has _____ potential bonding sites.

4

Which lipid group below provides a way to store large amounts of energy and provides thermal insulation and organ protection in animals. A.) Triglycerides B.) Steroids like cholesterol and hormones C.) Phospholipids that build cell membranes

A.) Triglycerides (oils and fats)

Which of these polysaccharides is made of the amazing glucose? starch cellulose glycogen NONE of these choices are made of glucose!! ALL of these choices are made of glucose!!

ALL of these choices are made of glucose!!

A hydrolysis reaction....... Adds water to break monomers apart Adds water to join monomers together Removes water to join monomers together Removes water to break monomers apart

Adds water to break monomers apart

This image depicts the ________________ functional group.

Amino

Plant cell walls are made of the carbohydrate called___________________.

Cellulose

An example of a nucleic acid is protein. DNA. fat. sugar. glucose.

DNA

- O - H Name this functional group.

Hydroxyl

The DNA nucleotide Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with _____________. Guanine Glycogen Cytosine Thymine

Thymine (AT)

Nucleotides are bonded together to make DNA or RNA via dehydration synthesis. T or F

True

Nucleotides are bonded together to make DNA or RNA via dehydration synthesis. True or false?

True

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA? Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil Thymine

Uracil

If you were to suck on a saltine cracker for a pretty long time, the enzyme amylase would break down the starch into glucose via the process of none of these dehydration synthesis hydrolysis metabolism

hydrolysis

A __________is a large macromolecule made up of smaller molecules called____________.

polymer; monomers

characteristics are that they are highly variable molecules with some examples being soluble while others are insoluble in water. Includes an R group on each monomer.

proteins

Which molecule in the list below is NOT a monosaccharide? glucose deoxyribose starch fructose

starch

How many water molecules would be produced during the dehydration synthesis that links 4 amino acids?

three

Which polysaccharide is made of glucose and found in the liver and muscles of animals?

Glycogen

There are 20 different amino acids that are used by living organisms to make proteins. The all have the basic design, but they differ at the ______ group.

R

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are types of polypeptides nucleic acids lipids carbohydrates

nucleic acids

characteristics are that they form long strands (sometimes helixes) and contain purines (As and Gs) and pyrimidines (Cs, Ts & Gs)

nucleic acids

DNA is a polymer of _________________. steroids amino acids hexoses nucleotides

nucleotides

A fat with a glycerol head and three fatty acid tails is called a........ phospholipid polysaccharide steroid hormone triglyceride

triglyceride

In general, ________ fats are considered healthier. unsaturated saturated bacon-related lard

unsaturated

Making RNA out of a nucleotides

Example of dehydration synthesis

Breaking down the protein in the hamburger you ate to release amino acids.

Example of hydrolysis

A phosphate functional group consists of a phosphorous atom with 2 nitrogen atoms attached. True or false?

False

In the reaction that produces a tryglyceride, three fatty acids are joined to a glycerol and three water molecules are released. This process is called hydrolysis.

False

Which nitrogenous base is incorrectly paired with its match? Adenine - Uracil Adenine- Guanine Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine

Adenine- Guanine

Which molecule is NOT found in DNA? Deoxyribose Nitrogenous bases Phosphate Amino acid Adenine

Amino acid

Triglycerides, sterols, and glycogen are all lipids. True or flase?

False

Triglycerides, sterols, and glycogen are all lipids. (True or False)

False

One of the primary uses of carbohydrates is... A.) As a muscle structural component or as an antibody B.) For short-term energy storage. C.) As the basis of the genetic code. D.) In long-term energy storage and in animal organ protection and insulation.

For short-term energy storage.

A dehydration synthesis reaction....... A.) Adds water to break monomers apart B.) Adds water to join monomers together C.) Removes water to join monomers together D.) Removes water to break monomers apart

C.) Removes water to join monomers together

Genes are made of protein cytoplasm DNA Ribosomes Lipids

DNA

Which molecule in the list below is NOT a lipid? trigylcerides cholesterol steroids phospholipids DNA

DNA

What is the name of the sugar in DNA? Ribose Ribase Dyeoxyribose Deoxyribose None of these are correct

Deoxyribose

Which statement below best describes the general structure of DNA? A. A double helix with one parallel strand. B. A single helix with one parallel strand. C. A single helix with two parallel strands. D. None of these E. A double helix with two anti-parallel strands.

E. A double helix with two anti-parallel strands.

Which statement is true? Only saturated fat makes oils and there is not much in walnuts. Most of the fat is kinked and kinked fat is solid. Much of the fat is unsaturated, an thus would be an oil if separated out. Much of the fat is unkinked and unkinked fat is oil.

Much of the fat is unsaturated, an thus would be an oil if separated out.

Proteins are made of.......... fatty acids monosaccharides purines pyrimidines amino acids

amino acids

The monomers of proteins are............ nucleic acids monosaccharides. fatty acids. nucleotides. amino acids.

amino acids.

characteristics include that the structure holds a lot of potential energy, often found as pentoses, and is a good structural support molecule

carbohydrates

The images shows the ________________ functional group.

carboxyl

Which of the following is an example of a lipid? polypeptide DNA cellulose glycogen cholesterol

cholesterol

characteristics include being insoluble in water, being a component of cell membranes and hormones.

lipids

Hydrophobic means............. water-fearing or something that will not dissolve in water. water-loving or something that will dissolve in water. a functional group. a building block of polymers

water-fearing or something that will not dissolve in water.