The Respiratory System - Chapter 21-5 Enclosed by a pleural membrane, the lungs are paired organs containing alveoli, which permit gaseous exchange - Bronchial Tree

segmental bronchi

Also known as tertiary bronchi.

intrapulmonary

As the primary bronchi enter the lungs, they divide to form smaller passageways (Figure 21-6a). The branches within the lungs are collectively called the ___________ bronchi.

extrapulmonary

Because the left and right primary bronchi are outside the lungs, they are called _________ bronchi.

terminal bronchioles

Bronchioles further branch into the finest conducting branches, called _________.

anaphylaxis

Bronchoconstriction also occurs during allergic reactions such as __________, in response to histamine released by activated mast cells and basophils ___________is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen. After being exposed to a substance such as bee sting venom, the person's immune system becomes sensitized to it.

decreases

CLASS NOTES Change 1. Epithelium 2. Cartilage "C" --> frag-mental --> disappears 3. Muscle - increase as cartilage _______

epithelium change

CLASS NOTES Change 1. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 2. Simple Columnar Epithelium 3. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 4. Simple Squamous Epithelium

bronchitis

During a respiratory infection, the bronchi and bronchioles can become inflamed and constricted, increasing resistance. In this condition, called _________, the individual has difficulty breathing.

secondary

Each primary bronchus divides to form secondary bronchi, also known as lobar bronchi.

respiratory bronchioles

Each terminal bronchiole delivers air to a single pulmonary lobule. Within the lobule, the terminal bronchiole branches to form several _____________. The thinnest and most delicate branches of the bronchial tree, the ____________ deliver air to the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.

bronchioles

Each tertiary bronchus branches several times within the bronchopulmonary segment, giving rise to multiple ________.

3

In each lung, one secondary bronchus goes to each lobe, so the right lung has ______ secondary bronchi, and the left lung has two.

2

In each lung, one secondary bronchus goes to each lobe, so the right lung has three secondary bronchi, and the left lung has ___.

tertiary

In each lung, the secondary bronchi branch to form ______ bronchi, or segmental bronchi.

left and right

Primary Bronchi are split into the__________ primary bronchi.

lobar

Secondary bronchi, also known as.

asthma

Tension in the smooth muscles commonly throws the bronchiolar mucosa into a series of folds, limiting airflow; excessive stimulation, as in ____, can almost completely prevent airflow along the terminal bronchioles ______ is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways.

left lung

The ______ is longer than the right lung, because the diaphragm rises on the right side to accommodate the mass of the liver.

right lung

The _______ is broader than the left, because most of the heart and great ves- sels project into the left thoracic cavity.

bronchopulmonary segment

The branching pattern differs between the two lungs, but each tertiary bronchus ultimately supplies air to a single ___________, a specific region of one lung

2

The left lung has ___ lobes. - Superior - Inferior

8 or 9

The left lung has ______ bronchopulmonary segments.

Inferior

The left lung has two lobes. - Superior - _______

Superior

The left lung has two lobes. - _______ - Inferior

oblique fissure

The left lung only has two lobes—superior and inferior—separated by the _______.

bronchial tree

The primary bronchi and their branches form the _________.

10

The right lung has __ bronchopulmonary segments.

3

The right lung has __ lobes. - Superior - Middle - Inferior

Inferior

The right lung has three lobes. - Superior - Middle - _______

Middle

The right lung has three lobes. - Superior - _____ - Inferior

Superior

The right lung has three lobes. - ______ - Middle - Inferior

horizontal and oblique fissures

The right lung has three lobes—superior, middle, and inferior—separated by the ______________.

oblique fissure

The right lung has three lobes—superior, middle, and inferior—separated by the horizontal and ______.

horizontal

The right lung has three lobes—superior, middle, and inferior—separated by the horizontal and oblique fissures.

smooth muscle tissue

The walls of bronchioles, which lack cartilaginous sup- ports, are dominated by _____________.

bronchodilation

__________, the enlargement of airway diameter

bronchoconstriction

______________, a reduction in the diameter of the airway