TMPS31 - Lecture 3: DFRem, DFR & DFE

Methods and tools for EcoDesign/DFE examples

- Active-Passive product - Ecostrategy wheel - MET matrix - Checklists/Guidelines

Driving forces for DfE

- Need to reduce costs - Need to innovative power - Market demand - Legislation - Social environment - Raised waste charges etc..

reuse/remanufacturing of products

- a classic design makes the product more attractive for the next user - a good technical design makes the product not grow old in advance

Examples of environmental customer needs. The product will..

- be manufactured of recycled material - be free of hazardous materials - be easy to disassemble - be light - be recyclable - have a long energy consumption - contain as few as possible materials and parts

Optimization of production techniques (7 of them)

- choose production techniques that use less energy - choose processes that consume less materials - reduce the amount of production steps (ex integrate several functions in the same component) - have good work environment in productions (ex make the product easy to assemble) - choose processes that gives low emissions (ex use as few chemicals as possible, minimize the staff's contact with them) - reduce production waste - avoid environmental hazardous surface treatment

Eco design strategy wheel - new concept development

- dematerialization - shared use of the product - integration of functions - functional optimization of product (components)

Product design - factors that affects the choice of materials

- function - properties of strenght - design solution - layout and shape - volume/weight - price - usage (eg risks of allergy) - use environment etc etc etc

Product design - joining methods

- gluing - snap fits - screws - taping etc - use joining methods that facilitate a non-destructive disassembly and one that facilitate disassembly with few tools (preferably standard tools) - minimize the number of joints and place them where they are easy to access

Product design - material choice

- material combinations - virgin or recycled material - steel - aluminum - copper - plastics ex aluminum + low weight + good for recycling - energy demanding in new manufacturing

Optimization of end-of-use

- reuse/remanufacturing of products - reuse/remanufacturing of components - recycling of material - ease disassembly - safe incineration

examples of environmental product specifications

- share of recycled material % - share of recycable material % - number of hazardous materials - number of materials - weight - disassembly time etc

reuse/remanufacturing of components

- use few fasteners - use fasteners that are possible to disassemble eg snap fits, screws - standardize screw types - plan the product so disassembly can be made from one direction

recycling of material

- use material that have a recycling market - use few materials - avoid hazardous materials that complicates recycling - label materials in the product according to standards - avoid stickers on plastics

Ecodesign strategy wheel

1. selection of low impact materials - ex recycled and recyclable materials, cleaner materials 2. reduction of materials usage - ex reduction in weight 3. optimization of production techniques - ex fewer production steps, less production waste 4. optimization of distribution system - less/cleaner/reusable packaging, energy-efficient logistics 5. reduction of impact during use - lower energy consumption, cleaner energy source 6. optimization of initial lifetime - reliability and durability, easier maintenance and repair 7. optimization of end-of-life system - reuse of product, recycling of materials

DFRem

Design for remanufacturing Preferable product properties for remanufacturing

Product design - guideline

Guidline: Minimize weight - weight and transport -> energy consumption - minimize material - less waste in manyfacturing - less costs for materials etc

Active and passive product

Technique to quickly identify which part of the life cycle one should put focus on in order to lower the total environmental impact 1. Product 1.1. Passive (eg. cutting board & scissors) Focus on lowering the environmental impact during manufacutring and/or end-of-life. 1.2. Active 1.2.1. requires other products to perform the function (eg washing machine & drilling machine) - focus on decreasing the environmental impact during use ex use of other products and amount 1.2.2. influences other products when used, eg pallet and container - focus on lowering the environmental impact during use eg weight, dimensions etc. 1.1/2 Beneath 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 Double active (eg car and bus) - focus on lowering the impact of use by combining these strategies. sames focus as 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.

Checklist

columns: 1. fields of action (recycling/reprocessing) 2. result 3. need for action (happy, ok, sad) rows: - materials - variety of material .. - hazardous substances - marking etc

The MET matrix

columns: input/outputs of M = material cycle E = energy use T = toxic emissions rows: - production and supple of materials - in-house productions - distribution - utiliszation : 1.operation 2. servicing - end-of-lige system : 1. recovery 2. disposal

DfE

design for environment/ecodesign "Ecodesign is an approach to design where all the environmental impacts of a product are considered over the product's life"

DFR

design for recycling

black list

ex: the ericsson list of restricted substances columns: 1. groups of substances 2. substances 4. main area of use 5. main risk (ex toxic, negativev for recycling)