Trauma 1-3

The first step in the triage protocol is: A) determine LOC and vital signs B) assess anatomy of injury C) assess special patient or system considerations D) assess mechanism of injury

A

The most common body area with vehicular mortality is the: A) head B) abdomen C) spine D) chest

A

The most lethal explosions are those that: A) causes structural collapse B) produce great heat C) are in confined spaces D) have flechettes or other missiles

A

The presence of frothy blood from a gunshot wound to the chest may indicate a developing tension pneumothorax. A) true B) flase

A

The pressure shock wave is the damage done as the projectile strikes tissue, contuses and tears that tissue, and pushes the tissue out of its way. A) true B) false

A

The relationship between mass and velocity explains why: A) very small and relatively light bullets have a potential to do great harm. B) if you double the speed of an object, its kinetic energy also doubles. C) handguns and shotguns are considered low-energy/low-velocity weapons. D) a high-energy rifle bullet's kinetic energy is the same as that of a medium-energy handgun bullet.

A

The tissue structure that is most likely to rupture and spill its contents when it is stuck with projectile is: A) a hollow organ B) a lung C) a solid organ D) connective tissue

A

The types of shock that are associated wit system wide vasodilation are: A) septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic B) cardiogenic, anaphylactic, hypovolemic C) neurogenic, septic, cardiogenic D) obstructive, cardiogenic, neurogenic

A

When establishing patient priorities, using the CUPS acronym, the "P" stands for: A) possibly unresponsive. B) permanent damage. C) potentially unstable. D) priority transport.

C

Tissue cells in front of bullets are pushed forward and to the side. They, in turn, push adjacent cells forward and outward. This is known as: A) the pressure shock wave. B) direct injury. C) cavitation. D) zone of injury.

A

To prevent tumbling, bullets are sent spinning through the air by the gun barrel's rifling. A) true B) false

A

Which of the following is TRUE regarding air bags? A) Child carriers should be secured in the back seat because air bag inflation may push the carrier into the seat with tremendous force causing serious injury or death to the child. B) Air bags, overall, have had little affect in reducing injury and death in vehicular crashes. C) If an air bag has deployed, there is no need to check the steering wheel for deformity. D) The air bag must be triggered by the driver to deploy.

A

Which of the following is a characteristic of a handgun bullet in contract to a riffle bullet? A) is has a blunter shape B) is it more likely to fragment C) it travels at a greater velocity D) all of these are correct

A

Which of the following is likely to aid in the clotting process? A) immobilization B) hypothermia C) aggressive fluid resuscitation D) regimen of asprin

A

Which of the following medical conditions will NOT cause a patient to experience distributive shock? a. Cardiac tamponade b. Anaphylaxis c. Sepsis d. All of the above can cause distributive shock

A

Which of the following signs may differentiate distributive shock from hypovolemic shock? A) flushed skin B) absence of diaphoresis C) presence of tachycardia D) chief complaint of dyspnea

A

Which of the following will generate the greatest amount of kinetic energy? A) a 60 kg object traveling 60 mph B) a 90 kg object traveling at 30 mph C) a 80 kg object traveling at 40 mph D) a 70 kg object traveling at 50 mph

A

Which of the statements it TRUE concerning young children when struck by an automobile A) they will typically turn towards the car B) they are frequently thrown onto the hood of their body weight C) they will turn away from the car jut before impact D) they are frequently thrown over the car due to low body weight

A

Why are some bullets designed to tumble when fired from a gun? A) tumbling creates greater tissue damage B) tumbling decreasing the force of impact C) tumbling bullets are faster D) penetration is streamlined with tumbling

A

A physical injury or wound caused by an external force or violence is known as a: A) mechanism. B) trauma. C) directed injury. D) orceful entry.

B

All of the following can cause hypovolemic shock EXCEPT: A) ascites B) cardiac dysrhythmias C) pancreatitis D) bowel obstruction

B

At the cellular level, during low perfusion states when the post-capillary sphincter relaxes, this is called the _______ phase. A) final B) washout C) stagnation D) ischemia

B

During the capillary washout phase as it relates to hemorrhagic shock: A) cardiac output increases slightly B) metabolic acidosis occurs C) perfusion improves as clogged capillaries are cleared D) post-capillary sphincters tighten causing blockages

B

Following injury and volume loss, the patient is often: A) hyperactive B) hyperglycemic C) hypoglycemic D) flushed and warm

B

Handguns and rifles are considered medium-velocity weapons. A) true B) false

B

If you arrive at the scene of a shooting or stabbing before law enforcement, make every effort to secure the scene. A) true B) false

B

Impaled objects in the chest should be removed and an occlusive dressing applied. A) true B) false

B

Is responding to the scene of a blast, for your safety, it is important to remember: A) that it takes hours for the pressure wave to dissipate and you do not want to get too close to the scene B) this could be an act of terrorism and there may be secondary explosive devices C) that you may have multiple patients D) that lung injuries are going to be common, and this could spread an infectious disease such as hepatitis

B

Muscles, the skin, and other connective tissues are dense, elastic, and very well held together. A) true B) false

B

One of the reasons that the use of whole blood or packed red blood cells is impractical in the field is the: A) inability to gain a patient's consent for use. B) short shelf life. C) type of tubing required for administration of blood. D) inability to carry enough blood volume to be effective.

B

Recent evidence suggests that __________________ may NOT be as good an injury severity predictor as once thought. A) a decrease in blood pressure B) the mechanism of injury C) the patient's capillary refill time D) unconsciousness

B

Seal open chest wounds with a moist, sterile dressing. A) true B) flase

B

Solid organs have the same density and resiliency as muscle. A) true B) false

B

Stroke volume is predicated by: A) preload, afterload, and blood pressure. B) preload, afterload, and cardiac contractility. C) preload, afterload, and end diastolic pressure. D) preload, afterload, and heart rate.

B

Tension pneumothorax and pulmonary emboli can cause which type of shock? A) Cardiogenic B) Obstructive C) Respiratory D) Distributive

B

The body region which a penetrating wound has the greatest likelihood of drawing of drawing air into the venous system is the: A) thorax B) neck C) head D) abdomen

B

The collection of data to identify the existence, significance, and characteristics of a disease or disease process is called: A) risk analysis. B) surveillance. C) intervention development. D) implementation.

B

The damage done as a projectile strikes tissue, contuses and tears that tissue, and pushes the tissue out of its way is called: A) the pressure shock wave. B) direct injury. C) cavitation. D) zone of injury.

B

The frontal impact is the MOST common type of impact in motor vehicle crashes. One of the pathways of patient travel during a frontal impact is: A) around-and-through. B) down-and-under. C) through-and-out. D) up-and-out.

B

The law of energy conservation states that ______ can neither be created or destroyed. A) inertia B) energy C) momentum D) motion

B

The layer of an artery that controls the vessel lumen size is the: A) tunica adventitia. B) tunica media. C) tunica arteriole. D) tunica intima.

B

The mental summation of anticipated injuries based on your event analysis is called: A) suspicion of trauma. B) index of suspicion. C) mechanism index. D) consideration of injury.

B

The number one cause of deaths in the United States is: A) trauma B) cardiovascular disease C) stroke D) diabetes

B

The passage of a projectile through the abdominal cavity does NOT produce a significant cavitational wave. A) true B) false

B

The population MOST at risk for trauma and trauma death is the: A) young adult female. B) young adult male. C) infant. D) elderly.

B

The step in the clotting process in which the smooth blood vessel muscle contracts, reducing the vessel lumen, is called the: A) platelet phase. B) vascular phase. C) coagulation phase. D) aggregate phase.

B

The three elements of the transport decision tree are Glasgow Coma Scale, anatomy of the injury, and: A) level of responsiveness. B) vital signs. C) distance to trauma center. D) availability of air transportation.

B

The vessels that are only one cell thick, and allow efficient gas and metabolic substrate movement into and out of the interstitial space are called: A) arterioles. B) capillaries. C) venules. D) veins.

B

Toxin release that adversely affects the vascular system's ability to control blood vessels results in: A) neurogenic shock. B) septic shock. C) positive dromotropy. D) sensitization.

B

Venous bleeding is usually: A) bright red and spurting in nature. B) dark red and flowing. C) oozing and quick clotting. D) dark red, forming droplets on the skin.

B

When a normovolemic patient is placed in the supine position, the jugular veins should be: A) flat. B) fully distended. C) partially distended. D) bulging.

B

When a vehicle occupant strikes the vehicle's interior, it is called a(n): A) vehicle collision. B) body collision. C) secondary collision. D) additional collision.

B

When arriving at the scene of a shooting or stabbing, your FIRST priority is: A) the patient's airway. B) your safety. C) removing any weapons from the patient's reach. D) the preservation of evidence.

B

When bullets mushroom, their profile, energy exchange rate, and damage potential increase. A) true B) false

B

When determining the mechanism of injury, you will identify the: A) number of patients B) forces involved in the collision C) person who caused the collision D) need for additional recourses

B

When the kinetic energy force, but NOT the object, enters the body and damages tissues, the result is called: A) penetrating trauma. B) blunt trauma. C) exsanguination. D) internal trauma.

B

When using a blood pressure cuff as a tourniquet, you should place the cuff: A) distal to the hemorrhage and inflate to 20 to 30 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure. B) proximal to the hemorrhage and inflate to 20 to 30 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure. C) distal to the hemorrhage and inflate to 30 to 40 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure. D) proximal to the hemorrhage and inflate to 30 to 40 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure.

B

When ventilating a patient each breath should move a tidal volume of ____ mL. A) 250 B) 500 C) 750 D) 1000

B

Which of the following increases the kinetic energy of an object most quickly? A) the temperature of the object B) increasing object speed C) increasing object mass D) how long the object was in motion

B

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bullets? A) Handgun bullets generally deform significantly on impact with soft tissue. B) Most military ammunition seldom deforms solely with soft-tissue collision. C) Some bullets are designed to mushroom on impact, decreasing their profile and energy exchange rate. D) Some firearm projectiles fragment, which decreases their profile and damage potential.

B

Which of the following is TRUE regarding motorcycle crashes? A) Helmets have greatly reduced the incidence of spinal trauma. B) "Laying the bike down" results in the bike absorbing much of the energy. C) Actual ejection during a motorcycle crash is uncommon. D) Leather clothing and boots protect the rider against fractures and dislocations.

B

Which of the following is a catecholamine? A) erythropoietin B) epinephrine C) angiotensin II D) aldosterone

B

Which of the following will generate the greatest amount of kinetic energy that will make the greatest impact on a trauma victim? A) acceleration B) velocity C) mass D) deceleration

B

Wounds from handguns are just as lethal as those from rifles. A) true B) false

B

You are treating a male weighing 70 kg who has lost 15-25 percent of his blood volume. What stage of hemorrhage would this patient be in? A) class III or stage 3 B) class II or stage 2 C) class IV or stage 4 D) class I or stage 1

B

You should consider removing impaled objects in: A) the head. B) the cheek. C) the abdomen. D) an extremity.

B

Your patient has been shot in the chest with a handgun. Care would include all of the following EXCEPT: A) high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask. B) sealing the wound with an occlusive dressing secured on all four sides. C) consideration of needle decompression for tension pneumothorax. D) preparation for endotracheal intubation if breathing becomes inadequate.

B

Your patient has lost approximately 20 percent of his total blood volume. He is anxious, restless, and has cool, clammy skin. In which stage of hemorrhage is he? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4

B

Fractures of the pelvis can account for a blood loss: A) up to 1,500 mL B) up to 500 mL C) in excess of 2,000 mL D) from 500-700 mL

C

High-concentration oxygen as needed should be applied to assure an oxygen saturation of at least: A) 100 percent. B) 90 percent. C) 96 percent. D) 85 percent.

C

If a patient's blood pressure decreases when he is moved from a supine to a seated position, he is said to have: A) postural vitals. B) supine hypotension. C) orthostatic hypotension. D) a "negative" tilt test.

C

In which order do the events of an auto collection usually occur? A) organ collisions, vehicle collisions, body collisions, secondary collisions B) vehicle collisions, secondary collisions, body collisions, organ collisions C) vehicle collisions, body collisions, organ collisions, secondary collisions D) body collisions, vehicle collisions, organ collisions, secondary collisions

C

Neurocenters, burn centers, and pediatric trauma centers are examples of: A) Level II trauma centers. B) clinics. C) specialty centers. D) community medical centers.

C

Once in irreversible shock, if aggressive resusitation restores the pulse and blood pressure: A) the body can regain homeostasis. B) hypoxia will resolve over days. C) death still occurs. D) peripheral vasodilation will stave off hypothermia.

C

One of the three factors associated with the results inflicted by the damage pathway of a projectile wound is: A) indirect injury. B) secondary impact. C) creation of a temporary cavity. D) fragmentation.

C

Patients with epistaxis should be placed: A) with their feet elevated to compensate for decreased blood pressure. B) in a supine position. C) in the recovery position. D) in a prone position.

C

Penetrating trauma refers to an injury in which a(n): A) projectile is forced through the tissue and embedded in an organ. B) object enters and exits the body, resulting in two wounds. C) object enters the body and exchanges energy directly with human tissue. D) object is impaled in the body.

C

Starling's law of the heart is: A) the conduction of electrical stimuli causing the heart to contract. B) the process by which arteries contract or dilate, depending on the needs of cells for oxygenated blood and waste product removal. C) the process by which an increase in cardiac output occurs in proportion to the diastolic stretch of the heart muscle fibers. D) the process by which arteries contract in response to a drop in blood pressure caused, for example, by severe hemorrhage.

C

The MOST common and serious trauma associated with explosions is: A) head injury. B) abdominal injury. C) lung injury. D) airway blockage.

C

The appearance of the entrance wound caused by a bullet: A) is always the size of the bullet's profile. B) will often have a "blown-out" look. C) may indicate signs of subcutaneous emphysema if the shot was fired at very close range. D) may accurately reflect the potential for damage caused by the bullet's passage.

C

The first step used to control external bleeding is: A) a tourniquet. B) pulse pressure points. C) direct pressure. D) elevation.

C

The formation of a shock wave and subsequent cavity within a semifluid medium is called: A) trajectory. B) drag. C) cavitation D) expansion.

C

The leading killer of persons under the age of 44 in the United States is: A) stroke B) cardiovascular disease C) trauma D) cancer

C

The molecule in the blood to which oxygen attaches is: A) cytoplasm. B) serotonin. C) hemoglobin. D) globulin.

C

The network of fibers that stick together, form a strong protein mesh, and entrap red blood cells, to form a stronger, more durable clot is: A) platelets. B) hemoglobin. C) fibrin. D) plasma.

C

The period of time between occurrences of serious injury and surgery suggested as a goal for prehospital care providers is the: A) critical differential B) platinum 10 minutes C) golden period D) trauma trauma time differential

C

The purpose of the ______ ______ concept is to remind prehospital providers to hasten care and delivery to a trauma center. A) Platinum Period B) Platinum Hour C) Golden Period D) Golden Hour

C

The study of the processes that bring forces to bear upon the human body is called: A) conservation of energy. B) inertia. C) kinetics of impact. D) kinematics.

C

The sympathetic nervous system is the division of the autonomic nervous system that: A) controls vegetative functions. B) regulates sleeping patterns. C) increases heart rate. D) regulates the digestive system.

C

The vascular system consists of three types of vessels. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding arteries? A) Arteries are relatively large, normally twice the size of veins. B) Arteries carry only oxygenated blood. C) Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body tissues. D) Arteries contain about 64 percent of the total blood volume.

C

Trauma care is predicated on the principle that serious trauma is a(n): A) circumstance best cared for by the physicians B) noncomplex medical problem C) surgical disease D) level 1 trauma center concern

C

You are assessing an 18 yom who crashed his dirt bike. Ha head an obvious closed femur fracture and abdominal pain. His mental status is alert, but initially he had a brief loss of consciousness and his vital signs are RR of 30 and shallow, Pulse of 110, and B/P of 116/58. Which stage of shock is indicated with this information. A) obstructive B) decompensated C) compensated D) distributive

C

Normal expiratory CO2 levels in the head-injured patient who is intubated, should NOT drop below: A) 45 mmHg. B) 40 mmHg. C) 35 mmHg D) 30 mmHg.

D

One of the factors that can hinder the clotting process is: A) immobilization. B) dehydration. C) fever. D) medications such as aspirin.

D

Reassessment of the trauma patient should occur every ____ minutes for the critical, unstable or potentially unstable patient, and every ___ minutes for the stable patient. A) 10, 20 B) 20, 10 C) 15, 5 D) 5, 15

D

Recreating the incident from evidence available at the scene will help you determine the: A) nature of injury. B) force of trauma. C) compression factor. D) mechanism of injury.

D

The anticipation of injuries based upon the analysis of the collision mechanism is referred to as the: A) mechanism of injury B) trauma triage criteria C) mortality predictor D) index of suspicion

D

The down and under pathway is most commonly associated with which type of auto collisions? A) rear end B) rollover C) rotational D) frontal

D

Cutaneous vasoconstriction in the shock victim contributes to: A) precapillary sphincter constriction. B) bronchoconstriction. C) hypothermia. D) organ vasodilation.

C

A bullet's profile is the: A) diameter of a bullet expressed in hundredths of an inch. B) portion of the bullet you would see if you looked at it as it traveled straight at you. C) swing or wobble around the axis of a projectile's travel. D) path a projectile follows.

B

A level 1 trauma center is usually a(n): A) trauma center with a neurologist on call 24/7 B) teaching hospital with resources available full time for emergency cases C) a trauma center with a specialized burn unit D) community hospital

B

Cardiogenic shock: A) cardiogenic B) obstructive C) respiratory D) distributive

B

Damage caused by low-velocity objects: A) can create a pressure shock wave. B) is usually restricted to tissue the object actually contacts. C) may include creation of a "blown-out" appearing exit wound. D) is usually very obvious by the size of the entrance wound.

B

During Stage 2 hemorrhage, the patient's pulse pressure will: A) remain constant. B) be noticeably narrower. C) be noticeably wider. D) widen briefly, but return to normal.

B

Entrance wounds will often have a "blown-out" appearance. A) true B) flase

B

Which of the following characteristics of a catheter will deliver fluid the fastest? A) long length, small lumen B) short length, small lumen C) long length, large lumen D) short length, large lumen

D

Which of the following devices will produce the greatest energy transfer to a human body? A) handgun B) arrow fired from a bow C) knife D) hunting rifle

D

Pericardial tamponade presents with distended jugular veins, tachycardia, hypotension, and: A) muffled heart tones. B) amplified heart tones. C) irregular heart tones. D) bounding heart tones.

A

Pharmacological intervention in patients in hypovolemic shock: A) is generally limited. B) should include dopamine along with a fluid challenge. C) should occur as soon as IV lines are placed. D) should be given through an IV line of normal saline, not lactated Ringer's solution.

A

Platelets are: A) important for clotting and blood vessel repair. B) one of the red blood cells. C) one of the fragments of cytoplasm that circulates in the blood. D) iron-based cells that bind with oxygen.

A

Precapillary sphincters dilate and permit blood flow through capillaries during times of low oxygen and carbon dioxide build up in the cells because of the release of which chemical? A) Histamine B) Epinephrine C) Dopamine D) Antihistamine

A

Rear-impact collisions usually result in limited injuries, especially if the: A) head rest is positioned properly. B) airbags deploy immediately at the time of impact. C) both a shoulder and lap seatbelt are worn. D) combined speed of the two vehicles involved is not significant.

A

Severe injury is generally associated with a fall that is: A) three times the pt's own height B) greater than 12 feet C) more than 6 feet D) twice the patients height

A

Some 90% of all trauma patients do not have serious, life endangering injuries. A) true B) false

A

The MOST cost-effective, and BEST way to reduce trauma morbidity is: A) prevention. B) stronger laws. C) greater availability of trauma centers. D) nationwide protocols for EMS responders.

A

The MOST lethal explosions are those: A) causing structural collapses. B) in confined spaces. C) involving volatile chemicals. D) creating a blast wind.

A

The abdominal organ rather tolerant to the passage of a projectile is the: A) bowel B) spleen C) liver D) pancreas

A

The blood vessels that are called the "capacitance system" are the: A) veins. B) arteries. C) capillaries. D) arterioles.

A

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of the PASG? A) Inflation of the PASG returns about 1 liter of blood to the central circulation. B) The PASG has been found not to increase peripheral vascular resistance. C) Inflation of the PASG reduces venous capacitance by as much as 1 liter. D) Inflation of the PASG pressurizes the abdominal cavity and may reduce chest excursion.

D

Which of the following types of shock would tension pneumothorax fall? A) hypovolemic B) cariogenic C) distributive D) obstructive

D

The two basic principles of kinetics are the laws of energy conservation and ________. A) inertia. B) motion. C) velocity. D) energy.

A

The blood volume of an infant or young child is proportionally: A) about 20 percent greater than that of an adult. B) about 20 percent less than that of an adult. C) about the same as that of an adult. D) variable from 10 to 20 percent less than that of an adult.

A

The damage caused by high-energy bullets rarely extends beyond the actual track of the projectile. A) true B) false

A

The draining of blood to the point at which life cannot be sustained is called: A) exsanguination B) cavitation C) Hemorrhage D) third spacing

A

An absolute contraindication for the use of PASG is: A) pulmonary edema B) abdominal evisceration C) first trimester of pregnancy D) a knife embedded in the abdomen

A

An impaled object may obstruct blood vessels, thereby restricting blood loss. A) true B) flase

A

Bullets follow a curved path once fired from a gun. A) true B) false

A

Damage caused by low-velocity wounds is limited to the object's path of travel. A) true B) false

A

Hollow organs are muscular containers holding fluid. When considering a penetrating injury to a hollow organ, remember that: A) if the container is filled with fluid at the time of impact, the energy can tear the organ apart explosively. B) if the container is filled with fluid at the time of impact, the energy is dispersed in the fluid, and little damage is done to the organ. C) a penetrating wound to the heart may result in pericardial tamponade, which results in a sudden release of blood into the thorax. D) if a hollow organ holds air, the air compresses with the passage of the pressure, resulting in explosive tissue damage and hemorrhage.

A

If a decision is made to use a tourniquet to stop external hemorrhage, an important point to remember is that: A) the accumulation of lactic acid, potassium, and anaerobic metabolites can occur with tourniquet use. B) the tourniquet should be released every 10 minutes to maintain circulation. C) you should use a thin or narrow constricting device to avoid tissue damage. D) you should apply the tourniquet properly so that arterial blood flow remains intact.

A

In trauma associated with a blast, assessment should include a high index of suspicion for A) a lung injury B) internal bleeding C) fractures D) head injury

A

Knives and arrows are objects that: A) cause low-energy/low-velocity wounds. B) are considered medium-velocity projectiles. C) produce pressure shock waves and cavitation just as bullets do. D) generally cause little internal damage.

A

Low-velocity projectiles do NOT produce either a pressure shock wave or cavitation. A) true B) false

A

Penetrating injury to lung tissue is generally less extensive than can be expected with any other body tissue. A) true B) false

A

When a _______ impact occurs, the index of suspicion for serious and life threatening internal injuries must be higher than vehicle damage alone suggests. A) lateral B) rollover C) frontal D) rear-end

A

When responding to a vehicle versus pedestrian collision, remember that: A) adults tend to turn away from the oncoming vehicle, whereas children turn toward it. B) because of their lower centers of gravity, children are often thrown onto the hood and into the windshield. C) adults are frequently thrown in front of vehicles, and then run over by them. D) children will usually be hit by the vehicle first in the leg.

A

When significant kinetic energy is applied to human anatomy, it is called: A) trauma. B) velocity. C) mass. D) force.

A

Which of the following is NOT associated with an entrance wound? A) a blown outward appearance B) subcutaneous emphysema C) a small ridge of discoloration around the wound D) tattooing

A

You are assessing a conscious and alert patient. He has been stabbed in the left side of his chest with an ice pick. Although complaining of pain at the site of penetration, the patient is NOT short of breath. Auscultation of the lungs reveals equal breath sounds clear of adventitious sounds. The pick remains lodged in the pt's chest. Based on this information, the paramedic should: A) stabilized the ice pick with a bulky dressing B) Apryl an occlusive dressing to the injury site after removing the ice pick C) remove the ice pick and control and hemorrhage with a bulky dressing D) preform a needle decompression of the left lung after stabilizing the ice pick with a bulky dressing

A

Your 28 patient was involved in a motorcycle crash at approximately 70 mph. He has a Glasgow coma scale of 12, a heart rate of 100, respiratory rate of 24, and a blood pressure of 102/68. His injuries include a pelvic fracture, a broken finger, and minor abrasions. He has met how many trauma triage protocol criteria? A) 3 B) 5 C) 2 D) 4

A

_____ ______ ______ are standards established by your system's medical direction to assist you in determining which patients require urgent transportation to a trauma center. A) Trauma triage criteria B) Trauma transport protocols C) Prehospital standing orders D) Trauma system triage

A

A medical facility that commits resources to address the MOST common trauma emergencies with surgical capability available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, is classified as a: A) Level I trauma center. B) Level II trauma center. C) Level III trauma center. D) Level IV trauma center.

B

Your patient was involved in a frontal impact collision when his car hit a tree. He was ejected from the vehicle. An important point to remember when assessing this patient is that: A) the ejection was the result of the down-and-under pathway. B) ejected victims experience two impacts. C) older cars may have "crumple zones," which allow energy to pass easily to the vehicle interior from the point of impact. D) because of advanced vehicle design, ejection is responsible for very few vehicular fatalities.

B

A helpful tool to identify risk elements associated with trauma is the: A) trauma assessment matrix. B) Glasgow Coma Scale. C) Haddon matrix. D) risk probability matrix.

C

A patient with a tension pneumothorax is in what type of shock? A) Hypovolemic shock B) Respiratory shock C) Obstructive shock D) Cardiogenic shock

C

A patient would be considered for have positive orthostatic vital changes if she displayed a: A) rise in B/P of 10-15 mm Hg and/or a concurrent rise in HR of 15-20 bpm B) rise in B/P of 15-20 mm Hg and/or a concurrent fall in HR of 15-20 bpm C) fall in B/P of 10-15 mm Hg and/or a concurrent rise in HR of 15-20 bpm D) fall in B/P of 5-15 mm Hg and/or a concurrent fall in HR of 10-15 bpm

C

A precipitous drop in blood pressure signals which stage of shock? A) Initial B) Compensated C) Decompensated D) Irreversible

C

An important point to remember when analyzing vehicle crashes is that: A) alcohol intoxication is not present in most serious crashes. B) head trauma accounts for a small number of deaths in vehicle crashes. C) spider-webbing of the windshield sometimes indicates window frame alteration during impact rather than occupant contact. D) you should stay focused on analyzing the mechanisms of injury, not on the cause of the crash.

C

An injury process frequently associated with steering column impact is the "paper bag" syndrome in which the: A) driver yells just before impact, and the impact with the steering wheel presses all of the residual air from the lungs. B) driver "gulps" air into the stomach, and the stomach ruptures when the abdomen impacts the steering wheel. C) driver takes a deep breath in anticipation of the collision, and lung tissue ruptures when the chest impacts the steering wheel. D) car seat breaks loose and comes forward, crushing the patient between the seat and the steering wheel much like an inflated paper bag caught between clapping hands.

C

Blood volume moved by the heart in one minute is referred to as: A) minute volume. B) stroke volume. C) cardiac output. D) end diastolic volume.

C

Cardiac arrhythmias and kidney damage can occur with crush injuries due to: A) hypotension. B) decreased cardiac output. C) buildup of toxins in the crushed limb. D) increased capillary pressure in the crushed limb.

C

When caring for a patient with a penetrating injury to the abdomen, keep in mind that: A) the area is well protected by skeletal structures. B) the passage of a projectile through the abdominal cavity produces little cavitational wave. C) the bowel is very tolerant of compression and stretching. D) if the small or large bowel is perforated by a penetrating injury, serious peritoneal irritation may result, with signs and symptoms developing almost immediately.

C

Which of the following are secondary blast injuries? A) pressure injuries B) heat injuries C) projectile injuries D) injuries caused by structural collapse

C

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of seat belts? A) Because of the security of the ambulance patient compartment, it is not necessary for EMS personnel to wear seat belts while caring for the patient. B) Lap belts alone will effectively restrain the torso, neck, and head. C) In very strong impacts, a shoulder strap may induce chest contusions and rib fractures. D) The combination of seat belt and shoulder strap protects the occupant against intrusions into the passenger compartment.

C

Which of the following meets trauma triage protocol criteria? A) adult falling from 12 feet B) motorcycle crash at 8 mph C) penetrating injury to the neck D) systolic blood pressure of 110

C

___________ injury occurs as blunt impact abruptly halts a portion of the body while inertia causes the remaining anatomy to continue its motion. A) Stretching B) Shearing C) Compression D) Open

C

A potent vasoconstrictor that promotes sodium reabsorption and decreases urine output in shock states is: A) insulin B) vasopressin C) aldosterone D) angiotensin II

D

An injury that occurs as energy and collision forces associated with an object—NOT the object itself, enters the body and damages tissue is called: A) an internal injury. B) a closed injury. C) surgical trauma. D) blunt trauma.

D

Definitive trauma care is only available at facilities with rapid access to: A) an MRI machine. B) a helicopter landing pad. C) a CT scan. D) a surgery.

D

If you suspect a pelvic fracture in your patient, you should: A) compress the pelvis lateral to medial, and anterior to posterior to confirm a fracture. B) rock the pelvis to confirm a fracture. C) ask the patient to raise each leg independently to confirm a fracture. D) not compress or otherwise manipulate the pelvis.

D

The extent of damage that a penetrating projectile causes varies with the particular type of tissue it encounters. One important point to remember about tissues in relation to penetrating wounds is that: A) solid organs have the resiliency of muscle and other connective tissues. B) muscles, the skin, and other connective tissues are thin, delicate tissues. C) when muscle tissue is penetrated, the wound track closes and serious injury is limited. D) penetrating injury to lung tissue is generally less extensive than can be expected with any other body tissue.

D

The formula "mass multiplied by velocity squared, divided by two" equals: A) acceleration. B) force. C) deceleration. D) kinetic energy.

D

The health care surveillance process, put in place for trauma systems, is called the: A) criteria. B) database. C) associated statistics D) registry.

D

The measure of peripheral vascular resistance is the: A) pulse pressure. B) systolic blood pressure. C) diastolic blood pressure D) mean arterial pressure.

D

The ultimate killer of all trauma victims is: A) penetrating trauma. B) cerebral hypoxia. C) blood loss. D) shock.

D