U1L1-14 Assessment

Assume your friend just sent you 32 bits of pixel data (just the 0s and 1s for black and white pixels) that were encoded after sampling an image. Choose the two statements that are true. Submit

-The correct width and height must be input into the pixelation widget to produce the image. -The fact that only 32 bits were used to represent the image indicates relatively large sample squares were used. The digital image may vary from the analog image significantly.

2**-2

.25

2**-1

.50

2**0

1

Which of the following best describes how computing devices represent information?

A computer represents data as bits which is either a 0 or a 1.

How is a Creative Commons license different from a regular copyright?

Copyright law protects a creators work and gives them certain kind of control over their work. Creative commons allow the creators to grant permission to other to do certain things with their work. allows other to share and renew with compensation, it is the most restricted type of copy right. shared reused and remixed to create to new creativity.

Many museums have digital catalogs of their collections. What are the potential benefits and harms of creating these digital catalogs?

Creating digital catalogs allow for easily accessible, can be viewed from practically anywhere in the world with an internet connections and with the exception of updates don't need much maintenance. However, this allows for privateers to steel information or images of the exhibit or artwork. The lack of security on digital catalogs is a problem.

Each time we add another bit, what happens to the amount of numbers we can make?

The amount of numbers we can make doubles when we add another bit.

Why did we decide to send a message as a sequence of two options rather than modifying our devices to represent more options?

With using a sequence of 2 items, its easier to build on your device to add many different option for outcomes. When you add more things to your device to represent more options you end up having a confusing device that makes it harder to add options later down the line.

When using bits to represent fractions of a number, can you create all possible fractions? Why or why not?

You cannot create all possible fractions because the decimal numbers are limited to half of the pervious number, the options for adding new numbers are only (.50), (.25) and (.75). This obviously means that there are only 3 possible numbers that can be represented by using bits.

An author is preparing to send their book to a publisher as an email attachment. The file on their computer is 1000 bytes. When they attach the file to their email, it shows as 750 bytes. The author gets very upset because they are concerned that part of their book has been deleted by the email address. If you could talk to this author, how would you explain what is happening to their book?

Your book has not lost any part of it, your computer just compressed the data so that the email can be sent quicker. just because the file is smaller doesn't mean information is lost.

Which of the following binary (base-2) numbers is LARGEST?

11000000

2**7

128

2**4

16

Your computer uses 4 bits to represent decimal numbers (0, 1, 2, 3 and so on) in binary. What is the SMALLEST number for which an overflow error occur?

16

2**1

2

Convert the decimal (base-10) number 20 to binary (base-2).

10100

How many total numbers can be represented with an 8-bit binary (base-2) system?

256

2**5

32

2**2

4

2**6

64

2**3

8

Convert the binary (base-2) number 1001 to decimal (base-10).

9

Which of the following is NOT true of how computers represent complex information?

Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden

Arman takes a picture with his smartphone which he subsequently posts online. Beatrice finds the picture online and posts a copy of it on her website with an attached Creative Commons license. Which of the following best describes who owns the photo?

Arman owns the photo because it was granted a Creative Commons license by another person online.

What are the similarities and differences between the binary and decimal systems?

Binary systems use 2 numbers "0" and "1" because it is a base 2 system while decimal systems use 0-9 because it is a base 10 system. Both systems have place values and use symbols to give a numerical value.

Which of the following is true of intellectual property?

Creative Commons enables content creators to freely distribute their otherwise copyrighted work.

Which of the following would result in a better digital approximation of an analog black and white image?

Decreasing the size of each sample square, thus increasing the number of samples taken.

"The binary pattern 01000001 represents the number 65." Write a brief response explaining whether you believe this statement is always true. Explain your reasoning.

I believe that the binary pattern 01000001 could represent 65, however it could also be many other numbers depending on who is interpreting it. A computer would see 65, but someone who made there own system using 1s, and 0s, could see a whole different number.

Your computer science teacher asks you to sample a black and white image that is 4" x 6". How would you sample the image to provide a good digital approximation using the pixelation widget? What sample size would you use? How would your decision affect the digital representation?

I would sample image with more pixels to create a good digital approximation. A sample size of 12 by 16 pixels would not be too complicated to sample while also giving a good approximation. My decision effects the representation because a small sample size allows for a less accurate image. When using a large number sample size the black and white pixels are more accurate

Which statement about analog and digital images is true?

Sampling an analog image more frequently produces a digital image with a better representation.

Which of the following is true of lossy and lossless compression algorithms?

Lossy compression algorithms are typically better than lossless compression algorithms at reducing the number of bits needed to represent a piece of data.

Ryan is designing an app that needs to quickly send low quality photos between users. Most smartphones take much higher quality photos than Ryan needs for his app. Which answer best describes the type of compression Ryan should choose and why?

Lossy compression since it typically results in smaller data sizes.

What is the most important quality of lossless compression?

The data is transformed to usually make it smaller. It can always be re-constructed back to the original.

Jorge is sending a large image file to a friend as part of a shared classroom project. Which of the following is most likely true if Jorge opts to compress the image before sending it?

The image will require fewer bits in order to be represented.

Modern car odometers can record up to a million miles driven. What happens to the odometer reading when a car drives beyond its maximum reading?

The odometer reaches in overflow number.

When visiting a museum Lian takes a photo of a painting with a smartphone which stores the photo as an image file. Which of the following best describes the differences between the painting itself and the photo of the painting stored on the smartphone?

The photo is a digital representation of the analog painting

Describe how the process of sampling, RGB pixels, and binary sequences work together to display a digital color image.

The process of sampling, RGB pixels, and binary sequences work together to created images by taking data from each and applying to a image to create a digital color image. All 3 components are necessary to complete an image.

Lucy is completing a project as part of a science class using materials she found online. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to lead to legal consequences?

Using images posted online by another student without permission or citation.

Which of the following is true of how computers represent numbers?

With a fixed number of bits some numbers are too large to represent in a computer which will lead to overflow errors.

You've been given a new cell phone with a 2 gigabyte data plan. You plan to use your phone for text messages, images, video, and music. Which of these categories are best compressed using lossless compression? Which of these categories are best compressed using lossy compression? Why?

the best to use lossy compression is music and text messages, mainly because there are a lot of frequencies humans can't hear and if we take those out it compresses the mp3. Text is easy to compress, yet still understandable. Images and Videos is more lossless categories because they can be important to see and need the data to understand it.

Imagine you were using some of our pixelation tools to create an image and you posted it online for your friends to see - but, a week later you find out someone took that image and put it on a T-shirt that they're selling for $10 each. Now that we understand Copyright, what would need to change in order for the scenario from the warm-up to be okay?

would have to allow the person rights to put the image I created onto the t-shirt and give me compensation or the image can be edited. website has to source where the image came from.