Transcultural Healthcare- Chapter 8 Vocabulary, Workbook, Notes and Learning Objectives

Buddhists believe that hard work and right living enables people to attain ____________.

Nirvana

"Rules" for behaivor in a group

Norms

What interferes with providing culturally sesitive nursing care?

Prejudice, ethnocentrism, and stereotyping

Catholic or Episcopal clergy person

Priest

The nurse is caring for a client from an Asian culture. What nursing action would be appropriate when caring for a child?

Touch the childs hand or arm when looking at the child

Unbiased care of persons from all races, religions, and ethnic groups

Transcultural Nursing

_________is nursing that considers the religious and sociocultural backgrounds for all clients.

Transcultural nursing

Identify three barriers to providing culturally competent nursing care.

---Knowledge of cultural diversity is vital at all levels of nursing practice ---Approaches to nursing practice that do not incorporate cultural sensitivity are ineffective ---Knowledge about cultures and their impact on interactions with healthcare is essential for nurses.

List the people who perform rituals as part of the healing process in various ethnic and religious groups.

---Among Native Americans, rituals are usually preformed by Shamans (medicine man) ---Latinos/Mexicans/Hispanics, work with herbs and couseling by Curanderos ---Muslims, rituals are preformed by the Mullahs ---Christians, rituals are preformed by priest or ministers ---Jews, rituals are preformed by the Rabbis

A nurse caring for a client recognizes the patients need for spiritual support. Which of the following interventions should the nurse preform?

---Ask the client to contact a spiritual leader. Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to contact a spiritual leader. It would not be appropriatefor the nurse to instruct the client to visit religious places or listen to spiritual discourses. Nor would it be appropriate for the nurse to recite spiritual stories to the client.

Discuss at least two ways in which each of the following influence nursing care: Values and beliefs, taboos and rituals, concepts of health and illness, language and communication, diet and nurtrition, elimination, and death and dying.

---Beliefs and Values: A) Each ethnic/cutural group has beliefs or concepts the members believe to be true. B) Beliefs that an individual develops are ingrained by 10 years of age. C) Beliefs can be based on fact, fiction, or a combination of both. D) Beliefs can be difficult to change. A change in belief systems can be a milestone in an individual's life. E) A group lives by values which shape how an individual percieves right or wrong and what is desirable or valuable. F) Values influence person's responses to the world and to others. G) People's values define who they are, their identitiy, and their views of the world. H) Each person's values are unique and influence behavior and self-esteem. I) From values evolve norms, whcih become rules for behavior in a group. Society develps sanctions or laws that serve to enforce norms. J) The issues of life and death are value-laden concepts that affect nursing. For example: the decision to terminate life support, have an elective abortion, or refuse blood products may be related to the clients cutural, ethnic, or religious beliefs and values. ---Taboos and Rituals: A) Every culture has taboos that its memebers cannot violate without discomfort and risk of seperation from the group. B) Each culture also has rituals which members are required to practice for comfort, acceptance, and inclusion. C) Rituals are usually performed by individuals within a culture who maintain a high level of respect and authority among their peers. D) Often taboos and rituals are associated with religious or spirtual services pertaining to healing, death, or dying. ---Health and Illness: A) Culture greatly influences an individual's concepts of health and illness. Such beliefs can affect a person's recovery from illness or injury. B) Each society has norms relating to the meaning of illness, how an ill perosn should behave, and what means should be used to assist him or her. C) Caution should be observed with learning concepts of culture because it is possible to stereotype individuals based on perceived cultural generalizations. Clients are usually happy to explain their belief to you, so you can better understand and care for them. D) Mental illness is not accepted in all cultures as a consequence of biological disease. The belief that chemical changes in the brain can cause mental disorders is a relatively new concepts for many cultures. Some cultures consider mental disorders a disgrace to the individual and to the family. E) Some may consider behavior to be deviant because an individual chooses not to follow culture norms (length of hair, type of dress, type of lifestyle) ---Language and Communication: A) The nurse and the clients may speak different languages. B) A person may speak English in everyday life but may be uncomfortable trying to use medical terms in their second language. C) People may find it difficult to speak in a second language when they are ill. Difficulties arise when there is no one there to translate. E) Such situations may interfere with client care. Accurate interpretation of verbal and non-verbal communication is particularly important in an area such as the mental health unit, where these factors are integral to diagnosis and treatment. F) Ways to facilitate communication are: Preofessional interpreter, Family as interpreter, and nurse as the interpreter. G)Personal space and touching (touching is often culture related; nurses must touch clients to perform treatments however they need to remain aware that taboos are also involved in some instances such as Europeans often pat children on the head as a sign of affection however in the Asian culture touching a child on the head is a sign of disrespect and is believed to cause illness. H) Eye contact can give important cues about clients. This action is culturally influenced. In most European-based cultures direct eye contact is considered normal. ---Diet and Nutrition: A) In some cultures, women and men do not eat together or do not eat with children. In other cultures eating is a family event, and all family memebers eat together B) Some religions maintain strict dietary practices. For example those who practice Orthodox Judasim and Islam do not eat pork and will not eat meant and dairy products together. They also keep seperate dishes for these foods. C) Mormon and Seventh Day Aventist religions, diet also plays an important part. Most followers eliminate tea, coffee, alcohol, and strong spices. D) Most ethnic groups have special food customs and rituals surrounding holidays and special events such as weddings.

How does cutural sensitivity help a nurse provide better care?

---By understanding and accepting others' behaviors. Rationale: Cutural sensitivity helps the nurse to understand and accept the behaviors of others. It is crucial in the delivery of competent nursing care.

Define and state the components of culture, subculture, race, minorities, and ethnicity.

---Culture- is the accumulated learning for generational groups of individuals within structured or non-structured societies. Individuals experience cutural heritage with others. It is heritage that is learned through formal and informal experiences through the life-cycle. Culture consists of the combinded heritage of language and communication style, health beliefs and health practices, customs and rituals, and religious beliefs and practices. Culture is influenced by the enviorment, exspectations of society and national origin. The way an individual behaves in social groups and as an individual with in that group is also part of ones culture. An individual learns, evaluates, and behaves according to specified values, individual beliefs, and lifelong practices. A pattern of values, attitudes, social, political, economic, educational, and other behaviors emerge from the learned culture and are shared in a defined group over time as an identifiable heritage ---Subculture- are groups within dominant cultures. Subcultures form because individuals share characteristics that belong to an identifiable group such as occupations, religions, geographic orgins, or age. The term american is correctly used to define all persons living in North, Central, or South America. Minorities within a population may be identified as subcultures ---Race- The term race is used to differentiate large groups of humankind that share common biological and sociological characteristics. Race implies genetic characteristics associated with having ancestors from a specific part of the world. Race should not be confused with ethnicity or culture. ---Minority- the smaller in number of groups in a certain population; or segments of population having different characteristics or backgrounds than the majority. The term minority can be misleading. For example: Texas rancher in the skyscrapers of Manhattan can be seen as minority. ---Ethnicity- Is the common heritage shared by a specific culture. Now many people work hard to retain their cultural and ethnic identification. This is demonstrated in Scandinavian celebrations in the midwest; Hispanic celebrations of Cinco de Mayo in the southwest, traditional Mardi Gras celebrations in LA, Native American pow wows, and chinese new year celebration.

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---Elimination: A) People of various cultures treat the elimination of bodily wastes differently. B) Many cultures consider elimination to be a private function. Some people are unable to use a bed pan or commode unless they are provided with complete privacy, which may be difficult in a healthcare facility. C) Many people of the Arab cultures consider the left hand dirty and use it only to clean themselves after elimination. ---Death and Dying: A) Some cultural groups consider death a natural part of life that is not to be feared (for example Asian cultures consider death to be preordained, believing that when a persons time to die has come nothing can stop it) B) Western culture tries to prevent death and to prolong life at all costs C) Ways of mourning are also different. Some cultural groups believe that the person is happier or better off and rejoice and others cry and mourn loudly. D) Others isolate children from death not allowing them to see a dead body. In some cultures a pregnant woman is not allowed to see a dead body fearing danger to the fetus. E) Many cultures forbid suicide; in some cultures the person who commits suicide may not be allowed a funeral or traditional burial.

A nurse is carring for a Muslim-Arab female client. Which of the following is the most expected reaction of the client when the nurse is conducting an assessment?

---Exhibits no facial expressions. Rationale: A muslim-arab woman would not exhibit any facial expressions when the nurse is conducting an assessment. Most Muslim-Arab women are uncomfortable with eye-to-eye or direct eye contact with another person, especially if the person is male. The client would not be very comfortable when the nurse touches her as part of the assessment.

What health belief system is dominated by supernatural forces?

---Magicoreligious Rationale: The magicoreligious health belief system is dominated by supernatural forces. The belief that physical and biomedical processess can be studied and manipulated to control life is called scientific/biomedical belief. The belief that the forces of nature must be kept balanced is called holistic nursing. The belief that illness develops when life forces are out of balance is called hot-cold theories or yin-yang.

Compare and contrast the following belief systems: magicoreligious, Scientific/Biomedical, Holistic medicine, yin-yang and hot-cold.

---Magicoreligious: A) The belief that supernatural forces dominate (Example: Christian Scientist religion believes in healing by prayer alone.) B) Many people believe we are influenced by spirits, gods, or demons. C) Some cultures believe fate decides life which is designed by a higher spiritual being. It is often not necessary that the individual understands the event. D) Other groups believe that illness and adversity serve as punishment for sins. Some people believe that trouble or pain is Gods will. ---Scientific/Biomedical: A) The belief that physical and biomedical processes can be studied and manipulated to control life. (Example: The Shintoist religion believes that people are inherently good; illness is caused when the person comes in contact with pollutants. B) Western medicine often takes the approach that the body has individual body systems (pulmonary, endocrine, integumentary). Therefore sprecialists are hired to address the specific concerns of disease or injured parts of the human body. ---Holistic Medicine: A) The belief that the forces of nature must be kept balanced. The holistic approach combines the physical, psychologicalo, and spiritual health or illness of an individual. B) Health is defined in terms of person's relationship with nature and the universe (wholeness). Life is considered only one aspect of nature. C) From this belief system comes holistic medicine, herbal medicine, and concepts of mother earth. D) Native Americans and Asians follow holistic approach. E) Therapies such as chiropractic and acupuncture are based on this theory. F) Native Americans often follow three holistic concepts: Prevention, Treatment, and Health Maintenance ---Yin-Yang and Hot-Cold: A) The belief that illness develops when life forces are out of balance. B) People also believe in a complex system of five basic energies/elements/substances in nature (wood, fire, earth, metal, water). This theory is an expansion of yin-yang and is also involved in the healing process. C) Filipino and Hispanic groups believe that heat, cold, wetness, and dryness must be balanced for health. D) Certain illnesses are considered hot or cold, wet or dry. Foods, activities, medications, and herbal substances, classified as hot or cold are added or subtracted to bring about balance. E) Some other ethnic groups who use the Yin-Yang theory are: Asians, African American, Arab, Muslim, and Caribbean. Various ethnic groups have differing beliefs as to which illnesses and which treatments are hot or cold.

A client wants to know the reason for the higher precentage of non-whites diagnosed with mental illness in the United States. Which of the following should the nurse's response include?

---Poverty Rationale: Poverty is one of the reasons for the higher percentage of nonwhites diagnosed with mental illness in the US. Family conflicts, genetic disorders, and stressful lifestyles are not the reasons for these situations.

Define and give examples of prejudice, ethnocentrism, and stereotyping.

---Prejudice- Is belief based on preconceived notions about certain groups of people. Predjudices can be unfair, biased beliefs. Overweight individuals, homosexuals, racial groups, and others have been victims of prejudice. Prejudice can exist in subtler forms, an example would be a fixed negitive opinion against authority figures that some people harbor. ---Ethnocentrism- Is the belief that one's own culture is the best and only acceptable way. It shows lack of cultural sensitivity. If a person is ethnocentric he or she is unable to see the value in other cultures. ---Stereotyping- Refers to classifying or catergorizing people and believing that all those belonging to a certain group are alike. In the movies the villian is consider the guy with the black hat and the hero is the guy in the white hat. Stereotyping implies preconcieved but often incorrect, negative notions.

A nurse is appointed to care for a Muslim client. What beliefs or practices should the nurse be aware of when dealing with this client?

---Prohibit pork and alcohol Rationale: The nurse should be aware that pork and alcohol are prohibited among muslims. Jews observe kosher dietary laws abd decline diagnostic test on holy days. Hindus believe in faith healing.

In which of the following health beliefs are the physical and biomedical processes studied and manipulated to control life?

---Scientific Rationale:The Scientific/Biomedical health belief system involves the study of physical and biomedical processes. According to magicoreligious belief, supernatural forces dominate health. Holsitic medicine believes that forces of nature must be balanced. Yin-Yang theory believes that illness is developed when life forces are out of balance.

Identify at least three important qualifications for a professional interpreter.

---The interpreter should know and understand the nuances of medical language. ---The interpreter should know the formal, slang, and conversational levels of the language that he or she is interpretiing ---The interpreter should be able to communicate with out inferring judgment, bias, or personal opinions.

Assess the importance of religious and spiritual beliefs for clients experiencing illnesses.

---The interrelationship among culutures, religious beliefs, and healthcare is very strong. ---A basic knowledge of a clients belief system will show cultural sensitivity, respect, and dignity. ---With knowledge of the individuals belief system, the client, the clients family, and the clients community of significant others will be more apt to be compliant to necessary medical interventions, lifestyle changes, dietary changes, and treatment regimens. ---Each individual is unique and often has a mixture of belief systems so it is important to not stereotype a client with any one religion, culture, or belief system. ---Although tenets of catholic church forbid artificial birth control, many practicing catholics use birth control products.

A nurse is assigned to work in a healthcare facility in an area with a culture with which she is unfamiliar. What assessments should the nurse perform as a part of transcultural nursing?

---The nurses own cutural background. ---Language and communication patterns of the client. ---Religious beliefs and practices of the client. Rationale: The nurse's own cultureal background, language and communication patterens, and religious beliefs and practices are some of the areas that should be assessed as a part of cultural assessment. Living habits and intellectual level of the client are not part of cutural assessment.

An asian couple visits the healthcare center with their 2 year-old child, who has a mild temperature. In relation to beliefs about personal space and touching what approach should the nurse take when caring for this client?

---Touch the child on the arm. Rationale: Because the clients of asian orientation, touching the child on the arm would be the safest approach. In some asian cultures touching the child on the head is considered a sign of disrespect and is believed to cause illness. Kissing the child on the cheeks or tightly hugging the child is not considered appropriate by Asians.

What are the components of cultural heritage?

---subculture ---minorities ---ethnic and racial mixes

Many definitions are possible for culture. Culture refers to what?

A shared set of beliefs and values among a specific group of people.

Buddhism:

Abortion: Acceptable Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: None Specified Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Avoid extremes; some restricted food combinations Healing Beliefs: Do not believe in healing through faith Healing Practices: No restrictions Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Family, community

Islam:

Abortion: No Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: Circumcision and other ceremonies Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Prohibit pork and alcohol Healing Beliefs: Varies Healing Practices: Some use of herbal remedies and faith healing Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Family and friends

Jehovah's Witness:

Abortion: No Autopsy: Acceptable if required by law Birth Control: Sterilization forbidden, other methods are individual choice Birth-Related Religious Practices: None specified Blood and Blood Products: No; autologous blood transfusions allowed by some Diet: Abstain from tobacco and alcohol Healing Beliefs: Faith healing forbidden Healing Practices: Reading scriptures brings comfort Medications: Acceptable except for blood derived products Organ Donations: Forbidden Surgical Procedures: Acceptable, no blood products allowed (except perhaps autologous) Visitors: Family, elders, and memebers of congregation

Hinduism:

Abortion: No policy exists Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: Jata-karma and other ceremonies Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: No meats Healing Beliefs: Faith healing acceptable Healing Practices: Traditional faith healing system Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Family, community, and priest

Christian Science:

Abortion: Not acceptable Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: None Specified Blood and Blood Products: Not typically practiced Diet: No restrictions Healing Beliefs: Physical and moral healing through belief system Healing Practices: Full-time healing ministers; spiritual healing praticed Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Not typically practiced Surgical Procedures: No medical procedures permitted Visitors: Family, friends, members of christian science community, healers and christian science nurses

Roman Catholic:

Abortion: Not acceptable Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Natural means only Birth-Related Religious Practices: Baptism of infant Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Moderation of dietary practices Healing Beliefs: Many as part of belief system Healing Practices: Sacrament of Sick Medications: Acceptable (but not birth control) Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable except for abortion and sterilization Visitors: Family, friends, and priest

Church of Jeasus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons):

Abortion: Not acceptable Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Not acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: Baptism at 8 years of age or older Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Prohibit use of alcohol, tea, coffee, and tobacco (herbal teas ok) Healing Beliefs: Power of God can heal Healing Practices: Anointing with oil, sealing, prayer, laying on of hands Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Elder and Sister, family, friends, and friends of church

Seventh-Day Adventist:

Abortion: Therapeutic acceptable Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: None specified Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Vegitarian diet encouraged Healing Beliefs: Divine Healing Healing Practices: Anointing with oil and prayer Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Family, friends, pastor, and elders

Protestant Groups (Episcopalian, Lutheran, Methodist):

Abortion: Varies Autopsy: Acceptable Birth Control: Acceptable Birth-Related Religious Practices: Baptism of infant or older child depending on group Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Varies, moderation encouraged Healing Beliefs: Some faith healing; medical care expected Healing Practices: Prayers offered Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Family, friends, and minister

Judaism:

Abortion: Varies, therapeutic may be acceptable Autopsy: Acceptable; all body parts must be buried together Birth Control: Acceptable except with Orthodox Jews Birth-Related Religious Practices: Circumcision Blood and Blood Products: Acceptable Diet: Some use only kosher-prepared foods; milk and meat not mixed; prohibit predatory fowl, shellfish, and pork products Healing Beliefs: Medical care exspected Healing Practices: Prayers offered Medications: Acceptable Organ Donations: Acceptable in certain circumstances; practice varies Surgical Procedures: Acceptable Visitors: Family, friends and rabbi

What are the racial categories according to the federal goverment?

According to the federal goverment standards, the five racial categories are: ---American Indian or Alaskan Native (orgins in north and south america, including central america) ---Asian (orgins in the Far East, Southeast Asia or the Indian Subcontinent) ---Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (orgins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, orother Pacific Island) ---Black or African American (orgins in any of the black racial groups of africa) ---White (orgins in Europe, Middle East, or North Africa)

____________Supernatural forces can cause disease and influence recovery

African Americans

____________illness is caused by infectious microorganisms, organ degeneration and unhealthy lifestyles.

Anglo Americans

_____________health is a result of a balance between yin and yang energy; illness results when equilibrium is disturbed

Asian American

What should you do when caring for a client whose health practices are different from yours (the nurses)?

Ask the client to explain the practice

Concepts that a person or group thinks are true

Beliefs

African American:

Countries of Orgin: ---Africa ---Dominican Republic ---Haiti ---Jamaica ---West Indian Islands Family: ---Close and supportive extended family relationships ---Develop strong kinship ties with nonblood relatives from church or organizational and social groups ---Family unity, loyalty, and cooperation are important. ---Frequently matriarchal Folk and Traditional Healthcare: ---Varies extensively and may include traditional Western medicine, spiritualists, herb doctors, root doctors, conjurers, skilled elder family members, voodoo, and faith healing. Health Belief: ---Supernatural forces can cause disease and influence recovery Values and Beliefs: ---Present oriented ---Members of the African American clergy are highly respected in the community ---Frequently highly religious Common Health Concerns: ---Hypertension ---Sickle cell anemia ---Skin disorders: inflammation of hair follicles, various types of dermatitis, and excessive growth of scar tissue (keloids) ---Lactose enzyme deficiency ---Tuberculosis

Anglo American:

Countries of Orgin: ---Western Europe Family: ---Nuclear family highly valued ---Consideration for the individual is highly valued as compared with group or family values ---Elderly family members may live in a nursing home when they can no longer care for themselves. Folk and Traditional Healthcare: ---Self-diagnosis of illness ---Use of over the counter drugs (especially vitamins and analgesics) ---Dieting (especially fad diets) ---Exercise and nutrition used to prevent illness. Health Belief: ---Illness is caused by infectious microorganisms, organ degeneration, and unhealthy lifestyles. Values and Beliefs: ---Youth is valued over age ---Cleanliness ---Orderliness ---Attractiveness ---Individualism ---Achievement ---Punctuality Common Health Concerns: ---Cardiovascular disease ---Gastronintestinal diseases ---Obesity ---Some forms of cancer ---MVA ---Suicides ---Mental Illness ---Chemical abuses ---Diabetes mellitus and its complications

_____________Illness and misfortune occur as punishment from God, referred to as castigo de Dios, or by an imbalance of "hot" or "cold" forces within the body

Hispanic or Latino

State in which a group has members from many different cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds

Cultural Diversity

Understanding and tolerating all cultures and lifestyles

Cultural Sensitivity

__________is the understanding and tolerance of all cultures and lifestyles

Cultural Sensitivity

The concepts, habits, skills, and institutions of a given group of people (civilization)

Culture

____________Accumulated learning for generational groups of individuals within structured or nonstructured societies

Culture

____________is the accumalted learning for generational groups of individuals within structured or nonstructured societies.

Culture

What does culture consist of?

Culture consists of language and communication, health beliefs and practices, customs and rituals, and religious belief and practices.

A lay person, in Latino cultures, who assists a client with herbs and counseling during an illness

Curandero

Sense of identification of a collective cultural group, based on common heritage

Ethnicity

____________common heritage shared by a specific culture

Ethnicity

____________is the common heritage shared by a specific culture.

Ethnicity

Belief that one's own culture is the best and only acceptable way

Ethnocentrism

An approach to nursing that considers a clients religious and socio-cultural backgrounds during treatment, also known as ethnic sensitive nursing

Ethnonursing

Caring for clients while taking into consideration their religious and sociocultural background is called____________.

Ethnonursing

Cultural and religious traditions are always followed by every member of a community. (T/F)

False- Cultural and religious traditions are not always followed by every member of a community

Kosher laws govern dietary practices for Muslims. (T/F)

False- Kosher laws govern dietary practices for Orthodox Jews.

The technique for compressing the energy pathway points is called acumassage. (T/F)

False- The technique for compressing the energy pathway points is called acupressure.

Muslim clergy person

Imam

Buddhist/Hindu belief that reincarnation depends on behavior in life; it is also significant in promoting health and causing disease

Karma

The belief that supernatural forces dominate is called____________.

Magicoreligious

What can affect the delivery and acceptance of traditional Western healthcare.

Many ethnic/cutural factors

Christian clergy person (protestant); Pastor (catholic or protestant); also to provide care to a person to minister to a persons needs

Minister

the smaller in number of groups in a certain population; or segments of population having different characteristics or backgrounds than the majority

Minority

Healer in some muslim faiths

Mullah

Buddhist/Hindu state of enlightenment in which the soul no longer lives in the body and its free from desire and pain

Nirvana

Racial mixing has blurred the __________characteristics of individuals.

Physical

An opinion formed without knowing the facts

Predjudice

_________is a belief based on preconceived notions about certain groups of people.

Predjudice

Jewish clergy person

Rabbi

____________Implies genetic characteristics associated with having ancestors from a specific part of the world

Race

term used to differentiate large groups of humankind that share common genetic characteristics associated with having ancestors from a specific part of the world

Race

Practices that provide a group with comfort, acceptance, and inclusion

Rituals

A native american medicine man or women

Shaman

Classifying or catergorizing people; believing that all those who belong to a certain group are alike

Stereotype

Groups within a dominant culture who share a characteristic such as profession, religion, geographical orgin, age, etc.

Subculture

____________are the groups within dominant cultures.

Subculture

_____________Groups within dominant cultures

Subcultures

Practices or beliefs that a group's members cannot violate without discomfort and risk of exclusion

Taboos

List the culturally influenced components that are common to many members of a cultural group.

The culturally influenced components are classified on: ---basis of values and beliefs ---taboos and rituals ---concepts of health and illness ---language and communication ---diet and nutrition practices ---attitudes toward death and dying

Which are The four subcultures identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?

The four subcultures indentified by the CDC are: ---African Americans ---Latinos/Hispanics/Mexicans ---Asian Americans ---Native Americans

List the nursing considerations that need to be considered as part of a cultural assessment.

Transculutural nursing stresses that many subgroups exists within each culture. Not all members of a group share the same beliefs or tradtions. Consider the following elements as you work with others: ---Your own culture background; differences and similarities between you and the client ---Definition of health and illness accepted by an ethnic group ---Importance of religion, religious beliefs, and religious practices. ---Concepts relating to causes of illnesses and injury. ---Ethnic/folk medicine practices; the use of special clothing, amulets, or rituals. ---Attitudes toward various types and models of healthcare, eg, holstic, biomedical, spiritual. ---Relationships, responsibilities, and roles of men and women (decision-makers) ---Economic level of client/family (socioeconomic status) ---Enviormental factors and related disorders (poverty, lead poisoning) ---Verbal and nonverbal communication patterns (personal space, touching, eye contact) ---Language differences between healthcare staff and client/ family ---Modesty, machismo, and concept of the human body ---Reactions to pain, birth, and death ---Reactions to aging and care of the elderly ---Capacity of resourcces for and sources for support persons such as the family, friends, or religious groups ---Attitudes about factors such as physical appearence, amputation, obesity, adaptation to prescribed threrapeutic diets ---Group identity; importance and type of family structure, cohesiveness within the group; traditional roles of men and women. ---Visibility of ethnic background (aftican american, asisan american) ---Disorders specific to an ethnic group (Tay-Sachs, Sickle cell anemia) ---Attitudes about education, time, and authority ---Predominant occupations within the group, role models ---Westernization of younger memebers ---Number of people belonging to that group in the same geographic area as the healthcare facility ---Prejudice within a cultural group relating to other members of the same group; stereotypes of and prejudices against other particular groups ---Mixed families (mixed race, religion, or cultural backgrounds)

Acupuncture, acupressure, food and herbs are used to restore balance. (T/F)

True

Culture is influeneced by enviorment, expectations of society, and national orgin. (T/F)

True

Many cultures subscribe to beliefs such as karma, yin-yang, spirits, or fate as causes and cures for illnesses. (T/F)

True

The mix of eithnic groups in the United States continually changes. (T/F)

True

A person's or group's "rights" and "wrongs" or what is considered desirable or important

Values

Yin and yang represent "unified opposites" that are interrelated. A yin condition requires a yang treatment and vice versa. The forces of nature are balanced to provide harmony and homeostasis.

Yin - Yang 1) matter vs energy 2) female vs male 3) negative vs positve 4) darkness/night vs light/day 5) cold vs warmth 6) emptiness vs fullness 8) weak vs strong 9) expansion vs contration 10) hypfunction vs hyperfuntion

Belief system that emphasizes balance and its influence on illness and health

Yin-Yang

The nurse may suggest a visit from a spiritual leader but should not what?

call one without first asking the client.

The mix of ethnic groups in the US changes how often?

continually

Culture and religious traditions are not always followed by who?

every member of a group.

Transcultural communication is facillitated through the use of a professional____________.

interpretor

When caring for a Muslim client what dietary restrictions whould you exspect to see?

no pork or alcohol

To facilitate communication and promote good nursing care, the should be acquainted with what?

the predominant cultural and religious groups within the community.