The Respiratory System
The _________________ is a part of the brain that sends signals to the diaphragm, causing inhalation.
medulla
The external openings of the airway include which of the following features?
mouth nose
Which gases does the body inhale and exhale during respiration?
oxygen carbon dioxide
Arteries carry ___________________ blood away from the heart.
oxygen-rich
Hemoglobin is the part of ___________________ that attaches to oxygen and carbon dioxide on its way around the body.
red blood cells
Diffusion of oxygen into the lungs occurs when:
there is a low concentration of oxygen in the lungs.
Why does the air taken into the body need to be heated and humidified?
to protect the respiratory system
Which of the following is the main passage of air for the lungs?
trachea
Respiration occurs inside the ________.
lungs
The diaphragm muscle sits below the lungs and continuously expands and contracts. What happens in the chest cavity as a result of this expansion and contraction?
A change in air pressure occurs.
Read the scenarios below. Choose the scenario that could interfere with a person's ability to breathe freely.
A patient damages the diaphragm muscle.
What is the difference between inhalation and exhalation?
B. The body takes in oxygen during inhalation and releases carbon dioxide during exhalation.
Which vital processes occur during diffusion?
Cells receive more oxygen. Cells receive more nutrients.
Why does carbon dioxide need to be removed from the blood?
It can be harmful to cells.
What is the movement of gases into and out of the bloodstream called?
gas exchange
Which are the main components of the circulatory system?
heart blood vessels blood
Which of the following things will eventually happen if a person tries to hold his or her breath for too long? Select all that apply.
The brain will force the body to breathe. Carbon dioxide will be exhaled. The alveoli will send a signal to the brain.
What is it about the structure of the alveolar-capillary unit that makes diffusion possible? Select all that apply.
The cell wall of the alveoli is thin. The alveolar-capillary unit provides a large surface area.
What happens after the respiratory system moves oxygen into the blood?
The circulatory system moves the oxygen-rich blood around the entire body.
What do the epithelial cells do to the air that comes into the body? Select all that apply.
heat moisten filter
Which part of the red blood cell allows it to carry oxygen?
hemoglobin
Where does diffusion occur?
in the alveolar-capillary membrane
The contraction and expansion of the diaphragm during ventilation creates a change in what?
air pressure
The ____________________ allow air to reach the lungs.
airways
The heart pumps blood to ___________________.
all parts of the body
The amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen is measured by the body at the _________________________________.
alveolar-capillary membrane
When receptors in the ____________________ detect inhalation, they send signals back to the brain, which causes exhalation.
alveoli
Which of the following are types of blood vessels?
arteries veins capillaries
After passing through the trachea, air moves into the
bronchial tubes
When a person has been holding his or her breath for too long, the brain will force the person to breathe before a dangerous amount of ______________________ builds up in the bloodstream.
carbon dioxide
The _______________ is the muscle that expands and contracts, allowing air to fill the chest cavity.
diaphragm
Which are the three components of ventilation?
exhalation inhalation control of respiratory muscles
The process that allows oxygen into the bloodstream and removes carbon dioxide is called:
gas exchange
