Theory II Final Review

Which three questions are posed in the critical incident approach to reflection and self-assessment? "What?" "So what?" and "Now what?" "Who?" "What?" and "Where?" "When?" "Why" and "Where?" "How?" "How much?" "How often?"

"What?" "So what?" and "Now what?"

What is the optimal level of fluoride concentration in community drinking water currently advised by the US Department of Health and Human services for caries prevention?

0.7 ppm

Smoking tobacco through a water-cooled hookah device for 45 -60 minutes is equivalent to inhaling ____ to ___ times the volume of smoke from one cigarette.

100; 200

Your patient has just informed you that his previous hygienist told him that swishing vigorously would get the antibacterial rinse into his 5-mm pockets. How far subgingivally can rinsing deliver an agent? 8 mm 6 mm 4 mm 2 mm

2 mm

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. Parotid gland enlargement usually occurs how many days after a binge? 1 to 2 days 2 to 3 days 2 to 6 days 7 to 9 days

2 to 6 days

When performing the PSR, you need not probe the remaining teeth in a sextant when a code of __________ is found. 1 2 3 4

4

When air polishing is used, the orifice of the handpiece nozzle is kept in a constant circular motion, with the nozzle tip at what distance from the enamel surface? Touching the enamel surface 1 to 2 mm away from the enamel surface 4 to 5 mm away from the enamel surface 6 to 8 mm away from the enamel surface It should not be used on enamel surfaces.

4 to 5 mm away from the enamel surface

According to our Wilkin's textbook, in the United States, there has been a reduction in caries incidence of _____________ since 1945 for those with community water fluoridation. 5-10% 10-15% 20-30% 40-60% 70-80%

40-60%

Recolonization of a periodontal pocket without daily dental biofilm control may recur in an average of how many days? 2 days 4 days 22 days 24 days 42 days

42 days

Individuals who engage in self-induced vomiting have __________ times greater risk of dental erosion. 2 3 4 5

5

The normal pH of oral saliva is: Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body but can become demineralized and eventually cavitated if repeatedly exposed to this low pH environment:

7; 5.0

Which of the following patients will most likely not require frequent continuing care intervals? Diabetic patients Mentally disabled persons Orthodontic patients Persons with rampant dental caries A healthy pregnant patient

A healthy pregnant patient

A) Dental hypersensitivity is easy to diagnose because the presenting symptoms are always the same as the etiologies. B) Management of hypersensitivity can be a challenge because there are numerous treatment approaches with varying degrees of efficacy. Statement A is true and statement B is false. Statement A is false and statement B is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

A is false. B is true.

A) Patients who comply with regular periodontal maintenance (PM) intervals have more attachment and tooth loss. B) Evidence suggests it is optimal for patients with a history of periodontal disease to be seen four times a year to decrease the risk for disease progression. Statement A is true and statement B is false. Statement A is false and statement B is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

A is false; B is true

A) MI has been applied successfully within many health professions. B) It explains the clinician's own ideals for behavior change onto the patient. Statement A is true and statement B is false. Statement A is false and statement B is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

A is true. B is false

A) Severe deficiencies are rare in developed countries. B) Nutritional deficiencies cause periodontal disease. Statement A is true and statement B is false. Statement A is false and statement B is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

A is true; B is false

Using the acronym PACE with MI, the "A" stands for which of the following? Assessing Approving Acceptance None of these are correct.

Acceptance

Contraindications for air polishing may include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? Select all that apply: Respiratory disease End-stage renal disease Communicable infection that can contaminate the aerosols produced Alcoholism Pregnancy Soft, spongy gingiva

Alcoholism

The dental hygienist realizes that this is the third patient this week who has complained about the length of time taken for scaling and root planing. After consulting with other hygienists, she learns that she is spending much longer on this procedure than they are. She determines that she is taking too much time on this procedure. These statements are an example of which step in the critical incident approach to reflection and self-assessment? Description Analysis Application Documentation

Analysis

__________ has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder. PTSD Bulimia Bipolar Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following includes all of the components in the dental hygiene process of care in proper order and should be followed with the continuing care appointment? Plan, implement, assess, evaluate, decide, and determine Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate, and document Investigate, assess, plan, implement, evaluate, and calculate Evaluate, interview, implement, plan, record, and dismiss

Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate and document

What is the most widely accepted method of toothbrushing determined to be most effective in the removal of dental biofilm adjacent to, and directly beneath the gingival margin? Roll technique Bass method Charters method Stillman method Fones technique

Bass method

What pH level is the critical level for demineralization of enamel? Below 5.5 Above 5.5 0 1 3.5

Below 5.5

Zachary Tyler is a 24-year-old male. He presents at the dental office for a prophylaxis and exam. A review of the medical and dental histories establishes that he is taking no medication. He reports that his last dental visit was 6 years ago. His social history reveals that he has been using smokeless tobacco for 5 years and has recently starting smoking cigarettes. While Claire, the RDH, performs the intra- and extraoral exam, she observes a white filmy patch on the right side of Zachary's oral mucosa. Tooth abrasion is noted on the cervical areas of teeth #24, #25, and #26, as well as localized gingival recession with periodontal attachment loss on the facial surfaces of teeth #6, #7, #8, and #24. Claire advises Zachary to have which of the following procedures to determine whether the white lesions are cancer? Prophylaxis Biopsy Pulp test Photograph

Biopsy

What is primarily noted as a part of periodontal probing? Changes in tissue color Bleeding points Biofilm score Residual calculus deposits

Bleeding points

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. What is the eating disorder that Beth has? Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa purging type Anxiety disorder Bulimia nervosa nonpurging type

Bulimia nervosa purging type

Nancy, a 67-year-old woman, comes into the dental office for a routine prophylaxis and exam. She has not been seen in the office for just over 1 year and states that she has had her grandchildren staying with her, which has made it hard for her to make an appointment. Nancy has 12 teeth present in her mouth and states that she has not been wearing her partials because they do not fit very well. The hygienist notes that she has angular cheilosis and heavy biofilm accumulation. Upon further questioning, Nancy reveals that it is hard for her to chew without her partials so she has been eating a soft diet. The dental hygienist decides to complete a dietary assessment with Nancy. When she returns the 3-day record it is evident that Nancy is primarily eating breads, cakes, soups, ice cream, and yogurt since she has trouble chewing. Nancy has also indicated drinking five cans of soda daily. What food can be eaten after sweets to prevent the decrease in pH and production of acids? Granola bar Yogurt Whole grain breads Cheese

Cheese

Which of the following is not a true statement concerning environmental tobacco smoke and children? Nicotine and carbon monoxide cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Adverse risks during pregnancy include miscarriage and low birth weight. Cleft lip and cleft palate have also been associated with maternal smoking. Chemicals are not passed through breast milk in mothers who smoke. Young children exposed to ETS are at an increased risk for asthma.

Chemicals are not passed through breast milk in mothers who smoke.

A formal approach used to evaluate dental hygiene practice that takes the form of answering questions about a specific situation is which of the following? Dental hygiene process of care Standard of care Critical incident approach Summative evaluation

Critical incident approach

All of the following are expected dental caries risk outcomes after dental hygiene interventions, except: no new cavitated lesions. demineralized/noncavitated areas resolved. reduced intake of cariogenic foods/beverages decreased fluoride use.

Decreased fluoride use

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. Beth indicates that she is seeing a doctor for her eating disorder. What dental advice should the hygienist give her? Have more frequent dental prophylaxis. Brush teeth as much as possible. Avoid mouthrinses with fluoride. Do not brush teeth after vomiting.

Do not brush teeth after vomiting

When users of nicotine products stop abruptly, within 24 hours they will likely experience maximal physical and/or psychological withdrawal symptoms that may include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? Insomnia Drowsiness Restlessness Increased appetite/weight gain Anxiety

Drowsiness

Which of the following is not an outcome of periodontal maintenance? Resolve inflammation Eliminate BOP Eliminate clinical attachment levels Arrest disease progression

Eliminate clinical attachment levels

Orthorexia Nervosa is a pathologic approach to eating characterized by a focus on the quality of food choices resulting in negative effects on health. Symptoms of this eating disorder include: (Select all that apply) Consumption of non food items such as clay, gum or ice Elimination of entire food groups Frequent cleansing or detoxifying Uncontrolled binging Severe restriction of caloric intake Impairment of social, academic of vocational functioning

Elimination of entire food groups, Frequent cleansing or detoxifying, Impairment of social, academic of vocational functioning

Which of the following is the code 1 description in the PSR? Black band on probe partially hidden by gingival margin. Entire black band is visible, but calculus is present. Entire black band of the probe is visible. Entire black band of the probe is visible, but bleeding is present after gentle probing.

Entire black band of the probe is visible, but bleeding is present after gentle probing.

A systematic determination of worth, value, or significance is which of the following? Evaluation Visual inspection Standard of care Self-assessment

Evaluation

True or False? Oxygenating agents alters bacterial cell membrane, decreasing permeability. True False

False

Nancy, a 67-year-old woman, comes into the dental office for a routine prophylaxis and exam. She has not been seen in the office for just over 1 year and states that she has had her grandchildren staying with her, which has made it hard for her to make an appointment. Nancy has 12 teeth present in her mouth and states that she has not been wearing her partials because they do not fit very well. The hygienist notes that she has angular cheilosis and heavy biofilm accumulation. Upon further questioning, Nancy reveals that it is hard for her to chew without her partials so she has been eating a soft diet. The dental hygienist decides to complete a dietary assessment with Nancy. When she returns the 3-day record it is evident that Nancy is primarily eating breads, cakes, soups, ice cream, and yogurt since she has trouble chewing. Nancy has also indicated drinking five cans of soda daily. Angular cheilosis can be a sign of what nutrient deficiency? Niacin Vitamin D Vitamin C Folate Magnesium

Folate

Collecting information during any dental hygiene appointment, such as a patient's need for pain control, is an example of which type of evaluation? Formative Ongoing Immediate Summative

Formative

Nancy, a 67-year-old woman, comes into the dental office for a routine prophylaxis and exam. She has not been seen in the office for just over 1 year and states that she has had her grandchildren staying with her, which has made it hard for her to make an appointment. Nancy has 12 teeth present in her mouth and states that she has not been wearing her partials because they do not fit very well. The hygienist notes that she has angular cheilosis and heavy biofilm accumulation. Upon further questioning, Nancy reveals that it is hard for her to chew without her partials so she has been eating a soft diet. The dental hygienist decides to complete a dietary assessment with Nancy. When she returns the 3-day record it is evident that Nancy is primarily eating breads, cakes, soups, ice cream, and yogurt since she has trouble chewing. Nancy has also indicated drinking five cans of soda daily. Nancy is only eating nutrients from the grains and dairy groups on the MyPlate food diagram. What other groups should she be eating from? Vegetables only Protein only Fruits, vegetables, and protein Fruits and vegetables only

Fruits, vegetables and protein

Which of the following is a bleeding index? GBI DMFT DMFS None of these are correct.

GBI

Dr. Brett examined and evaluated the gingiva of the 9:00 am patient; first bleeding was recorded, and then the color and contour were assessed. The teeth were then divided into facial, lingual, mesial, and distal surfaces. The scores from these four areas were added, then divided by the number of surfaces. Which index is Dr. Brett using? PSR DMFT RCI GI

GI

Air-powder polishing systems use air, water, and which of the following ingredients in a controlled spray that propels the particles to the tooth surface? Select all that apply: Glycine Erythritol Sodium Bicarbonate Iron oxide Aluminum Trihydroxide

Glycine, Erythritol, Sodium Bicarbonate, Aluminum Trihydroxide

Which of the following nicotine delivery/replacement therapies are approved smoking cessation methods for the treatment of nicotine addiction? (Select all that apply) Gum Patches Water pipes Electronic cigarettes Lozenges Nasal spays Inhalers

Gum, Patches, Lozenges, Nasal sprays, Inhalers,

Within the process of dental hygiene care, the needs of a patient are assessed on the basis of which of the following? Initial instruction session Histories and clinical findings Preventative care plan Health education

Historiesandclinicalfindings

Which of the following statements represents a high level of commitment? I'll think about it. I plan to. I intend to. I hope to.

I intend to

A rare condition that results from accidental collection of air in the soft tissues is known as _____. obstructive pulmonary disease iatrogenic facial emphysema Addison's disease metabolic alkalosis

Iatrogenic facial emphysema

Which of the following is a true statement regarding environmental tobacco smoke? Individuals exposed to environmental tobacco smoke are at risk for the same health problems as are active smokers. Individuals exposed to environmental tobacco smoke are at a decreased risk for the same health problems as are active smokers. Individuals exposed to environmental tobacco smoke are at an increased risk for the same health problems as are active smokers. A nonsmoker may be less sensitive to the toxic effects of environmental smoke than the habitual smoker.

Individuals exposed to environmental tobacco smoke are at risk for the same health problems as are active smokers.

Air polishing posttreatment precautions/measures/instructions include all of the following, except: Apply a beneficial neutral sodium fluoride treatment Instruct the patient to wait 1 hour before rinsing their mouth with cool water Avoid smoking Advise the patient to avoid highly colored food/drink for about 3 hou

Instruct the patient to wait 1 hour before rinsing their mouth with cool water

The incidence of gingivitis has found to be greatest in what area? Posterior palatal tissues Anterior facial tissues Gingival margin Interdental tissues

Interdental tissues

Which type of outcome evaluation is best for determining the success of factors associated with patient comfort during treatment, patient understanding of recommendations and self-care instructions, or effectiveness of clinician's communication approaches? Visual inspection Tactile evaluation Interview evaluation Periodontal probing

Interview evaluation

All of the following statements concerning triclosan are true, except: it is a bisphenol. it is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive viruses. it has low toxicity. it causes bacteriolysis.

It is effective agains both Gram-negative and Gram-positive viruses

Which of the following is true of patients with pica? The patient may have nutritional deficiencies. Pica is defined as engaging in persistent eating of ice for at least 1 month. It typically occurs in adults. It can be treated with nutritional planning.

It typically occurs in adults

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. Which surface of teeth most often shows signs of perimylolysis in a patient who has bulimia? Maxillary anterior linguals Mandibular anterior linguals Maxillary posterior buccals Mandibular occlusals

Maxillary anterior linguals

There are many advantages to air-powder polishing. All of the following are advantages except one. Which one is the exception? Stain and biofilm removal from orthodontically banded teeth Removal of heavy chlorhexidine staining Can be used prior to sealant placement More risk to cementum and dentin Requires less time by the clinician

More risk to cementum and dentin

Which dental index evaluates both debris and calculus and examines the facial surfaces of teeth 3, 8, 14, and 24 and the lingual surfaces of 19 and 30? OHI-S GI Pl I Plaque-free score

OHI-S

Which of the following are plaque indices? GI S-EEC RCI TSIF OHI-S, PHP, and Biofilm Index

OHI-S, PHP, and Biofilm Index

At the follow-up visit the patient's diary is evaluated for all of the following, except: eating patterns. consumption and frequency of fermentable carbohydrates. nutritional adequacy. oral habits related to nutrition.

Oral habits related to nutrition

A dental hygienist wants to do a series of presentations on oral hygiene and plaque control aids. Which index would assist her in monitoring oral hygiene performance? Root Caries Index (RCI) DMFT Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis

Patient hygiene performance (PHP)

All of the following are reasons to refer to the periodontist, except: patient presents with uncommon periodontal disease. patient presents with pocket depths no greater than 4 mm. patient presents with recurrent periodontal abscesses. patient presents with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

Patient presents with pocket depths no greater than 4 mm

The following statements are true of air polishing, except: Indications for air polishing have expanded from supragingival to subgingival. In pockets up to 5 mm, air polishing is more effective than curets in removing subgingival biofilm. Patients generally perceive erythritol-based air polishing to be less comfortable than hand instrumentation. Air polishing does not remove calculus deposits.

Patients generally perceive erythritol-based air polishing to be less comfortable than hand instrumentation

Which group has the highest rate of periodontal disease? People with a low body mass index People at a healthy weight People with a high body mass index Older patients with large weight circumference

People with a high body mass index

A dental hygienist wants to study the extent of a group of patients' risk for root caries diseases. Which index would help her? PHP GI OHI-S RCI

RCI

Deficiencies in which of the following nutrients can result in the oral manifestation of angular cheilosis? Select all that apply: Riboflavin Iron Cobalamin Pyridoxine Folate Vitamin K

Riboflavin, Iron, Cobalamin, Pyridoxine, Folate

Deficiencies in which of the following nutrients can result in the oral manifestation of glossitis? Select all that apply: Riboflavin Vitamin E Niacin Folate Phorphorous Magnesium

Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate

Nancy, a 67-year-old woman, comes into the dental office for a routine prophylaxis and exam. She has not been seen in the office for just over 1 year and states that she has had her grandchildren staying with her, which has made it hard for her to make an appointment. Nancy has 12 teeth present in her mouth and states that she has not been wearing her partials because they do not fit very well. The hygienist notes that she has angular cheilosis and heavy biofilm accumulation. Upon further questioning, Nancy reveals that it is hard for her to chew without her partials so she has been eating a soft diet. The dental hygienist decides to complete a dietary assessment with Nancy. When she returns the 3-day record it is evident that Nancy is primarily eating breads, cakes, soups, ice cream, and yogurt since she has trouble chewing. Nancy has also indicated drinking five cans of soda daily. Until her partial can be repaired, what can Nancy do to prevent caries? Rinse vigorously with fluoridated water after eating cariogenic food. Use a mouthrinse after every meal. Stop eating soft foods. Continue drinking five cans of soda daily.

Rinse vigorously with fluoridated water after eating cariogenic food

Which method(s) of toothbrushing is/are sometimes taught to young children when they have difficulty mastering a sulcular brushing technique? Select all that apply. Charter's Roll Stroke Stillman's Fones

Roll stroke, Fones

Which of the following can assist the dental hygienist to determine a need to enhance specific clinical skills and abilities or develop a plan for continuing education that supports personal professional goals? Interview evaluation Self-assessment Immediate evaluation Tactile evaluation

Self-assessment

What type of food can encourage biofilm accumulation? High calorie Fibrous Soft, sticky Food made with artificial sweeteners

Soft, sticky

Cariogenic foods listed in the dietary analysis recording form should be categorized as: solid or artificial. natural, liquid, or solid. highly cariogenic or no risk. solid, liquid, or slowly dissolving.

Solid, liquid, or slowly dissolving

Collecting personal, dental, and health history information pertains to which standard for delivery of dental hygiene care as defined by the ADHA Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice? Standard 1: Assessment Standard 3: Planning Standard 5: Evaluation Standard 6: Documentation

Standard 1: Assessment

Analysis and critical decision making best describe which standard for delivery of dental hygiene care as defined by the ADHA Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice? Standard 2: Dental Hygiene Diagnosis Standard 4: Implementation Standard 5: Evaluation Standard 6: Documentation

Standard 2: Dental Hygiene Diagnosis

Which ADHA standard relates to identifying, prioritizing, and sequencing interventions? Standard 1: Assessment Standard 2: Dental Hygiene Diagnosis Standard 3: Planning Standard 4: Implementation

Standard 3: Planning

Criteria or protocols that define the minimal quality of care required to defend against a legal dispute against the practice of one's profession are known as which of the following? Formative evaluation Standard of care Objectives Outcomes assessment

Standard of care

What are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)? Caloric recommendations based on activity level Standards reflecting adequate nutrient intake for healthy individuals References for the amount of vitamins and minerals needed daily Guidelines on how to lose weight and be more active

Standards reflecting adequate nutrient intake for healthy individuals

All of the following are true concerning quaternary ammonium compounds, except: they are anionic agents. they rupture cell walls. they alter cytoplasm. they have low substantivity.

They are anionic agents

When sharpening the lateral sides of a sickle using a stationary instrument technique, which of the following is true? The face of the instrument is positioned so that it is parallel to the floor. A face-to-stone angle of about 70 degrees is established. The stone is moved in an up-and-down motion ending in an up motion. Place more pressure on the up stroke.

The face of the instrument is positioned so that it is parallel to the floor.

Which of the following is not a possible barrier to successful counseling? The patient is agreeable to change. The patient's cultural and religious patterns The patient's financial considerations The patient's limited knowledge

The patient is agreeable to change

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of dental hygiene continuing care? Evaluation by the dentist To determine dental hygiene goals To continue the healthy state attained during active therapy Implementation of the dental hygiene care by the hygienist

To continue the healthy state attained during active therapy

The FDA has approved bupropion SR and varenicline as non-nicotine pharmacotherapies for tobacco cessation. True False

True

Deficiencies in which of the following nutrients can result in the oral manifestation of candidiasis? Select all that apply: Vitamin A Vitamin K Vitamin C Folate Iron and Zinc

Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Folate, Iron and Zinc

Delayed wound healing can be caused by what vitamin and mineral deficiency? Riboflavin and vitamin B12 Folate, niacin, and thiamin Vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium Vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and dietary calcium

Vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and dietary calcium

Deficiencies in which of the following nutrients can result in the oral manifestation of inflamed bleeding gingiva? Select all that apply: Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin C B vitamins Vitamin A

Vitamin K, Vitamin C, B vitamins

Which sugar substitute can promote remineralization? Sorbitol Xylitol Sucralose Aspartame

Xylitol

Which of the following is not an extraoral sign of tobacco use? Halitosis A greenish discoloration of the fingertips and/or fingernails Extensive facial wrinkling Possible precancerous lip lesions

a greenish discoloration of the fingertips and/or fingernails

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by: a sense of entitlement. abuse. escapism. All of these are correct.

abuse

Which of the following ingredients in a commercial mouthwash enhances flavor impact and contributes to cleansing? Alcohol Surfactant Preservative All of these are correct.

alcohol

The purpose of a dietary assessment includes all of the following, except: analyzing the diet to prevent obesity. studying the patient's food habits and snacking patterns. identifying the patient who may be at a nutritional and oral health risk. determining the overall consistency of the diet.

analyzing the diet to prevent obesity

What are the "5 A's" of a tobacco cessation program? Arrange, ask, assess, argue, advise Ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange Ask, advise, assess, angle, arrange Advise, argue, awful habit, advise Ask, allocate, arrange, avenge, assess

ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange

A) Cariogenic foods consumed after brushing and flossing before bedtime are not cleared readily because salivary flow decreases during sleep. B) Cariogenic liquids are removed from the teeth in relatively less time than are solids. Statement A is true and statement B is false. Statement A is false and statement B is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

both are true

A) The hydrodynamic theory states that a stimulus at the outer aspect of dentin causes fluid movement within the dentinal tubules. B) Developed by Brannstrom in the 1960s, the hydrodynamic theory is the currently accepted explanation for transmission of stimuli from the outer surface of dentin to the pulp. Statement A is true and statement B is false. Statement A is false and statement B is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

both are true

Studies show a positive correlation between the number of drugs taken and the incidence and severity of xerostomia. More than 80% of adults in the United States routinely take at least one medication daily, and 35% take at least five. Both statements are true The first statement is true and the second statement is false The first statement is false and the second statement is true Both statements are false

both are true

In analyzing a food diary, firm and fibrous foods include: pretzels. broccoli and carrots. whole grain bread. cupcakes.

broccoli and carrots

The treatment of disease by means of chemical substances or pharmaceutical agents is commonly seen in dentistry. What do you call a chemical that is used for therapeutic reasons in the treatment of disease? Humectant Astringent Irrigant Chemotherapeutic Detergent

chemotherapeutic

What effect does tobacco use by parents have on their children? Children of smokers are less likely to use tobacco. Children of tobacco users are more likely to die before the age they would use tobacco. Children of smokers are more likely to become smokers. Children of smokers are more likely to use spit tobacco. There is no appreciable difference in children of smokers and nonsmokers.

children of smokers are more likely to become smokers

Your patient just had periodontal surgery a week ago. She was instructed to use a chlorhexidine rinse each night before bed immediately after brushing. What, if anything, is wrong with these instructions? Nothing, the instructions are correct and recommended. Chlorhexidine should never be used before bed. Chlorhexidine should not be used immediately after brushing. Chlorhexidine is not recommended for patients having periodontal surgery. Chlorhexidine is only used by a professional in a dental office.

chlorhexidine should not be used immediately after brushing

What is the most effective antimicrobial and antigingivitis agent available for clinical use? Chlorhexidine Acidulated phosphate fluoride Essential oils Stannous fluoride Oxygenating agent

chlorohexidine

Which of the following is not a term used to describe spit tobacco? Smokeless tobacco Snuff Chewing tobacco Quid Cigarettes

cigarettes

All of the following are steps in a preventive care program, except: create the setting. implement interventions. educate about oral disease. Identify an approach that will motivate the patient.

create the settign

Which index is only used with groups who have primary teeth? OHI-S Pl I DMFT def

def

Phenolic compounds do which of the following? Disrupt the bacterial cell wall Interfere with bacterial glycolysis Promote oral wound healing Reduce caries Inhibit alcohol absorption

disrupt bacterial cell wall

The study of health and disease in populations is: prevalence. epidemiology. validity. reliability.

epidemiology

Recommended treatment plans usually suggest use of air polishing after periodontal instrumentation is completed. Air polishing should not be used in pockets greater than 4 mm until the epithelium has healed. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

first is false; second is true

Erythritol powder is safe on a variety of restorative materials. Erythritol powder is not effective on titanium surfaces of dental implants. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

first is true; second is false

Which one of the following types of stain is considered an intrinsic stain? Coffee stain Tobacco stain Fluorosis Black-line stain

fluorosis

The term cariogenic refers to: a condition resulting from a lack of vitamins. poor nourishment resulting from an improper diet. foods that lower the pH and are conducive to dental caries. foods that encourage remineralization.

foods that lower the pH and are conducive to dental caries

Evidence suggests patients with a history of periodontal disease need to be seen __________ times a year to decrease the risk for progression of the disease. two three four six

four

In 2004, 150 new cases of squamous cell carcinoma were reported among a group of 5,000 seniors examined in a county. This is an example of: prevalence. reliability. incidence. morbidity.

incidence

In the State of Utah, under the [Blank1] supervision of a dentist, licensed dental hygienists may administer in accordance with standards and ethics of the professions of dentistry and dental hygiene, local anesthesia; or nitrous oxide analgesia.

indirect

Several mechanisms promote desensitization naturally over time. Which mechanism does not belong in this group? Mineral deposition within tubules from traumatic stimuli Dentin deposited on the floor and roof of pulp chamber by odontoblasts Organic debris covering the dentinal surface Iontophoresis of minerals into the tubules Inorganic debris that covers the tubules

iontophoresis of minerals into the tubules

[Blank] symptom of deep starvation, is characterized by a soft, downy, fine hair that grows mainly on the arms, chest, back and face of individuals with eating disorders. The body grows this soft downy, fine hair as a means of insulating itself to maintain body temperature as fat stores are depleted. It is most commonly seen in patients with anorexia nervosa.

lanugo

Chlorhexidine is safe and effective for use in all of the following, except: biofilm control and prevention. reducing Streptococcus mutans. long-term therapy for individuals with poor home care. inhibiting and reducing the development of gingivitis. postsurgical enhanced would healing.

long-term therapy for individuals with poor home care

Xerostomia is one of the fastest-growing oral health concerns in North America, affecting between 10%-38% of the population. A patient's use of multiple [Blank] is the cause of more than 90% of xerostomia cases.

medications

The clinician comments, "You know you can quit smoking if you have something to assist with quitting. You mentioned using patches or medications in assisting." This is an example of use of which of the following? Readiness Ruler Mobilizing Change Talk Mimicking Change Talk None of these are correct.

mobilizing change talk

Opiorphin is a chemical compound recently identified in saliva. It has been found to have a painkilling effect greater than that of ________________________________. Aspirin Morphine Tylenol Oxycodone

morphine

What is the most addictive substance in tobacco? The tobacco itself Pesticides Nicotine Formaldehyde Hydrogen cyanide

nicotine

A refractory case is one that is: often undiagnosed. not responsive to usual treatment. seen twice a year. All of these are correct.

not responsive to usual treatment

The "advise" component of the 5 A's includes which of the following? Patients should refrain from tobacco use. The provider collects data regarding tobacco use. The team discusses concerns relating to cessation. Ask the patient, "Are you ready to quit?"

patients should refrain from tobacco use

Which of the following is not true for the clinical treatment of tobacco users? Patients who use tobacco have less calculus buildup. Patients who use tobacco have more stain. Patients who use tobacco usually require longer and more frequent appointments. Immaculate oral hygiene is required for this high-risk group. Self-care for daily dental biofilm removal is a first priority.

patients who use tobacco have less calculus buildup

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. What is the chemical erosion of tooth surface by acid from regurgitation called? Lanugo Prodrome Perimylolysis Euphoria

periomylolysis

Which one of the following prescription medications can be used to treat/manage xerostomia? Pilocarpine Antihistamines Anticholinergics Tricyclic antidepressants

pilocarpine

Smoking is not a primary risk factor for which of the following? Lung cancer Chronic obstructive lung disease Oral cancer Heart disease Plantar warts

plantar warts

Which agent is the most effective in commercial dentifrices for the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity? Triclosan Chlorhexidine Potassium nitrate Zinc chloride Stannous fluoride

potassium nitrate

Comprised predominately of streptococcus, actinomyces, lactobacillus, and yeast

predominant flora after NSPT is used to treat a periodontal infection

Spirochetes, vibrios and periodontal pathogens such as p. gingivalis.

predominant flora prior to the treatment of periodontal infection

The total number of cases of a specific disease or condition in existence in a given population at a certain time is called: placebo. prevalence. screening. index.

prevelance

Which of the following active ingredients is found in an anticalculus dentifrice? Pyrophosphate salts Sodium citrate Strontium chloride Potassium nitrate

pyrophosphate salts

Restoring a sharp cutting edge is one of the two main objectives to instrument sharpening. What is the other objective? Maintain the internal angle of the cutting blade at about 90 degrees. Remove metal equally from the face and lateral surface. Preserve the original shape of the instrument. Maintain the angle between the instrument face and stone at 90 degrees.

restoring the original shape of the instrument

In a dentifrice, what is the function of the humectant? Prevents separation of ingredients Prolongs a product's shelf life Maintains the consistency of the product Retains moisture Produces a smooth tooth surface

retains moisture

The term that refers to calculi or stones that can form within a salivary gland? Tonsiloliths Nephrolithiasis Sialoliths Cystolithiasis

sialoliths

The selection criteria for a useful and effective index include: simple to use and calculate. minimal equipment and expense. does not cause patient discomfort. should have subjective interpretation. simple to use and calculate and minimal equipment and expense. simple to use and calculate, minimal equipment and expense, and does not cause patient discomfort. simple to use and calculate, minimal equipment and expense, and should have subjective interpretation.

simple to use and calculate, minimal equipment and expense, and does not cause patient discomfort.

What is the foaming/sudsing agent frequently found in soap, shampoo and toothpaste that is contraindicated when a patient has xerostomia?

sodium lauryl sulfate

The first caries-preventive dentifrice contained: triclosan. potassium nitrate. stannous fluoride. chlorhexidine.

stannous fluoride

Comprised predominantly of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria

subgingival biofilm

Gram-positive aerobic bacteria

supragingival biofilm

Using an explorer to check for residual calculus or evaluating to make sure there has been no undue tissue trauma at the end of scaling and root planing procedure is an example of which type of clinical outcomes evaluation? Formative Tactile Periodontal Visual

tactile

Sustain talk is: any self-expressed language that is an argument for change. the individual's own argument for not changing. a transition in the way a patient acts. the individual's right to make their own decisions.

the individual's own argument for not changing

Zachary Tyler is a 24-year-old male. He presents at the dental office for a prophylaxis and exam. A review of the medical and dental histories establishes that he is taking no medication. He reports that his last dental visit was 6 years ago. His social history reveals that he has been using smokeless tobacco for 5 years and has recently starting smoking cigarettes. While Claire, the RDH, performs the intra- and extraoral exam, she observes a white filmy patch on the right side of Zachary's oral mucosa. Tooth abrasion is noted on the cervical areas of teeth #24, #25, and #26, as well as localized gingival recession with periodontal attachment loss on the facial surfaces of teeth #6, #7, #8, and #24. Claire tells Zachary that smoking may mask the early signs of periodontal disease due to: the suppression of the inflammatory response. the discoloration of the gums. staining of the teeth. None of these are correct.

the suppression of the inflammatory repsonse

Tobacco contains many components that are ____ to humans. Tobacco use is the single most ____ cause of disease and premature death in the world.

toxic; preventable

Nancy, a 67-year-old woman, comes into the dental office for a routine prophylaxis and exam. She has not been seen in the office for just over 1 year and states that she has had her grandchildren staying with her, which has made it hard for her to make an appointment. Nancy has 12 teeth present in her mouth and states that she has not been wearing her partials because they do not fit very well. The hygienist notes that she has angular cheilosis and heavy biofilm accumulation. Upon further questioning, Nancy reveals that it is hard for her to chew without her partials so she has been eating a soft diet. The dental hygienist decides to complete a dietary assessment with Nancy. When she returns the 3-day record it is evident that Nancy is primarily eating breads, cakes, soups, ice cream, and yogurt since she has trouble chewing. Nancy has also indicated drinking five cans of soda daily. Nancy states that she drinks soda all day in order to keep up with her grandchildren; this is a problem because: the teeth are exposed to a cariogenic liquid for a long period of time. the pH level is very high in the oral cavity when drinking soda. it may cause xerostomia. she may gain weight.

the teeth are exposed to a cariogenic liquid for a long period of time

Which of the following is not true for tobacco users? The degree of inflammatory response is reduced. The severity of periodontal destruction is greater. They have decreased healing time. Tobacco use is a major risk factor for periodontal diseases. There is no effect on the rate of dental biofilm accumulation.

they have decreased healing time

Which statement is not a benefit of mouthrinses? They reduce the number of intraoral microorganisms/ They provide biofilm control. They aid in the prevention of gingivitis. They remove intrinsic stains. They contribute to malodor control.

they remove intrinsic stain

Which of the following agents is currently unavailable in a dentifrice in the United States? Potassium nitrate Stannous fluoride Triclosan Oxalates

triclosan

Also, according to our Wilkins' textbook, factoring out all other sources of topical fluoride, water fluoridation alone accounts for approximately a 27% reduction in adults of all ages. True False

true

In the destruction of tooth structure and cause of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans are most active in the initial stages or demineralization and Lactobacilli are more active during progression of the cavity True False

true

When sharpening the toe of a curet with a moving stone, all of the following are true, except: make the toe parallel with the floor. apply the stone to make a 90 degree angle with the toe. turn the instrument continuously until center of the round end of the blade is reached. All of these are true statements.

turn the instrument continuously until center of the round end of the blade is reached

All of the following helps lower the risk of caries, except: cutting down on the frequency of between-meal sweets not sipping constantly on sweetened beverages. using slowly dissolving items. eating more low-fat cheese.

using slowly dissolving items

Examining the color, size, shape, and consistency of gingiva is an example of with type of evaluation of clinical outcomes? Periodontal probing Visual inspection Tactile evaluation Interview evaluation

visual inspection