The Respiratory System ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of cromolyn sodium to prevent bronchospasm. The nurse should explain that the drug has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Reduces inflammation Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, reduces inflammation by inhibiting the inflammatory response.

A nurse is teaching a client about montelukast. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Take the drug once a day in the evening Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier, is most effective when taken once per day in the evening.

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking prednisone for chronic asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Avoid taking non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Gastric protective measures are essential for clients who are taking oral glucocorticoids. Anti-inflammatory drugs can cause GI bleeding, so clients should not take them concurrently with prednisone.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of beclomethasone to treat asthma. The nurse should explain that the drug has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Decreases inflammation Beclomethasone, an intranasal glucocorticoid, treats asthma by reducing inflammation.

A nurse is teaching an adult client about diphenhydramine. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects while taking this drug?

Drowsiness The most common adverse effect of diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is drowsiness.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for zileuton. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Have laboratory tests performed at regular intervals Zileuton, a leukotriene modifier, can cause liver injury. The nurse should monitor liver function once a month for 3 months, then every 2 to 3 months during the first year of treatment.

A nurse is teaching a client about ipratropium. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Wait 5 min between using the drug and another inhaled drug Ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic, requires a 5-min wait between its administration and that of another inhaled drug to allow for bronchodilation to take effect.

A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty mobilizing thick respiratory secretions. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to the client?

Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that loosens thick respiratory secretions.

A nurse is teaching a client about using intranasal glucocorticoids. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give?

Allow at least 2 weeks for the full therapeutic effect It can take 2 or 3 weeks to see the full therapeutic effect of intranasal glucocorticoids.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should include that an expectorant has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Reduces surface tension Expectorants act by reducing the surface tension and viscosity of respiratory secretions. This results in thinning thick mucus, making it easier to cough out of the lungs and drain out of the nose and sinuses.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking codeine. The nurse should identify that which of the following assessments is priority to make?

Respirations The greatest risk to clients who are taking codeine, an opioid agonist, is severe respiratory depression. Therefore, the respiratory rate is the priority assessment.

A nurse is monitoring plasma drug levels in a client who is taking theophylline. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see if the client's drug level indicates toxicity?

Seizures Seizures are likely when plasma drug levels of theophylline, a methylxanthine, are higher than 30 mcg/mL, which indicates toxicity.

Legal restrictions apply to the purchase of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) because of which of the following risks?

Drug abuse Because it is possible to alter pseudoephedrine and epinephrine into methamphetamine, a commonly abused drug, the law restricts the drugs' purchase.

For which of the following reasons should a nurse instruct a client to avoid taking guaifenisin with combination over-the-counter cold products?

over-the-counter cold products can also contain guaifenisin Many combination over-the-counter cold products contain guaifenesin. A client taking both might be taking excessive amounts of the drug. Combination products also contain multiple drugs to treat different manifestations, some of which the client might not have. All drugs have potential adverse effects, so the client should use only those drugs required to treat existing symptoms and only in the recommended amounts.

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of pseudoephedrine. Which of the following should the nurse include?

-Restlessness -Insomnia -Anxiety Restlessness is correct. Restlessness is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine, an oral sympathomimetic.Bradycardia is incorrect. Pseudoephedrine is more likely to cause tachycardia, not bradycardia.Insomnia is correct. Insomnia is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine.Muscle pain is incorrect. Muscle pain is not an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine. The drug is more likely to cause numbness of the extremities.Anxiety is correct. Anxiety is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine.

A nurse is teaching a client about ipratropium. The nurse should include that this drug has which of the following adverse effects?

-Urinary retention -Dry mouth Muscle tremors is incorrect. Muscle tremors can occur with beta2 agonists, not with inhaled anticholinergics such as ipratropium.Urinary retention is correct. Urinary retention can occur with ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic. Dry mouth is correct. Ipratropium can dry oral secretions.Insomnia is incorrect. Methylxanthines, not inhaled anticholinergics such as ipratropium, can cause insomnia.Tachycardia is incorrect. Tachycardia can occur with beta2 agonists, not with inhaled anticholinergics such as ipratropium.

A nurse should recognize that using pseudoephedrine to treat allergic rhinitis requires cautious use with clients who have which of the following conditions?

Coronary artery disease Because pseudoephedrine, an oral sympathomimetic, can cause systemic vasoconstriction, it requires cautious use with clients who have severe hypertension or coronary artery disease.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for albuterol via inhaler and fluticasone/salmeterol via inhaler who asthma management. For which of the following reasons should the nurse instruct the client to use the albuterol inhaler before using the fluticasone inhaler?

Albuterol will increase the absorption of fluticasone Albuterol, an inhaled, short-acting beta2 agonist, causes bronchodilation, which will increase the absorption of fluticasone, an inhaled glucocorticoid.

A nurse is preparing to administer phenylephrine to a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of this drug?

Headache Oral sympathomimetics stimulate the adrenergic receptors, causing blood vessel constriction, which can cause nervousness, headache, blurred vision, and tremors.

A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning fluticasone propionate/salmeterol therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Increase weight-bearing activity Weight-bearing activity can help minimize bone loss, which is an adverse effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, an inhaled glucocorticoid and inhaled long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) combination medication.

A nurse should identify that dextromethorphan can have which of the following effects when combined with morphine?

Potentiation of depression of CNS actions Combining dextromethorphan with an opioid, such as morphine, increases the risk for decreased respirations and other depressed CNS responses.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis. The nurse should explain that these drugs are effective because they perform which of the following actions?

Prevent histamine from binding to receptors Antihistamines treat allergic rhinitis and reduce swelling by blocking histamine from binding to the receptor sites.

For which of the following reasons should a client attach a spacer to a metered-dose inhaler?

To increase the amount of drug delivered to the lungs A spacer increases the amount of drug that reaches the lungs.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of mucolytic to treat a cough. The nurse should include that a mucolytic has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Thins and loosens mucus Mucolytics make mucus less viscous to increase a cough's productivity.

A nurse is teaching a client about albuterol. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for and report which of the following as an adverse effect of this drug?

Palpitations Although not common at therapeutic doses, beta2 agonists can cause cardiac stimulation, resulting in chest pain, palpitations, hypertension, and arrhythmias.