UE Muscles
Flexor digitorum profundus - Action
- Flexes distal phalanges 2-5 at DIP joint - distal interphalangeal joint - Wrist flexion - PIP flexion - proximal interphalangeal joints
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - Origin
- Medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) - Coronoid process - Superior anterior radius
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - Origin
- Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin) - Olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)
Pectoralis minor - Origin
3rd - 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Subscapularis - Action
Adduct arm Internally (medially) rotate arm Acts with the rotator cuff muscles - SITS
Teres major - Action
Adduct arm Internally rotate arm
Pectoralis major - Action
Adducts and medially rotates humerus Horizontal Adduction (sprinkler dance move) Flex amr (clavicular head) Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly Arm fixed: elevates chest, elevates scapula
Subclavius - Action
Anchors and depresses clavicle
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) - Arterial Supply
Anterior interosseous artery
Pronator quadratus - Arterial Supply
Anterior interosseous artery
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) - Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve (C8, T1)
Pronator quadratus - Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve (C8, T1)
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) - Origin
Anterior medial surface of radius Interosseous membrane
Flexor digitorum profundus - Origin
Anterior medial surface of ulna Interosseous membrane
Serratus anterior - Insertion
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Deltoid - Origin
Anterior third of clavicle Acromion Spine of scapula (inferior edge)
Deltoid - Action
Anterior: Flex and internally rotate arm Middle: Abduct arm Posterior: Extend and externally rotate arm
Anconeus - Action
Assists triceps in extending forearm Stabilizes elbow joint May abduct ulna during pronation
Deltoid - Innervation
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Teres minor - Innervation
Axillary nerve (C5-6)
Flexor digitorum profundus - Insertion
Base of distal phalanges 2-5
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) - Insertion
Base of distal phalanx 1st digit (thumb)
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - Insertion
Base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Biceps brachii - Arterial supply
Brachial artery
Brachialis - Arterial supply
Brachial artery
Coracobrachialis - Arterial supply
Brachial artery
Triceps brachii - Action
Chief extensor of forearm Long head resists dislocation (especially during adduction)
Teres minor - Arterial Supply
Circumflex scapular artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Infraspinatus - Arterial supply
Circumflex scapular artery Suprascapular artery
Subclavius - Arterial supply
Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery
Pectoralis major - Origin
Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: - anterior surface of sternum - superior six costal cartilages - aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Coracobrachialis - Origin
Coracoid process
Pectoralis minor - Insertion
Coracoid process (medial border and superior surface)
Brachialis - Insertion
Coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna
Triceps brachii - Arterial supply
Deep brachial artery
Deltoid - Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Brachialis - Origin
Distal 1/2 anterior surface humerus
Pronator quadratus - Insertion
Distal quarter of anterior radius
Pronator quadratus - Origin
Distal quarter of anterior ulna
Rhomboid major & minor - Arterial Supply
Dorsal scapular artery
Levator scapulae - Innervation
Dorsal scapular n. (C4, C5) Cervical nerves (C3, C4)
Rhomboid major & minor - Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Levator scapulae - Action
Elevate scapula
Latissimus dorsi - Action
Extend, Adduct, & Medially rotate humerus
Serratus anterior - Origin
External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
Infraspinatus - Action
Externally rotate arm Holds humeral head in glenoid cavity Acts with the rotator cuff muscles - SITS
Teres minor - Action
Externally rotate arm Holds humeral head in glenoid cavity Acts with the rotator cuff muscles - SITS
Coracobrachialis - Action
Flex arm Adduct arm Resists shoulder dislocation
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - Action
Flex hand (ulnar deviation) Adduct hand
Brachialis - Action
Flexes forearm
Palmaris longus - Action
Flexes hand
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - Action
Flexes hand Abducts hand (radial deviation)
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) - Action
Flexes phalanges of 1st digit
Latissimus dorsi - Insertion
Floor of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Pronator teres - Origin
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin) Ulnar head: Coronoid process
Teres minor - Insertion
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Subclavius - Insertion
Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Infraspinatus - Origin
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Supraspinatus - Action
Initiates abduction (assists deltoid) Acts with the rotator cuff muscles - SITS
Subclavius - Origin
Junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage
Anconeus - Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Pectoralis major - Insertion
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Pectoralis major - Innervation
Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7) Medial pectoral nerves (C8-T1)
Anconeus - Insertion
Lateral surface of olecranon Superior part of posterior surface of ulna
Pronator teres - Insertion
Lateral surface of radius; halfway down the radius
Trapezius - Insertion
Lateral third of clavicle Acromion Spine of scapula (superior edge)
Serratus anterior - Arterial supply
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapularis - Insertion
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Biceps brachii - Origin
Long head = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head = coracoid process of scapula
Triceps brachii - Origin
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Serratus anterior - Innervation
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Teres major - Innervation
Lower subscapular nerve (C6)
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Palmaris longus - Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Teres major - Insertion
Medial lip intertubercular groove of humerus Crest of lesser tubercle
Pectoralis minor - Innervation
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Rhomboid minor - Insertion
Medial scapula (at end of spine)
Rhomboid major - Insertion
Medial scapula from the level of the spine to inferior angle
Trapezius - Origin
Medial third of superior nuchal line Nuchal ligament Spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
Pronator teres - Innervation
Median n. (C6, C7)
Palmaris longus - Innervation
Median n. (C7, C8)
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - Innervation
Median nerve (C6, C7)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - Innervation
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Coracobrachialis - Insertion
Middle 1/3rd of medial surface of humerus
Anconeus - Arterial supply
Middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery; Recurrent interosseous artery
Infraspinatus - Insertion
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor - Origin
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - Insertion
Middle phalanx 2-5 (On both sides! It splits and attaches on either side of the middle phalanx so that the FDP ligaments can go through!)
Biceps brachii - Innervation
Musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)
Brachialis - Innervation
Musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6) some lateral innervartion by Radial n. (C5, C7)
Coracobrachialis - Innervation
Musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6, C7)
Palmaris longus - Insertion
Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum
Pectoralis minor - Arterial Supply
Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
Pectoralis major - Arterial supply
Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery Anterior intercostal arteries Perforating branches of internal thoracic artery
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - Insertion
Pisiform Hook of Hamate 5th metacarpal
Deltoid - Arterial Supply
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Teres major - Origin
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula (lateral side)
Levator scapulae - Origin
Posterior tubercles of transverse process of C1-C4 vertebrae
Pronator teres - Action
Pronates and flexes forearm
Pronator quadratus - Action
Pronates forearm
Serratus anterior - Action
Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall Rotates scapula
Triceps brachii - Insertion
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna Fascia of forearm
Triceps brachii - Innervation
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Anconeus - Innervation
Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Biceps brachii - Insertion
Radial tuberosity (medial radius, inferior to neck); Forearm fascia via bicipital aponeurosis
Rhomboid major & minor - Action
Retract scapula (adduct) Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly fix scapula to thoracic wall
Trapezius - Innervation
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)
Rhomboid major - Origin
Spinous process T2-T5
Latissimus dorsi - Origin
Spinous process T6 - T12 Thoracolumbar fascia Posterior iliac crest Inferior 3-4 ribs
Rhomboid minor - Origin
Spinous processes C7-T1
Pectoralis minor - Action
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
Subclavius - Innervation
Subclavian n. (C5, C6)
Subscapularis - Arterial Supply
Subscapular artery
Teres major - Arterial Supply
Subscapular artery; Circumflex scapular artery
Subscapularis - Origin
Subscapular fossa
Supraspinatus - Insertion
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Levator scapulae - Insertion
Superior part of medial border of scapula
Biceps brachii - Action
Supinates forearm (When supine) flexes forearm Short head resists dislocation
Supraspinatus - Arterial supply
Suprascapular artery
Supraspinatus - Innervation
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
Infraspinatus - Innervation
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
Supraspinatus - Origin
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Latissimus dorsi - Arterial Supply
Thoracodorsal artery
Latissimus dorsi - Innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Trapezius - Arterial supply
Transverse cervical artery
Levator scapulae - Arterial Supply
Transverse cervical artery Ascending cervical artery
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - Arterial supply
Ulnar artery
Palmaris longus - Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery
Flexor digitorum profundus - Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery Anterior interosseous artery
Pronator teres - Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery and the anterior ulnar recurrent artery
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - Innervation
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
Flexor digitorum profundus - Innervation
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1) - medial part Anterior interosseous nerve (C8, T1) - lateral part
Subscapularis - Innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
Trapezius - Action
Upper: elevates; superior rotation Middle: Retract (Adduct) Lower: Depress
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - Action
Wrist flexion Flexes PIP - proximal interphalangeal joints of 2-5 Flexes proximal phalanges at MP joint - metacarpophalangeal joints