Trail: Terminology - Musculoskeletal
Which of the following terms describes a muscle that opposes the action of a prime mover? synergist fixator antagonist agonist
Correct Answer: antagonist An antagonist is a muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover. As the prime mover contracts the antagonist progressively relaxes, allowing for a smooth and coordinated movement. Antagonists may also be required to slow down the movement and project the joint from injury.
Which of the following terms describes the prime mover of a joint? synergist fixator antagonist agonist
Correct Answer: agonist An agonist is a synonym for a primary mover of a joint. A prime mover actively contracts and produces the intended movement. The agonist is not always the muscle that is shortening. In a bicep curl, the biceps is the agonist when it contracts concentrically causing elbow flexion. It is also the agonist when it eccentrically contracts as the elbow joint moves into extension.
Which term is used to describe an increase in fluid within the joint capsule? effusion tenosynovitis edema bursitis
Correct Answer: effusion Effusion is used to describe an increase in fluid within a joint capsule. Edema is characterized by an increase in fluid outside of the joint capsule. Tenosynovitis and bursitis are inflammatory conditions usually caused by repetitive activities.
Which of the following terms describes a muscle that stabilizes the origin of a prime mover at one joint to increase the effectiveness of another muscle at another joint? synergist fixator antagonist agonist
Correct Answer: fixator A fixator is a muscle that stabilizes the origin of the agonist and the joint that the origin spans to allow the agonist to function most effectively. A fixator is a stabilizer in one part of the body during movement in another part of the body. In the bicep curl the fixator would be the rotator cuff muscles.
Which term describes two muscles on opposite sides of a joint that act synergistically to produce a shared motion? cocontraction force couple antagonist group synergist
Correct Answer: force couple A force couple is a term used in mechanics to describe two force vectors on opposite sides of an axis that create a collective moment. An example of this in the human body is the serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscles during shoulder abduction.
Which of the following terms describes muscle pain? arthrodynia myalgia arthroplasty myelomalacia
Correct Answer: myalgia Myalgia is a term used to describe pain in a muscle or a group of muscles. Arthrodynia is a term used to describe joint pain, while the other options options do not refer to pain directly.
Which term describes a partial rupture or tear of a ligament? sprain strain avulsion contusion
Correct Answer: sprain A sprain is an acute injury involving a ligament. A strain is an injury involving the musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone. Next
Which of the following terms describes an incomplete or partial dislocation of joint surfaces? dislocation sprain strain subluxation
Correct Answer: subluxation A subluxation occurs when a joint begins to dislocate, however, the joint surfaces do not completely lose contact. A subluxation can occur from an acute injury, such as trauma, or from generalized joint laxity.
What is the correct sequence of joint type from least to most mobile? synarthrosis, diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis diarthrosis, synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis
Correct Answer: synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis Synarthrosis joints are nearly immobile, amphiarthrosis are slightly moveable, and diarthrosis joints are freely moveable.
What is the most distal bony landmark used when measuring Q angle? anterior superior iliac spine medial condyle of the tibia midpoint of the patella tibial tubercle
Correct Answer: tibial tubercle Q angle refers to the degree of angulation present when measuring from the midpatella to the anterior superior iliac spine and to the tibial tubercle. A normal Q angle measured in supine with the knee straight is 13 degrees for a male and 18 degrees for a female. An excessive Q angle can lead to pathology and abnormal tracking.
