Topic 7-14 quizes

Which of these is not a specific route of exposure Inhalation Proximity Ingestion Dermal

Proximity

Which one of the following statements depicts the dose-response relationahip? The effects of a chemical are not dependent on dose, but instead are dependent on the person. The dose-response quantitatively describes the association between exposure & effect of a toxic compound. The dose-response relationship cannot be quantified, because all chemicals are different. Nobody pays attention to dose-response anymore..The lower the dose, the greater the response.

The dose-response quantitatively describes the association between exposure & effect of a toxic compound.

The general acceptable environmental risk is 10^-6. True False

True

Transport of contaminants and compounds in bodies of water is usually more complex than in the atmosphere. True False

True

Which of following gases is most responsible for retaining heat in the atmosphere? Oxygen Ozone Carbon monoxide Water vapor

Water Vapor

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which a toxic chemical is classified? Its chemical class. The source of exposure. Its effect on specific organ systems. Its effect on human health. Whether it is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

Whether it is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

Global climate change contributes to each of the following EXCEPT: Ocean acidification Species extinctions Rising sea levels More sever storms Peak petroleum production

Peak petroleum production

Which is a primary method of controlling exposures? Substitution Ventilation Isolation Personal protective equipment All of these

All of these

Which is not an advantage of biomarkers over other exposure assessment methods? Confirms actual absorption Integrative over all routes of exposure Accounts for bioavailability Accounts for differences between people in metabolism

Accounts for differences between people in metabolism

The subdivision of the atmosphere into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere is based on the vertical variation of: Group of answer choices Air temperature Oxygen concentration Rain Air pressure

Air temperature

Which of the following is NOT a significant greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming? Methane Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Chlorofluorocarbons

Carbon monoxide

The most common route of toxicant exposure for adults is via the intravenous route. True False

False

Risk Characterization is the first step to conduct the risk assessment. True False

False Correct! Hazard Identification is the first step to conduct the risk assessment

Injection is one of the major routes for environmental agents to enter the human body. True False

False Correct! Injection is NOT one of the major routes for environmental agents to enter the human body!

Risk is the same as hazard True False

False, Hazard: something that could potentially cause harm. Risk: the degree of likelihood that harm will be caused.

The unit of cancer slope factor is mg/kg-day. True False

False, the unit of cancer slope factor is (mg/kg-day)-1

Which of the following statements about heat waves is true? a. Risk factors for death during heat waves are well defined. b. Heat waves are more severe in rural areas than in urban areas. c. Most excess deaths during heat waves are attributed to "heat stroke" or "hyperthermia" on death certificates. d. Heat waves in recent years have been most severe near the equator, and mild in norther latitudes. e. Heat wave preparedness planning is ineffective in reducing deaths during heat wave

a. Risk factors for death during heat waves are well defined.

Match the following definition to the correct term: "the increase in concentration of chemicals that occur in some, usually aquatic, food chains at higher trophic levels." Bioconcentration Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Biodispersion

biomagnifcation

The impacts of climate change on food and agriculture include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Reduced production of wheat, maize, and other staple crops in much of the world, especially parts of Africa and Asia b. Increased production of staple crops in some parts of the world, such as parts of Canada and Russia. c. Reduced growth of most weeds, enhancing crop production. d. Reduced nutrient content of some foods. e. Increased crop loss due to plant diseases.

c. Reduced growth of most weeds, enhancing crop production.

Climate change may contribute to water contamination through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: a. Harmful algal blooms b. Coliform contamination from combined sewer outflows following severe rainfall c. Vibrio contamination due to warmer marine waters d. Contamination by cryptosporidium or giardia from increased non-point source runoff after storms e. Increased chlorine concentrations due to water treatment malfunctions

e. Increased chlorine concentrations due to water treatment malfunctions

Which of the following is NOT a typical measurement unit used to characterize PM (particulate matter)? Microns ppm ug/m3 (microgram per cubic meter) All of the above are relevant to PM

ppm