Trauma

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

which of the following is a severe burn in a 2 year old child

any full thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

a patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?

apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

initial treatments of an arterial bleed in the left forearm are unsuccessful. what should you do?

apply a tourniquet

a 20 year old male has a large laceration to his wrist. he is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. you should:

apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist

a 17 year old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. as your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest would with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. you should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment

which of the following would be the least likely cause of an altered level of consciousness in a pt with a burn

hypertension

in an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by

hypothermia

the driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head on. the driver was killed instantly. the passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. treatment for the passenger should include:

transport to a trauma center

which of the following areas has the thinnest skin?

ears

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA.

1%

a 5 year old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head, face, and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

30%

what is the appropriate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

6.0

during your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. you should assign him a GCS score of:

7

your pt. has a GCS score of 13, a sys. BP of 80 mmHg, and a resp rate of 8 breaths/min, his revised trauma score (RTS) is:

9

A 24 year old male has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. As you approach the vehicle you note that the steering wheel is bent over. He is short of breath, can only speak in 2-to-3 word sentences, and appears pale and diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 84/68, P 120, and R 26. What type of shock is he in?

Obstructive

for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage

a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground

a 56 year old man is found semiconscious by his wife. your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. the patient's wide states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 911. the most likely cause of this patient's present condition is:

acute myocardial infarction

which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

air splint

when evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian

the smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles

a young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. law enforcement personnel have ensured that the scene is safe. the patient is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. as you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations

when treating a partial thickness burn, you should

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

which of the following is a severe burn in a 35 year old patient?

circumferential partial thickness burn to the chest

an organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6 degrees

when a driver is in a car equipped with an airbag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will most likely strike the ____ when the airbag deploys upon impact

door

a 36 year old female has dark red blood oozing from her foot. what best describes this bleeding?

capillary

a 54 year old female had chest pain for the past 18 hours. she went to bed last night thinking it was severe heartburn and became concerned when she woke up this morning and it was still present. she is now short of breath and feels lightheaded when standing. vital signs are BP 82/64, P 121, and R 24. you can hear audible crackles on lung auscultation. what type of shock is she in?

cardiogenic

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

a small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. the patient, a 29 year old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. witnesses who removed the pt from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. what injury mechanism is most likely responsible for this pt's condition?

compression of the head against the roof

which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?

compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for long than four hours

burns are classified according to

depth and extent

in nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing

a 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. he complains of pain to his lower back. what injury mechanism is most likely responsible for his back pain?

energy transmission to the spine

two of the most common MOIs for blunt trauma are:

falls and motor vehicle collisions

According to the ACS-COT an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a MOI attributed to trauma

the cervical spine is most protected from whiplash type injuries when the

headrest is appropriately positioned

cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following except

increased preload

a hematoma develops when

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions

regarding the pediatric rule of nines, the:

legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's legs

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries

during the wound healing process, bleeding might occur from even a minor injury because:

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:

open his airway and assess his breathing status

when assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

which of the following is a sign of compartment syndrome?

pain upon passive movement of the injury site

which of the following is a severe burn in a 65 year old patient?

partial thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area

Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:

pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass

a 16 year old male has a broken nose. he is bleeding heavily from both nostrils. what should you do?

pinch his nose and lean him forward

after applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. you should:

place additional dressings over the wound

hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

plasma

patients develop septic shock secondary to

poor vessel function and severe volume loss

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop

a 22 year old man was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. he is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. his skin is cold and moist. your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. the most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

preparing for immediate transport

when assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked

which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

pts with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously

you are transporting a 33 year old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. you have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. with an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 10 minutes, you should:

reassess his condition in 5 minutes

when assessing a pt with a closed soft tissue injury, it is most important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries

when caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you

a 19 year old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. he is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. you administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. you should:

repeat the epi injection after consulting with medical control

a 56 year old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. after controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing

what types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts

rotational and rollover

after blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21 year old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. on the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of an injury to the

spleen

internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:

splinting the extremity

you are assessing a 30 year old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. she is conscious but restless,

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally

which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

the immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration

you arrive at the home of a 50 year old female with severe epistaxis. as you are treating her, it is most important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration

you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome

external bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because

veins are under a lower pressure

capillaries link the arterioles and the

venules

the sebaceous gland produces sebum, a material that

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple

during your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. this injury most likely occured:

when the pt was hurled against a stationary object

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries