Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer

how a thermometer works?

A thermometer has a glass tube sealed at both ends and is partly filled with a liquid like mercury or alcohol. As the temperature around the thermometer's bulb heats up, the liquid rises in the glass tube. ... When it is hot, the liquid inside the thermometer will expand and rise in the tube.

What particles are like in each state of matter?

Solids, liquids and gases are three states of matter. In solids, the particles are tightly packed together. In liquids, the particles have more movement, while in gases, they are spread out. Particles in chemistry can be atoms, ions or molecules.

both the Celsius scale and the Fahrenheit scale who uses each?

To find the temperature when both are equal, we use an old algebra trick and just set ºF = ºC and solve one of the equations. So the temperature when both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are the same is -40 degrees.

what the boiling point and freezing point is for water in both scales

the boiling point is 212 °F and the freezing point of water is 32

real life examples of conduction convection and radiation?

Conduction: Touching a stove and being burned. Ice cooling down your hand. Convection: Hot air rising, cooling, and falling (convection currents) Radiation: Heat from the sun warming your face.

The difference between a conductor and an insulator Be able to give examples of both?

Copper, silver, aluminium, mercury are the examples of the conductor. The wood, paper, ceramic etc., are the examples of an insulator. The conductor is used for making electrical wires and cables. The insulator is used for separating the current carrying conductors and for supporting the electrical equipment.

The difference between convection vs. conduction vs. radiation

Difference Between Conduction, Convection and Radiation. While conduction is the transfer of heat energy by direct contact, convection is the movement of heat by actual motion of matter; radiation is the transfer of energy with the help of electromagnetic waves

Examples of both endothermic and exothermic reactions

Dissolving ammonium chloride in water. Cracking alkanes. Nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than nickel in stars. Evaporating liquid water. Melting ice.

The law of conservation of energy and how it relates on a chemical reaction?

Energy is used to break bonds in reactants, and energy is released when new bonds form in products. ... The law of conservation of energy states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Whether a chemical reaction absorbs or releases energy, there is no overall change in the amount of energy during the reaction.

how the addition or reduction of energy affects the bonds between particles?

Matter can change from one state to another when thermal energy is absorbed or released. ... heated, it absorbs thermal energy and its temperature rises. At some point, the temperature stops rising and the ice begins to change into liquid water. The change from the solid state to the liquid state is called melting.

How temperature relates to kinetic energy?

Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or a system. ... As a substance absorbs heat the particles move faster so the average kinetic energy and therefore the temperature increases. The Kelvin temperature scale has a true zero with no negative temperatures.

How temperature is related to kinetic energy?

Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or a system. Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has because of its motion. As a substance absorbs heat the particles move faster so the average kinetic energy and therefore the temperature increases.

How temperature is measured?

Temperature is measured with thermometers, which are devices that use the expansion of a substance to give an indirect measure of temperature. The units that are used to measure temperature are called degrees.

The difference between a conductor and an insulator?

The conductor and insulator are the types of material. One of the major difference between the conductor and insulator is that the conductor allows the energy (i.e., current or heat ) to pass through it, whereas the insulator does not allow the energy to pass through it.

The difference between thermal energy and temperature?

The core difference is that heat deals with thermal energy, whereas temperature is more concerned with molecular kinetic energy. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, whereas temperature is a property the object exhibits.

The difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?

The difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions lies in the words themselves. "Thermic" refers to heat, just as in the word "thermometer." "Exo" means "outside" and "endo" means "inside." Thus, an endothermic reaction pulls heat into an object or area, while an exothermic reaction expels heat.

The difference between temperature and heat?

The heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object. Temperature is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the molecules in a substance.

the difference between the three main ways that energy as heat can transfer?

The image above, provided by NASA, highlights how all three heat-transfer methods (conduction, convection, and radiation) work in the same environment. Conduction transfers heat via direct molecular collision. An area of greater kinetic energy will transfer thermal energy to an area with lower kinetic energy.

The direction in which thermal energy is transferred in heat transfer?

Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold places by convection. Convection occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. Cooler liquid or gas then takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This results in a continuous circulation pattern.

How heat can affect the state of matter of a substance?

When heat is added to a substance, the molecules and atoms vibrate faster. As atoms vibrate faster, the space between atoms increases. The motion and spacing of the particles determines the state of matter of the substance. The end result of increased molecular motion is that the object expands and takes up more space.

What happens when two objects at different temperatures come in to contact?

When you bring two objects of different temperature together, energy will always be transferred from the hotter to the cooler object. The objects will exchange thermal energy, until thermal equilibrium is reached, i.e. until their temperatures are equal. We say that heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object.

what happens to the flow of energy when both objects come to the same temperature?

When you bring two objects of different temperature together, energy will always be transferred from the hotter to the cooler object. The objects will exchange thermal energy, until thermal equilibrium is reached, i.e. until their temperatures are equal. We say that heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object.