the second half of metaphysics

Select which of the following is an example of equivocation.

"Man" predicated of Socrates and of a statue of Socrates.

Match the two senses of 'being' / 'is' with the sentence that best exemplifies them.

'Being' that is divided into the ten categories. --> "Socrates is human." 'Being' that signifies the truth of a proposition --> "Homer is blind."

How are intellectual substances (i.e., intelligences) distinguished from one another?

By their degree of potency and act—so that higher intelligences have less potency and more act, but lower intelligences have more potency and less act.

Parmenides discovered the idea of the analogy of being.

False

True or False, the following two premises necessitate a conclusion concerning Z and X? Every Y is X Some Z is not Y

False

True or False: "Cannonball" is a word, some part of which signifies separately.

False

True or False: God is in the genus, substance, and in the species, divine.

False

True or False: Grammar studies spoken words insofar as they signify concepts, but logic studies written words insofar as they signify spoken words.

False

True or False: Human nature as existing in singulars is a species.

False

True or False: In all things, taken as a whole, potency is always prior to its corresponding act.

False

True or False: Since humans are composed out of matter and form, each human is his/her own species.

False

True or False: The sentence, "If I am to get to work, I must drive my car," expresses absolute necessity.

False

True or False: Since God is his existence alone, God lacks all other perfections.

False God is existence alone, but his existence contains all other absolute perfections.

True or False: Geometry studies quantitative beings whose parts have no position in relation to each other.

False, that's a description of arithmetic, not geometry.

Match the following Five Ways (i.e., five arguments for the existence of God given by Aquinas in ST I, q. 2, a. 3) with the description of "God" used in that way.

First Way: Unmoved mover Second Way: First Agent / Efficient Cause Third Way: Being Necessary Through Itself Fourth Way: First Being, Good, Truth Fifth Way: Intellect Directing Nature

Match the operations of the intellect with the verbal expression corresponding to that operation.

First operation / simple apprehension --> "dog" Second operation / knowledge by composition and division / judgment --> "That dog is fat." Third operation / reasoning --> "If every dog is a mammal, and every mammal is an organism, then every dog is an organism."

Which of the following best describes Aquinas's general strategy for demonstrating the existence of God in each of the "five ways"?

First, he assumes a certain description of the word "God." Second, he proves that something matching that description must exist. Third, he concludes that God must exist.

Match the following with the description that most properly belongs to them.

Genus: Signifies the whole individual as a certain denomination determining that which is material in the thing without a determination of its proper form. Difference: Signifies the whole individual as a certain denomination taken from the determined form. Species: Signifies both what the genus signifies and what the difference signifies, but leaving indeterminate that by which individuals are individuated. Signate matter: The principle of individuation. That by which individuals are differentiated as individuals.

Match the following terms with the description that most essentially belongs to it.

Genus: What is predicable of multiple species. Species: What is predicable of multiple individuals. Specific difference: That by which species of the same genera are diverse. Accident: That by which individuals of the same species are diverse. Individual / singular: What is not predicable of anything else as a subject.

Which of the following best matches the notion of "being as desirable"?

Good

Match the following terms with the examples that best correspond to them in the president of the USA.

Matter --> A human over the age of 35 who is a citizen of USA and born in the USA Form --> The office/status of the chief executive End / final cause --> To govern America for four years by means of the executive branch Agent / efficient cause --> The electoral college

Match the following three sciences to the description of their object.

Natural science = Studies things by abstracting from individual matter, but not from sensible matter. Its objects depend on sensible matter both to be and to be defined. Mathematics = Studies things by abstracting from individual and sensible matter. It object depends on sensible matter to be, but not to be defined. Metaphysics = Studies things separate from all matter whatsoever.

Match the following three sciences with their subject.

Natural science = mobile being Mathematics = quantitative being Metaphysics = being in general ("being qua being")

Match the three ways of considering human nature with the sentence belonging to that kind of consideration.

Nature absolutely considered --> "Man is a rational animal." Nature as existing in singulars --> "Man is walking." Nature as existing in the consideration of the mind --> "Man is a species."

Which transcendental corresponds to the notion of "undivided being."

One

Match the following terms with the examples corresponding to them.

Primary substance (aka individual substance): Socrates Secondary substance (aka universal substance): Man Individual accident: this red Universal accident: red

Which of the following is not one of the ten categories?

PriorMatch the following terms with the description that most essentially belongs to it.

Match the following terms with their definition.

Secondary substance (aka universal substance): What is never present in a subject, but which is predicable of a subject. Primary substance (aka individual substance): What is neither present in a subject nor predicable of a subject. Universal accident: What is present in a subject and predicable of a subject. Individual accident: What is present in a subject, but not predicable of a subject.

Which of the following best defines a "transcendental" when we are speaking about the thought of Thomas Aquinas?

Something found in every category of being and belonging to everything within every category.

Which of the following words is not interchangeable with the others?

Substantial form

Which of the following best describes Aristotle's understanding of the Good?

There is a separate Good that is the principle of the motion of the universe as a king is the principle of the motions of an army. Moreover, "good" doesn't mean just one thing, but is found in all ten categories according to slightly different senses.

Match the following terms with the description that best fits them.

substantial form = that from which a thing has substantial being (esse substantiale) matter = What has being from what comes to it, but of itself has only incomplete being. subject = What does not have complete being from what comes from it, but what has complete being per se accident / accidental form = That by which a thing has accidental being (esse accidentale)

Match the following words with their synonym.

substantial form = form of the part nature = essence signate matter = matter under determinate dimensions

Match the following syllogisms with their traditional name.

Barbara: 1. Every B is A. 2. Every C is B. 3. Thus, every C is A. Celarent 1. No B is A. 2. Every C is B. 3. Thus, no C is A. Darii 1. Every B is A. 2. Some C is B. 3. Thus, some C is A. Ferio 1. No B is A. 2. Some C is B. 3. Thus, some C is not A

Read the following paragraph and then rank the phrases or words from those corresponding to the highest genus (1) to the most specific difference (3). A hammer is a hand tool with a dense head attached to the handle at a right angle. A screw driver is a hand tool with a long, thin stem and shaped head for rotating screws. A drill is a power tool with a rotating input for various metal bits.

1. Tool 2. Hand 3. with a dense head attached to the handle at a right angle

What distinguishes a simple substance from a composite substance?

A composite substance has a quiddity composed of matter and form, but a simple substance has form only in its quiddity.

Match the following terms to the proper way in which the things signified by these terms are defined.

Accident (aka "passion") signified concretely: Genus taken from its subject, which is an already existing thing Accident signified abstractly: Genus taken from mode of existing, but difference taken from the principles of the accident in the subject Composite substance: Genus taken from matter, but difference taken from proper form.

Match the following kinds of accidents with the examples from the text.

Accident consequent on form without communication with matter --> understanding Accident consequent on form with communication with matter --> sensation Accident consequent on matter from order of matter to a specific form --> masculine/male, feminine/female Accident consequent on matter from order to form in general --> color (e.g., blackness in skin)

Which of the following is not one of the ten categories?

Being

The separate substances (i.e., the first cause, the intelligences, and the soul) are called "separate" because of their separation from which kind of matter?

All matter

Which of the following best describes Plato's understanding of the Good?

Just as the Sun is the principle of the generation and visibility of all visible things, so too, the Good is an invisible form, which is the principle for the being and intelligibility of all knowable things.

Match the following with the example corresponding to them.

To be simply (esse simpliciter) / substantial being (esse substantiale) --> That a man is. Form --> soul Matter --> Sperm and egg Subject --> Socrates To be in a certain respect (esse secundum quid) / accidental being (esse accidentale) --> That a man is white. Accident --> Whiteness

A chain of per accidens causes can go on to infinity.

True

For St. Thomas, God is not the only necessary being.

True

True or False: 'Body' sometimes signifies a genus in the category, substance, and sometimes it signifies an accidental form in the category, quantity.

True

True or False: 'Humanity' signifies body, but not this body.

True

True or False: 'Subject' properly speaking names something that already exists whereas 'matter' properly speaking names something that exists only in potency, but 'subject' and 'matter' are broadly speaking interchangeable words.

True

True or False: A rock intends to move to the center of gravity.

True

True or False: God's essence is his existence alone.

True

True or False: Having three dimensions is an accidental perfection in the genus quantity, which is called 'body.'

True

True or False: If the process of procreation through sexual intercourse is a process of generation, and the end of generation is a form, then the end of the process of human procreation through sexual intercourse is the human soul.

True

True or False: Julius Caesar's corpse was not male properly speaking.

True

True or False: Of the ten categories, the last nine only contain accidents.

True

True or False: Socrates is not his essence, but a simple thing is its essence.

True

True or False: That from which generation begins must not be the thing which is later generated, but, that from which generation begins must not be a non-being simply speaking.

True

True or False: The matter in reference to which a substantial form is defined does not have existence in itself (i.e., does not subsist), but the matter in reference to which an accidental form is defined does subsist of itself.

True

True or False: The reason a proposition is self-evident or not has to do with the way in which the subject and predicate of that proposition are related to each other.

True

Which of the following transcendental best matches the notion of "being as knowable."

True

True or False: A genus signifies the whole thing, matter and form.

True the body signifies the whole thing, matter and form, indeterminately.

Match the following with their description.

Univocal predication (aka synonymous): When the same name is predicated of distinct things according to the same definition/meaning. Equivocal predication (aka homonymous): When the same name is predicated of distinct things according to different definitions/meanings. Derivative predication (aka paronymous):When something gets a name from something else with a difference in the ending/termination of the name. (E.g., the courageous person is gets his/her name from courage in this way.)

Which of the following is not a substance.

Virtue

Which of the following best describes Aquinas's view about the ways we can predicate about God?

We can name God negatively, relatively, or substantially. When we name him substantially, it is because creatures are a likeness of God and our concepts are likenesses of creatures. So, our names which signify our concepts, signify a likeness of God.

Which of the following best summarizes the argument of the Fourth Way (Quarta Via)?

Whenver there is more or less in some kind of thing, there is a maximum in that kind, which is the cause of the rest. But there are somethings more good, being, and true than other things. Therefore, there is a highest good, being, and truth, which is the cause of all beings, goods, and truths. This highest being is what we mean by "God." Therefore, God exists.

By which kind of accident do individuals of the same species differ from one another?

accidents consequent on matter

Match the following intellectual habits with the description that best fits them.

opinion = habit of holding to a proposition being true when that proposition is either not necessary in itself or when the one holding to that proposition does not know why it is necessary understanding = knowledge of a self-evident truth science = knowledge of a necessary, but non-self-evident truth by means of necessary self-evident truths error = a false opinion fallacy = a bad habit of reasoning from one belief to another