Topic 13: The Industrial Revolution (1750-1914) Quizzes

B

Industrialization spread because A. Britain shared the new technology in order to gain new trading partners. B. other nations wanted to have the same economic opportunities that Britain enjoyed. C. Parliament relaxed Britain's monopoly on industrial technology. D. Britain had to trade its technology for labor and natural resources.

D

The main focus of utilitarianism was A. providing help for the working class at the expense of the middle class. B. ensuring benefits for the growing middle class. C. preserving the privileges of the upper classes. D. ensuring the greatest happiness through individual freedom for all classes.

D

Why did some workers organize unions? A. to support large corporations B. to reduce work stoppages C. to help women get factory jobs D. to improve their working conditions

D

How did Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb affect industry? A. Brighter lights made people more productive so they worked fewer hours. B. Bulb manufacturing became the biggest industry in the United States. C. Having better lighting largely eliminated industrial accidents. D. Electric lights made it possible for factories to run after dark.

B

How did city life change during the last 1800s and early 1900s? A. Neighborhoods became more crowded. B. Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease. C. Urban workers began to move to the suburbs. D. Standards of living fell as wages dropped.

D

How did enclosures contribute to the development of the Industrial Revolution? A. They enabled farmers to rotate crops. B. They were used to pen animals for domestication. C. They helped reclaim land from the sea. D. They consolidated fields to gain larger pastures.

A

How did realism reflect the culture of the Industrial Age? A. Realism portrayed the social ills brought about by industrialization. B. Realism emphasized the importance of reason and restraint. C. Realism depicted the important achievements of the Industrial Revolution. D. Realism celebrated the growing middle class and its beliefs and values.

D

How did religious groups respond to the challenges of industrialization? A. They built new churches. B. They found women and children jobs. C. They taught women new skills. D. They worked for reform and social services.

C

What did romantic poetry, music, and art have in common? A. They appealed to their audience through logic and reason. B. They stressed the importance and power of love. C. They stirred strong emotion and intense feelings in their audience. D. They sought to express social ills and offer ideas for reform.

B

What important contribution did James Watt make to the Industrial Revolution? A. He developed ways to increase crop yields. B. He perfected a new source of energy. C. He developed a seed drill for planting. D. He improved methods of iron smelting.

B

Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution? A. Child labor did not exist before the Industrial Revolution. B. Mines and text factories employed large numbers of children. C. Laws kept children from working in dangerous mines and factories. D. Most child laborers spent part of each day in school.

A

How did the lives of middle-class women change during the Industrial Revolution? A. They spent more time buying items than producing them. B. They had more children and stayed at home. C. They worked in professions such as medicine and law. D. They worked longer hours than men.

A

Identify two major effects of new technology on business during the Industrial Revolution. A. Production became faster and less expensive. B. Workers made more money and worked fewer hours. C. The streets were less traveled and cleaner. D. Fewer goods were manufactured and sold.

D

Louis Pasteur helped improve public health by A. finding a cure for tuberculosis. B. improving conditions in hospitals. C. encouraging new surgical practices. D. applying germ theory to combat disease.

D

By 1900, women in Britain and the United States had not yet won the right to A. own property. B. work outside the home. C. get an education. D. vote.

C

During the Industrial Revolution, how did economics drive political change? A. Wealthy entrepreneurs entered the upper class and became members of Parliament. B. The working class lost political power as they sought jobs in cities where they had no influence. C. The growing middle class demanded more democracy, so voting rights gradually expanded. D. The Luddites caused economic damage, so authorities deprived workers of the vote.

B

Early socialism was most concerned with A. distinguishing the rich from the poor. B. sharing all property and means of production. C. producing and distributing the most goods. D. creating a Utopian society for all.

C

According to Marx, what would be the main characteristic of communism? A. a community in which work was shared and property was owned in common B. a society in which the economy functioned without government interference C. a classless society in which wealth and power were equally shared D. an economy in which private individuals owned the means of production

C

According to laissez-faire economists, what is the benefit of a free market? A. A free market would encourage government economic policies to try to reduce poverty. B. Under a free market, the population would continue to boom, creating rapid economic growth. C. As production increased, the supply of goods would also increase and prices would drop so more people could afford goods. D. In a free market, capitalists would reinvest in new businesses, which would create new jobs and raise the price of goods.

A

Adam Smith defined the free market as an economic system in which A. the market functions with little or no government interference. B. the government regulates prices to benefit all. C. workers control the means of production. D. entrepreneurs cooperate to set wages and prices.

C

Read each question, and choose the best answer.Why were the first factories more efficient than the earlier putting-out system? A. They did not require an outside source of power. B. They allowed laborers to build a product from start to finish. C. They brought workers and machines together in one place. D. They could be built in any location.

A

Socialism is based on the belief that A. the means of production should be shared by everyone in society. B. governments should interfere in business only to prevent harm. C. industrialization is an evil that must be stopped. D. workers will unite and overthrow the ruling class to form a classless society.

A

What statement best describes the industrialization of other western nations after Britain? A. Some nations learned about the new technology and had more resources than Britain so they could advance quickly. B. Most other nations were slow to adopt industrialization practices because they were unaware of the benefits. C. All nations had equal access to factors of production and copied Britain's model. D. Britain shared knowledge with other countries to gain trading partners.

A

What statement best describes the lives of women who worked during the Industrial Revolution? A. They worked 12 hours or more a day for half the pay of men, and they tended to the family and household when at home. B. They avoided working in the mining industry because mines were too dangerous. C. Employers made efforts to protect them from the most dangerous jobs and allowed them to work shorter days. D. In textile mills, they changed spools and crawled under machinery to fix broken threads because of their small size.

B

What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution on education? A. All women went to high school and college. B. Universities began stressing science and engineering. C. Children from every social class were required to go to school. D. The literacy rate sharply decreased.

D

What was one long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution? A. Factory work allowed women to earn as much money as men. B. Over time, poverty was eliminated in industrialized nations. C. Governments took greater control over the economy. D. In industrial countries, the overall standard of living improved.

B

What was one of Britain's primary contributions to industrialism? A. Britain developed new farming practices that led to the second Agricultural Revolution. B. British inventors developed new machines for the textile industry that led to the factory system. C. The British government freely exported new technology, allowing industrialization to spread. D. British entrepreneurs invested in manufacturing and transportation all over Europe.

C

What was one way that James Watt's steam technology contributed to the Industrial Revolution? A. Steam engines powered the flying shuttle, helping weavers make cloth faster. B. The water frame used steam to improve the speed of spinning thread. C. Steam engines improved the shipping of goods and raw materials. D. Steam engines helped miners gather more coal to help power factory machines.

C

What was one way that working-class women differed from middle-class women? A. They were expected to take care of the home and children. B. They often worked outside the home in factories. C. They supported temperance and the women's suffrage movement. D. They enjoyed greater financial independence.

C

What was the goal of impressionist painters? A. to inspire people to celebrate beauty B. to give readers a sense of unchanging reality C. to capture the eye's first impression of a scene D. to portray the harsh realities of life in cities

A

What was the goal of realist writers and artists? A. to present reality and comment on social wrongs B. to provide suggestions for political reform C. to give the lower class hope and strength D. to denounce all doctors and scientists

B

Which development helped improve working conditions in many mines and factories during the late 1800s? A. the formation of monopolies B. the growth of labor unions C. the rise of the middle class D. the introduction of the assembly line

A

Which factors caused the population of Europe to soar between 1800 and 1900? A. Medicine advanced, and the death rate fell. B. Cities grew, and families had more children. C. People bathed more and ate less. D. The poor were treated at hospitals and survived surgeries.

C

Which of the following best describes the new middle class that emerged as a result of industrialization? A. It was made up largely of industrial workers and miners. B. It was made up largely of wealthy rural landowners. C. Many of its members owned and operated the businesses that hired urban workers. D. Many of its members lived in overcrowded conditions in industrial cities.

B

Which of the following changes to city life would be most likely to reduce the crime rate? A. constructing sewer systems B. installing street lights C. erecting fine buildings D. offering public entertainment

B

Which of the following had the greatest impact on transportation during the second Industrial Revolution? A. the steam engine B. the internal combustion engine C. the dynamo D. the Bessemer process

B

Which of the following is one main reason the Industrial Revolution was a turning point in world history? A. People no longer needed to travel on foot or in horse-drawn carts. B. The traditional rural lifestyle ended for most people. C. People stopped exchanging goods in outdoor markets. D. Anesthetics became available for use in dentistry and surgery.

D

Which of the following statements about population trends during the Industrial Revolution is most accurate? A. Towns built near coal and iron mines suffered a loss of population as workers left for factory jobs in cities. B. People left cities to move to farms because of improvements in farming. C. Population decreased during early industrialization because of unsafe working conditions. D. Demand for labor in factories was one cause of the population shift toward urban areas.

D

Which of the following supports the idea that the Industrial Revolution led to social change in Europe? A. Labor unions were against the law during the early 1800s. B. Lack of sewage systems in cities helped spread disease. C. The poor lived mainly in neighborhoods with overcrowded buildings. D. Entrepreneurs earned enough wealth to rise above the working class.

B

Which sequence of events best describes the role of textile manufacturing in initiating industrialization? A. The flying shuttle was developed, demand increased for a faster weaving machine, and the spinning jenny was developed. B. Demand for cotton cloth grew, cottage industry developed, and machines replaced cottage industry. C. Demand for cotton grew and the textile industry was consolidated into factories. D. India demanded more cotton textiles, inventors created weaving machines, and factories housed those machines.

C

Which statement best explains how transportation technology advanced the Industrial Revolution? A. Improvements in shipping led most industries to send goods to markets overseas. B. Railroads allowed goods to travel over land, but shipping by sea remained the most important method of transporting goods. C. Rivers, ports, canals, and railroads aided the shipment of goods to many places. D. Transportation played little role in industrialization until the arrival of railroads and the ability to move goods over land.

C

Which value most shaped middle class home life during the later Industrial Revolution? A. laissez-faire economics B. social Darwinism C. the cult of domesticity D. the social gospel

D

Who supplied the capital that helped Britain industrialize? A. the rapidly growing labor force B. talented inventors with new ideas C. the British government D. investors willing to take risks

C

Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution? A. Competition between businesses became unnecessary. B. Labor unions demanded and won higher wages. C. New technologies required the investment of more capital. D. Governments passed laws regulating monopolies.

D

Why did some business owners form corporations? A. to buy more stock in competitors' companies B. to regulate the free-enterprise system C. to create a laissez-faire economy D. to raise money to expand into different areas

B

Why did the population of Britain increase in the mid-1700s? A. People moved to cities from farming villages to find employment. B. Better farming led to a food surplus, so fewer people died of starvation. C. More people were needed to work in factories on the new machines. D. Population statistics clearly show that people were healthier.

D

Why had colleges and universities changed their curriculum by the late 1800s? A. Companies and factories were demanding people who could read Latin. B. Women were now attending colleges. C. All jobs required people to read and write. D. More people were working in industries that required science and engineering skills.

A

Why was Darwin's theory controversial in the 1800s? A. It contradicted the biblical view of creation. B. It was used to condemn the actions of big business. C. It was considered unsound by most scientists. D. It challenged older views of the age of the Earth.

A

Why were the theories of Charles Darwin controversial? A. They challenged long-held beliefs about human life. B. They proved that the Earth was older than previously thought. C. They disproved notions of racial superiority. D. They supported Marxist ideas about class struggle.