Types of Bonds - Midterm
A hydrogen bond is a _____ bond, more so than an ionic or covalent bond.
weak
Although they are ______ on their own, hydrogen bonds are collectively ______.
weak, strong
Which statement correctly describes ionic bonds? -Ionic bonds usually form between electrically neutral, stable atoms. -An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together when they form bonds.
An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together when they form bonds.
When water molecules are added together, which of the following is the most likely orientation of oxygen and hydrogen atoms of different molecules? -Oxygen atoms of one molecule attract hydrogen atoms of other molecules, so that each oxygen atom is opposite the two hydrogen atoms from nearby molecules. -Hydrogen atoms of one molecule attract hydrogen atoms of other molecules, so that each hydrogen atom is opposite the hydrogen atoms from nearby molecules.
Oxygen atoms of one molecule attract hydrogen atoms of other molecules, so that each oxygen atom is opposite the two hydrogen atoms from nearby molecules.
A polar covalent bond can best be described as -a bond where electrons are unequally shared, resulting in more electrons orbiting certain atoms than others -a bond where electrons are equally shared, resulting in equal numbers of electrons orbiting each atom.
a bond where electrons are unequally shared, resulting in more electrons orbiting certain atoms than others
Water molecules are also _______, meaning they cling together. However, water flows freely.
cohesive
Double _______ bonds occur when two pairs of electrons are shared between the outer shells of two atoms. Examples include the bond between 2 oxygen atoms.
covalent
Single ________ bonds occur when one pair of electrons is shared between the outer shells of two atoms. Examples include the bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule.
covalent
Triple_______ bonds occur when three pairs of electrons are shared between the outer shells of two atoms.
covalent
atoms share electrons in these bonds overlapping outer electron shells single, double, triple occurs between the H and O in a water molecule
covalent
Hydrogen bonds are relatively _____ to break.
easy
Electrons possess negative charges, so within a molecule of water, if more electrons are orbiting the oxygen atom than the two hydrogen atoms, it will have a slightly more positive charge than the hydrogen atoms. t or f?
false
When atoms combine to form compounds, they can ____,_____,_____electrons.
give up, accept, share
Water also has a high ______ of ________, or requires a great deal of heat to turn to steam, which moderates the temperature of the Earth.
heat, vaporization
Water molecules have many beneficial characteristics due to their polarity and their ________ bonding.
hydrogen
________ bonds occur when partially positive hydrogen atoms attract partially negative atoms nearby. Examples include the attraction between two molecules of water.
hydrogen
The weak attractive forces that hold water molecules together are called
hydrogen bonds
_____ bonds occur when atoms are held together by an attraction between negatively and positively charged ions. Examples include NaCl and MgCl₂.
ionic
atoms give up or receive electrons to form this bond stable outer shell is the goal ions would form between Na and Cl
ionic
Frozen water is ______ dense than liquid water. Thus, ice floats.
less
Hydrogen bonds form between a slightly _______ covalently bonded H atom and a slightly _______ atom like oxygen.
positive, negative
Water can also be used as a _________ for polar molecules.
solvent
Compared to the polar covalent bonds that hold the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a molecule of water, the hydrogen bonds that hold multiple water molecules together are much stronger. t or f?
true
Sodium has 1 valence electron, which it shares with fluorine to form a covalent bond. t or f?
true
