The New Republic/ Nationalism and sectionalism

Hamilton's National Bank

The bank was fought over and made the first argument of whether the constitution should be strictly or loosely interpreted

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson won the election and called it "the revolution of 1800" and it marked the first time political power was passed from one party to the other

Eli Whitney's cotton gin

Transformed America promoting slavery and the production of cotton causing many cotton plantations to rise in slave states

Adam's presidency

Won presidency by slim margins. Stubborn, lacked sensitivity, but honest and dedicated. Had to deal with France and their realtionship

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

excise tax

a tax on the production, sale, or consumption of luxury goods

Lewis and Clark Expedition

an expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Alien and Sedition Acts

the Federalist-supported laws created in 1798 that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th line were free states and all South were slave states.

Washington's Precedents

1) He established a cabinet. 2) He stayed in office for only two terms. 3) He remained neutral in terms of international affairs-this did not hold for all presidents, but certainly set an example.

Manifest Destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Cabinet

A group of a advisors to the president that each head one of the branches of the executive government

Era of Good Feelings

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial and industrial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party causing peace and confidence after the war.

Techumseh

A powerful chief who wish to build a Confederacy among the Native Americans and keep back white movement into Native American lands.

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

XYZ Affair

Adams sent diplomats to France to negotiate but France asks for a bribe before negotiating (seen as an insult)

Andrew Jackson's presidency and early life

Born in a log cabin in Tennessee, orphaned in revolutionary war, and was a war hero of 1812. During presidency started Jacksonian democracy is(movement towards popular democracy and recognition of common people) dealt with the Indian removal act and

John C. Calhoun

He lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically and Created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional. (This situation became known as the Nullification Crisis.)

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. (For the war of 1812)

Loose vs. Strict Interpretation

Strict interp- constitution should be followed exactly (whats not included is not allowed) Loose interp- constitution should be flexible (whats not in the constitution is allowed)

Impressment

The British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.

War of 1812

In the war of 1812 the national anthem was created due to the flag at fort mchenry. Andrew jackson grew to power and is later elected president. This war allowed America to prove itself as a country showing that we are to be taken seriously.

Aaron Burr

Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

Importance of the Mississippi River/New Orleans

New Orleans was the capital of the industrial industry and the Mississippi river was for trade

Barbary Pirates

North Africans who attacked American ships and tried to ransom American sailors (started an unofficial naval war with the north African countries because Jefferson didn't wanna pay the ransom

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Pay off all war debts, raise government revenues (fed gov't assumes state debts and charge excise tax and tariffs), create a national bank

Washington's Presidency

Set many precedents for furture presidents and created a dignifide straigtforward example of how a president should be. all presidents try to live up to washingtons standards

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Henery Clay

Created both the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and the american system

Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans

Dem-Rep. led by Jefferson and Madison, desire loose gov. political organization, aka Republicans. Feds led by Hamilton and Fenno, desire strong central gov. political organization. Feds

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Maurbury vs Madison

Established judicial review in the supreme court

Embargo Act of 1807

Law that forbade American ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed American ports to British ships. It caused American industry to boom because it protected American products over foreign ones

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

John marshall's court

The fourth chief justice that established the supremes courts role in federal government

Causes of the War of 1812

These included: British impressment of sailors, British seizure of neutral American trading ships, and the British were inciting the Indians on the frontier to attack the Americans, and the war would allow the U.S. to seize the northwest posts, Florida, and possibly Canada

Jay's Treaty

Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions/ended in a stalemate (moral victory)

Whigs

Wanted a strong federal gov't, tariffs, believed in a loose interpretation and a national bank (new federalist party) created due to the bank war

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned against permanent foreign alliances and political parties, called for unity of the country, established precedent of two-term presidency and a farewell address

Whiskey Rebellion

When an excise tax was placed on whiskey in 1784 western farmers protested and refused to pay the tax. Washington crushed this rebellion showing the true power of the federal government