Thermal Energy

Through which states of matter do convection currents primarily transfer heat?

liquids and gases

An iron frying pan at room temperature is placed on a copper burner at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius. After 3 minutes, the frying pan and the burner have reached the same temperature of 110 degrees Celsius. What type of energy has been transferred?

thermal energy

What type of energy is primarily associated with the random motion of the particles in a substance?

thermal energy

Heat can be transferred by conduction when one object is in direct contact with another object. Conduction can occur in solids, liquids, or gases, but it is more effective in

solids and liquids because their particles are arranged more closely together.

The following diagram shows a graphical representation of solid ice changing into water vapor. Use this diagram to determine which of the following statements is true.

When solid ice melts or liquid water vaporizes, the internal energy changes, but the temperature does not change.

Two objects are at the same temperature but have different amounts of thermal energy. Under which of the following conditions is this possible? I. The objects are made from different materials. II. The objects have different masses. III. The particles of each object have different average kinetic energies. IV. One of the objects is in motion.

I and II only

A metal radiator's temperature falls from 90 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius. What has happened to the thermal energy contained by the radiator?

It has decreased.

The table below shows data recorded in a heating experiment.Which of the following statements is true?

It takes more heat to raise a mass of aluminum's temperature 1°C than it takes to raise an equal mass of copper 1°C.

Where is heat primarily transferred by conduction?

at point 2, where the hand touches the pot handle

Where is heat primarily transferred by radiation?

at point 3, where heat energy from the fire moves through space

Which of the following depend(s) on the kinetic energies of an object's particles?

both temperature and thermal energy

In order to change from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas, water must absorb a large amount of heat energy. Water can absorb a large amount of energy while producing only small changes in temperature because water has a

high specific heat.

Heat is conducted when one atom or molecule collides with and

transfers energy to another atom or molecule

How is heat energy transferred by radiation?

Heat energy is carried by electromagnetic waves.

The process of convection transfers heat when warmed fluids move in currents. Which of the following correctly describes the movement of fluids in convection currents?

Warmer portions rise and cooler portions fall.

Which of the following objects conducts heat the best?

a metal spoon

The outer portion of a radiator is made of solid iron.An increase in the temperature of the iron is associated with which of the following?

an increase in the speed of motion of the iron atoms

Where is heat primarily transferred by convection?

at point 1, where warm water rises and cooler water sinks

Which of the following examples describes heat transfer by radiation?

The Sun warms Earth's land and people.

A sample of gas is contained in an airtight room. Sunlight is allowed to pass through a window and into the room, where it strikes the floor. The temperature of the gas through time is shown below.Which of the following statements is true?

The average kinetic energy of the gas particles increased through time.

The graph below shows the boiling (vaporization) points for different substances that are liquids at 50°C. A beaker of plain water is being heated. When a thermometer reads 100°C, the kinetic energy of the particles inside the beaker will _______.

not change

During a phase change, the temperature of a substance remains constant. This is because, during a phase change, heat changes the _______ energy of the particles in a substance without changing their _______ energy.

potential; kinetic

Some students are warming themselves by a bonfire.How is heat energy transferred from the fire to the students?

radiation

The table below shows four different metals and the corresponding specific heat of each one.The same amount of thermal energy is transferred to a 10 g sample of each of the metals shown in the table above. Which metal has the greatest increase in the kinetic energy of its atoms?

silver

The heat energy that is required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius is called the _______ of the substance.

specific heat

Heat is defined as

the amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another.

A cup of water is heated in a microwave oven. As the water's thermal energy increases,

the average speed of its molecules increases.

The direction of flow of heat between two bodies is determined by

the difference in the temperatures of the bodies.

Which contains more thermal energy, a pot of cold water or a lake of the same temperature?

the lake

A hot cup of tea will lose heat more rapidly than a lukewarm cup of the same type of tea will. When these two cups are kept on a table in a cool room, which will most likely cool to room temperature first?

the lukewarm cup of tea