Transcription DNA----RNA
How does RNA polymerase know when a gene starts and ends?
it finds the PROMOTER- a region of DNA that starts transcription Terminator Sequence-a region of the DNA that marks the end of the gene
What gets spliced back together to form the final RNA?
Exons
What is Protein synthesis?
The process of reading the instructions in the DNA to make a protein.
Steps of TRANSCRIPTION
1. Copy the DNA code to mRNA 2. DNA unwinds 3. Only 1 strand is Transcribed 4. Complimentary Base Pairing of Nucleotides 5. This pariing forms mRNA 6. RNA polymerase helps to form the new mRNA 7. Initiation Signal and Termination signals are set
The final step in RNA processing is to add what?
Cap and Tail
When transcription is complete what gets added to form a final RNA molecule?
Cap and Tail gets added to either end.
What is the purpose of Transcription?
Carry the code/instructions out of the nucleus. remember, the DNA never leaves the nucleus, mRNA is the messenger that leaves the Nucleus.
What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA RNA Nitrogen base AGCT AGCU Type of Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Shape Double Helix single strand
Central Dogma of Genetics
DNA--->Transcription to RNA--->Translation to proteins
What are the sequences of the nitrogen bases that are involved in the making of proteins ?
EXONS Introns are there also, but we DONT need them
What gets cut out of the RNA while the RNA is still inside the Nucleus?
INTRONS are cut out. Once the INTRONS are cut out of the RNA they can be sent to the Ribosomes
Central Dogma of Genetics
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) to protein. It states that genes specify the sequence of mRNA molecules, which in turn specify the sequence of proteins . The Central Dogma: DNA Encodes RNA, RNA Encodes Protein.
Transcription:
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
When are the Introns and EXons copied from the DNA?
When the mRNA is formed.
What size section of DNA does transcription copy?
a small section to be sent to the ribosome as the instructions for protein synthesis.
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA-(messenger) copies instructions in DNA and carries to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm tRNA(transfer)--carries amino acids to the ribosome and mRNA. (building blocks of protein) rRNA--composes the Ribosome
What do the cap and tail help identify?
they help identify the Start of the instructions and the end of the instructions
