The Shoulder Region Injury

Shoulder Separation

Acromioclavicular sprain/dislocation can also be called shoulder separation. The injury occurs by downward blow on the acromion process. Type 1 - Partial tearing of the joint capsule. - Patient presents with point tenderness at the joint capsule. Type 2 - Full disruption of the joint capsule. - With incomplete tearing of the coracoclavicular ligament - The acromion can be depressed if the patient is asked to hold a heavy weight. Type 3 - Full disruption of the joint capsule, and the coracoclavicular ligament. - This creates a step deformity, and the deformity only disappears when the weight of the upper limb is fully supported.

Reverse Bankart Tear

Although rare, results in a tear along the posterior lip of the labrum, and it is characterized by clunking sensations during shoulder movement.

Breast Cancer

Most common form of invasive cancer in the female population resulting in half a million annual deaths worldwide. Most common effects the glandular cells within the lobules or epithelial lining of the ductile system. Which may metastasized into other areas of the body. Breast may adhere to the pectoralis fasica, and the breast will not move during shoulder abduction.

Shoulder Dislocation

Shoulder dislocation occur exclusively at the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder dislocation is common due to the instability of the joint. Humeral typically dislocates anterior and inferior. Lack of step deformity, and prominence of the acromion process.

Rotator Cuff Tears

Supraspinatus most commonly affected muscle in a rotator cuff tear. Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon tearing occurs during a fall on a outstretched hand.

Clavicular Fracture

The clavicle is the most common broken bone of the body due to it's superficial location and curvature creating a structural weakness along the shaft. Clavicular fracture creates a step deformity. Can be repaired using surgical plates and screws.

Bankart Lesion

Occurs during antroinferior shoulder dislocations where the humeral head pulls the antroinferior portion of the labrum away from the glenoid fossa.

Glenoid Labrum Tear

Upward force through the shaft of the humeral presses the humeral head to the superior rim of the labrum this can result in tearing called a SLAP tear. ( Superior Labral Anterior Posterior) Very common in throwing sports like baseball. Most likely due to the excessive torque on the long head of the biceps brachii muscle, and it attaches to the superior rim of the glenloid labrum