Ther ex test 3

This is a 14 item balance test with a score of <45 putting pts at risk for falls; perfect score is 56

Berg balance test

What system estimates the amount of momentum necessary for lifting an object?

CNS

This is the vertical projection of COM to the ground; typically slightly anterior to S2

COG

This is the point in a persons body that is at perfect equilibrium; its the point that corresponds to the center of the total body mass

COM

What are the two type of dynamic exercises?

Concentric and eccentric

This term is a form of resistance training in which a limb moves through a ROM against constant external load, provided by free weights, weight machines, or weight pulleys

DCER (dynamic constant external resistance)

What grade can be described as manual vibrations that are used at the BEGINNING OF THE RANGE

Grade I

This type of lift is often recommended for patients with balance deficits by clinicians because it imposes less compression on the spine

Leg lifting style

This type of resistive program allows for progressive fatigue

Oxford

what are three contraindications of Resistance exercises?

Pain, inflammation, severe cardiopulmonary disease; additionally cancer that has metastasized to the bone

Gliding techniques are applied in what direction?

Parallel

what does DCER stand for?

dynamic constant external resistance

when pts with balance problems go to pick up a object and it weighs far more than they expect what direction do they fall?

forward, underestimated pts fall forward

This principle states that if muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceed the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied

Overload Principle

Joint traction application should be applied in what direction? (the entire bone is moved so that joint surfaces separate)

Perpendicular

This term refers to a patients ability to create movement voluntarily

Physiological movements

This term relates to the strength and speed of movement/ work produced by muscle in a timely manner

Power

When conducting joint mob PT/PTA should always firmly and comfortably stabilize one joint segment. in most cases where should that be?

Proximally

The Otago home exercises program is targeted to what patient load?

Pts who are at risk for falls; frail older adults

This normally occurs along with sliding or spinning; its like a ball rolling on the ground; occurs on incongruent surfaces

Roll

What are the motions of arthrokinematics?

Roll, slide, spin, compression, distractions

What are the three components of motion in joint mob?

Roll, spin, slide

If joints are more incongruent then more _____ is occurring rather than sliding where there is more congruency

Roll= incongruent Sliding= Congruency

This test a patients ability to stand with the feet parallel and together with the eyes open and then closed for 30 seconds

Romberg test

Concave is same or opposite direction of movement?

Same- concave- same- concave- same

Refers to self stretching that use joint traction or glides that direct stretch force to the joint capsule

Self mobilization

Grade II distraction is used to determine what?

Sensitivity of the joint

D1 flexion UE

Shoulder flexion, adduction, external rotation; elbow flexion, supination, wrist and finger flexion

If the convex surface is stable then the concave surface will ______ in the same direction

Slide

This principle states that to improve a specific muscle performance that resistance program should match that element construct

Specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) Principle

occurs when one bone rotates around a stationary longitudinal mechanical axis; example is radial head at humeroradial head during pronation

Spin

in the use of Joint mob one surface is always _______ & and one surface is always __________

Stable, and Mobile

These type of test asses pts ability to maintain different postures

Static balance test

What type of test is the Romberg test?

Static balance test

this is when a perturbation is to large and the pt takes at step to maintain balance

Stepping Strategies

This is a strategy used to maintain balance where the pt lowers COM by flexing knees which then causes ankle and hip flexion

Suspension strategy

This test request pts to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters and return to the chair and sit back down.

TUG Test (Functional test)

This is a traditional Chinese exercise program consisting of a sequence of whole body movements that are performed in a slow, relaxed manner with an emphasis on posture alignment and synchronized breathing

Tai Chi

The objective for lift training according to page 271 is to reduce the load on what?

The lumbar spine

This is used to snap adhesions or is applied to a dislocated structure to reposition the joint surfaces also known as HVT

Thrust manipulation (grade V)

This is a Balance and gait test that is focused on determining wether a pt is at risk for falls; with a maximum score of 28

Tinetti mobility test

Grade III and Grade IV of the non thrust techniques push a pt into what?

Tissue resistance

This system maintains balance during head rotation, acceleration/ deceleration, and stabilization during gait

Vestibular System

When is a persons balance the best?

When COM or COG is maintained over BOS

using hip strategy if there is a backward sway the pt compensates in what direction

anterior

This is the motions of the bone surfaces within the joint

arthrokinematics

This type of balance control allows you to maintain when a bus begins to move

automatic postural reactions

This type of balance control is used to maintain balance in response to unexpected external perturbations

automatic postural reactions

when pts with balance issues go to lift something and it weighs far less than what they expect they tend to fall in what direction

back, overestimated pts fall back

What should joint mob treatments begin and end with?

begin and end with Grade 1 and 2 oscillations

Internal factors that put pts at risk for a fall are?

cardiovascular, neuromuscular, orthopedic, perceptual, and psychiatric or cognitive impairments

This type of dynamic muscle activation occurs when tension develops and physical shortening of the muscle occurs

concentric

How can a PT/PTA prevent a pt from having a valsalva maneuver

have the pt exhale during the most difficult part of exercise

External factors that put pts at risk for a fall are?

medications, appliances, assistive devices, environmental hazards, and level of care.

What is Mass times velocity?

momentum

Osteo______ is a contraindication of Joint mob while OA is only a precaution

porosis

using hip strategy if there is a forward sway the pt compensates in what direction

posterior

This system maintains balance even in change of terrain, body sway and space.

somatosensory system

A person with vestibular damage is at risk of what disease

vertigo

What time on the TUG test puts pts at high risk for falls?

14 seconds or more

What is one dynamic balance test?

5x sit to stand

Isometric contractions should be held at least but no more than how many seconds?

6-10 seconds

These motions are necessary for normal ROM but can not be actively performed by a pt.

Accessory Movements

This strategy is a small perturbation in which the pt maintain balance at the ankles, if the pt loses balance forward the gastroc stabilizes and loss of balance backwards anterior tib stabilizes

Ankle strategy

Using the ankle strategy what three muscle groups would help maintain balance when balance is lost backwards?

Anterior tib, then quads, then abs

The functional reach is what type of test?

Anticipatory postural control test.

This is the ability to maintain equilibrium with gravity both statically and dynamically

Balance

Incoming sensory information is integrated and processed by what structures...

Cerebellum, basal ganglia, and supplementary motor area

D1 extension of LE is in internal or external rotation of the hip?

D1 EXTENSION IS INTERNAL ROTATION OF THE HIP however it is ankle eversion

LE D2 extension ankle and hip rotation?

D2 extension ER of hip and ankle inversion

This resistive exercise program has daily adjustable progressive resistive exercise; it starts with a 6 rep max

Dapre

This resistive program builds in warm up into its protocol

Delorme

This joint motion means that two joint surfaces are pulled apart

Distraction

Sensory input is sent to the brain via AFFERENT nerve fibers in the

Dorsal column/ medial tract

The functional reach test is ______ rather than a static test and measures a patients margin of stability. it measures a patients ability maintain balance during functional task

Dynamic

This type of balance control is essential to maintain balance when moving on stable surfaces, such as sit to stand transfers and walking

Dynamic balance control

These type of test asses pts ability to transition from sitting to standing, standing on uneven surfaces, or moving around such as jumping, walking, hipping, and skipping

Dynamic balance test

This term refers to the ability to perform receptive or sustained activities of a period of time

Endurance

LE D1 Flexion is internal or external rotation of the hip?

External rotation of the hip but its in ankle Inversion

This test requires a pt to reach out as far as possible while maintaining a fixed BOS in the standing position

Functional reach test

Using the ankle strategy what three muscles would help maintain balance when its lost forwards?

Gastroc, then hamstrings, and then paraspinals

If the motion is applied passively it is referred to as what?

Glide

What two motions does self mobilization accomplish specifically?

Glide, and traction

These 2 grades on the Maitland grading scale are used to manage pain and spasms, normally used before and after treatment

Grade I and Grade II

With joint Effusions what two grades of Joint mob are allowed?

Grade I and Grade II are ok if used with caution

this is rapid oscillations like manual vibrations however it is tissue resistance at the VERY END RANGE

Grade IV

D1 Extension LE

Hip Ext, abd, IR- Knee extension; plantar flexion and eversion; toe flexion

Using the weight shift strategy what are the main MM

Hip abd. and add. w/ some help from ankle investors and evertors

This strategy includes large or rapid perturbations, with COG near LOS; uses rapid hip flex/ext to move COM with BOS

Hip strategy

According to the book the only 3 true contraindications of joint mob and manipulation is?

Hypermobility, joint effusion, and inflammation

Grade II and III are what type of rhythmic oscillations

II and III are LARGE rhythmic oscillations

This is a type of contraction that is controlled by a rate limiting device that allows Max load with near max tension throughout ROM.

Isokinetic

This type of static exercise is best in low level pts, can be found most effective 5 weeks onset, helps develop postural and joint stability

Isometric

This technique involves moving joint surfaces away from one another, performed in the perpendicular plane, Used to decrease joint hypo mobility or pain

Joint Traction

What determines the amount of joint play available?

Joint capsule laxity

What determines joint play?

Joint capsules laxity

TB, osteoporosis, ligament rupture, vascular disorder, malignancy, and inflammatory arthritis are all contraindications of?

Joint mobilization

These type of motions can be demonstrated passively but not actively by a pt

Joint play

What position will allow for the most joint play?

Loose packed, open packed, or resting position

There are two phases of the Otago home exercise program what are they?

Management phase and self management phase

this is a concurrent application of sustained accessory mobilization applied by PT and a active physiological movement to end range applied by pt

Mobilization w/ movement

Grade III and IV are used to gain what?

Motion within the joint

These type of chain exercises are particularly difficult post op

Open

This at home exercise program was created to reduce the risk of fall, it includes 17 stretch and balance exercises

Otego Home Exercise program