Tissues (Chapter Four)

Which of the following statements is true?

-Closely packed bundles of collagen fibers are characteristic of loose connective tissues. -Dense irregular connective tissue has a high proportion of elastic fibers. -Dense connective tissue is dominated by collagen fibers. -Loose connective tissue includes cartilage. Dense connective tissue is dominated by collagen fibers.

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ?

-Endocrine glands do not use ducts. -Exocrine glands use exocytosis to release their products. -Exocrine glands can be multicellular. -Exocrine glands secrete hormones. -Endocrine glands do not use ducts (Endocrine glands secrete substances (hormones) into blood without the use of ducts, whereas exocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment.)

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?

-Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. -Epithelial tissue is innervated. -Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. -Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels. Epithelial tissue is innervated. (Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.)

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.

-Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. -Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. -Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important. -Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Simple epithelia have ________.

-multiple layers of just one type of epithelial cells -all three types of epithelial cells arranged in one layer -two types of epithelial cells, arranged in one layer -one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer

The first step in tissue repair involves ________.

-proliferation of fibrous connective tissue -replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells -formation of scar tissue -inflammation inflammation

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________.

-regeneration, organization, and inflammation -inflammation, regeneration, and organization -inflammation, organization, and regeneration -organization, inflammation, and regeneration -inflammation, organization, and regeneration

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________.

-the undamaged cardiac muscle cells become fatigued from the energy expended during the healing process -fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting -fibrosis produces new cardiac muscle cells that are not as strong as the mature ones that died -the initial death of some cardiac muscle cells triggers a chain reaction in which progressively more and more neighboring healthy cells die -fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting (Cardiac muscle contains sarcomeres, which allow for the tissue to contract when electrically stimulated. Fibrous connective tissue lacks these special contractile units.)

Epithelial tissues can be classified according to cell shape. __________ epithelial cells are scalelike and flattened.

Transitional Columnar Cuboidal Squamous Squamous

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

Transitional Pseudostratified columnar Stratified columnar Stratified cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar

Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

True or False False

All muscle cells contain striations.

True or False False (Smooth muscle cells do not contain striations. Although they do contain myofilaments, their arrangement is not regular enough to generate the striations seen in skeletal or cardiac muscle cells.)

Blood is a type of connective tissue.

True or False True

Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.

True or False True

The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

True or False True

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

True or False True (All epithelia exhibit polarity, which is defined by the presence of an apical, or free, surface and a basal, or attached, surface that differ in both structure and function.)

Squamous epithelial cells ________.

are as tall as they are wide, like cubes are thin and flat, like fish scales are taller than they are wide, like columns have no nuclei are thin and flat, like fish scales

This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.

cardiac muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle smooth muscle

Choose which tissue type likely functions to add support to an organ.

cardiac muscle stratified squamous epithelium transitional hyaline cartilage hyaline cartilage

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________.

collagen reticular elastic muscle collagen

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

connective tissue muscle nervous tissue epithelium epithelium

Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing?

dense regular connective tissue osseous tissue skeletal muscle tissue dense irregular connective tissue skeletal muscle tissue (The striations are evidence of the myofilaments inside skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers. The position of the nuclei and vascularity are also signs of muscle tissue.)

The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________.

elastic cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage adipose tissue elastic cartilage

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine exocrine sebaceous ceruminous endocrine

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

epithelial tissue muscle tissue connective tissue nervous tissue epithelial tissue (Epithelial tissue is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity (epithe = laid on, covering). In addition to coverings and linings, epithelial cells can also form glands.)

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?

fibrocartilaginous tissue areolar tissue cartilage tissue bone (osseous tissue) bone (osseous tissue)

Smooth muscle __________.

has striations is under involuntary control has long, cylindrical cells contains intercalated discs is under involuntary control (Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.)

All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________.

neurons bones tendons ligaments neurons

A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________.

simple cuboidal stratified squamous simple squamous transitional stratified squamous

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________.

stroma intercalated discs flana myofilaments intercalated discs

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?

support transport insulation absorption absorption (Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body.)

Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium.

transitional areolar dense regular pseudostratified pseudostratified