Time Period 6 Review WHAP

M. Thatcher

A British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.

Pinochet

A Chilean general, politician and the dictator of Chile between 1973 and 1990 who remained the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 1998 and was also President of the Government Junta of Chile between 1973 and 1981.

Mao Zedong

A Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism.

Deng Xiaoping

A Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1989. After Chairman Mao Zedong's death, he led China through far-reaching market-economy reforms. While he never held office as the head of state, head of government or as the leader of the Communist Party, he nonetheless was responsible for economic reforms and an opening to the global economy.

Max Planck

A German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. His fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes.

Kwame Nkrumah

A Ghanaian politician and revolutionary who was the first prime minister and president of Ghana, having led it to independence from Britain in 1957. An influential advocate of Pan-Africanism, he was a founding member of the Organization of African Unity and winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962.

Nelson Mandela

A South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress party from 1991 to 1997.

Joseph Stalin

A Soviet revolutionary who governed the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, he served as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier of the Soviet Union. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, he helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism-Leninism while his own policies became known as Stalinism.

Franco

A Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975. This period in Spanish history is commonly known as Francoist Spain.

Idi Amin

A Ugandan politician and military officer. He was the President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.

Ho Chi Minh

A Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam, Prime Minister , President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam and the Việt Cộng during the Vietnam War.

Thich Quang Duc

A Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned himself to death protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government led by Ngô Đình Diệm. Photographs of his self-immolation were circulated widely across the world and brought attention to the policies of the Diệm government.

Jinnah

A lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Serving as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death.

Guernica, Pablo Picasso

A mural-sized oil painting on canvas by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso completed in June 1937. The painting is regarded by many art critics as one of the most moving and powerful anti-war paintings in history. The large mural shows the suffering of people wrenched by violence and chaos, prominent in the composition are a gored horse, a bull, and flames.

Dr. King Jr.

An American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. Famous for his leadership in the Montgomery bus boycott.

Jonas Salk

An American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines.

Ronald Reagan

An American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.

F. D. Roosevelt

An American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II.

Sigmund Freud

An Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Mahatma Gandhi

An Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Self Immolation of Thich Quang Duc

Famous photographs of a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963 in order to protest the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government. Photographs of his self-immolation were circulated widely across the world and brought attention to the policies of the Diệm government. These photos prompted John F. Kennedy to say "No news picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that one."

Tank Man (photo)

Famous photos of a man who stood in front of a line of tanks, prompting them to halt on June 5, 1989, the morning after the Chinese military had suppressed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 by force. As the lead tank maneuvered to pass by the man, he repeatedly shifted his position in order to obstruct the tank's attempted path around him.

Gamal Nasser

The second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death in 1970. He led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year.

Albert Einstein

a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc2. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.

Pablo Picasso

a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces.

We Can Do It, Howard Miller

an American wartime propaganda poster produced by J. Howard Miller in 1943 for Westinghouse Electric as an inspirational image to boost worker morale. Often called "We Can Do It!" but also called "Rosie the Riveter" after the iconic figure of a strong female war production worker. The "We Can Do It!" image was used to promote feminism and other political issues beginning in the 1980s.