Ultimate Part 2 Boards Quizlet (Probably 85-90% of Irene Gold is in this)
Increase phosphorus is seen in
- Acromegaly - Kidney dz - Hyper vitamin D
What is the order of compression in the IVF
- Adipose - Veins - Arteries - Nerve
What are the parts of the GAS
- Alarm - Resistance - Adapt - Exhaust
Do not stop CPR unless::
- Another person takes over - You are too exhausted - Scene is unsafe
What radiographic signs indicate AAA
- Aortic dilation - Curvilinear calcification - Fusiform appearance
What conditions are considered when pulsus bisferiens is present
- Aortic regurgitation - Aortic stenosis
What defines a premature infant
- Born between 26th-37th week - Under 2500 g
What are the components of health history
- CC - PMH - Social hx - ROS
Muscular dystrophy is associated with an increase in _______________ and a decrease in ______________________
- CPK MM - Creatinine
What are the major conditions that are checked in the family history
- CVD - Cancer - Stroke - Diabetes
What are the 3 components of the IVD
- Cartilaginous end plate - Annulus fibrosis - Nucleus pulposus
What are signs of heat stroke
- Cessation of sweating - High temperature - Rapid pulse - Shallow breathing
What can cause subluxation
- Chemical - Mechanical - Psychic
What tests are positive for chondromalacia patella
- Clark's - Fouchet's
What characteristics of a stroke does bell's palsy lack
- Contralateral motor loss below the eye - Forehead wrinkles
If an adult or child is smoking, what is the procedure
- Cough - 5 back blows - 5 abdominal thrusts
If information is acquired that indicates alcoholism, CAGE questions are used. What is CAGE
- Cutting down - Annoyed by criticism - Guilty feelings - Eye openers (morning drink)
To raise contrast, what changes should be made
- Decrease kVp 15% - Increase mAs by 100%
What are the stages of labor
- Dilation - Expulsion - Placental delivery - Stabilization
What are the 5 D's and 3 N's associated with vascular insufficiency
- Diplopia, Dizziness, drop attacks, dysarthria, dysphagia - Nausea, Numbness, Nystagmus
What conditions are included in SOL
- Disc - IVF - Tumor - Inflammation - Subbies
Chron's disease affects what part of the digestive system
- Distal ileum - Colon
Blue urine can indicate _____________________
- Diuretic - Psuedomonas infection - Bad protein digestion
What are the 5 D's and 3 N's
- Dizziness, drop attacks, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia - Nausea, Numbness, Nystagmus
What cells are found in mononucleosis
- Downey cells - Paul bunnel cells
What does the gravity line run through on a lateral postural analysis
- EAM - Anterior body C7 - Mid shoulder - Anterior 1/3 sacral base - Middle of hip - Posterior to patella - 1" anterior to lateral malleolus
The adjustment occurs between what ROM barriers
- Elastic - Anatomical
What movements put the most compression on the vertebral artery
- Extension - Rotation
What factors are necessary for meningeal irritation to be considered
- Fever - Ha - Photophobia - Nuchal rigidity
If an unconcious infant is choking, what is the procedure
- Fix head - 30 chest compression 100/minute
What labs indicate diabetes mellitus
- Glucose tolerance test - Fasting plasma glucose - HbA1C
Scatter radiation can be reduced by what techniques
- Grid - Air gap - Collimator - Filter
What are the 4 major preventable factors leading to disease
- HTN - Smoking - Malnutrition - STD
What aspects are checked on an anterior postural analysis
- Head tilt/rotation - Shoulder height - Arm carriage - Hip height - Foot malposition
Which of the following is best explanation for wellness care
- Hollistic - Proactive - Preventable
What is the treatment for heat stroke
- Immerse in cold water, douse with ice, lower body temp
To lower contrast, what changes should be made
- Increase kVp 15% - Decrease mAs 50%
What labs indicate liver issues
- Increased alkaline phosphatase - Increased SGOT - Increased lactate dehydrogenase
A grid __________________ patient dose and _________________ image quality
- Increases - Increases
Increased protein in the urine indicates what two thing
- Kidney issues - DM
What structure make up the negative cathode
- Large filament - Soft filament - Focusing cup
What might cause dark films
- Light leak - Developer too hot - Over exposure
What are absolute contraindications to adjusting
- Malignancy - Tumor - Infection - Fracture - AAA
What are the major thing discussed during social history
- Marital status - Occupation - Diet, exercise, tobacco, alcohol, drugs - Sleep - Bowel/urinary patterns
Paul bunnel cells are seen with what
- Mono - Viral meningitis
What is seen as gray on film
- Muscle - Water - Soft tissue
What are relative contraindications to adjusting
- Osteoporisis - Spondylolisthesis - RA - CV issues - Congenital anomalies
What are the components of the health belief model
- Perceived susceptibility - Perceived sensitivity - Perceived benefits - Perceived barriers - Cues to action - Self-efficacy
If a conscious infant is choking, what is the procedure
- Place prone along forearm - 5 back blows - Turn infant supine - 5 chest thrusts
A basilar angle over 152˚ is indicative of what
- Platybasia - Basilar impression - Paget's
Diaphragmatic excursion less than 3/5 cm may indicate
- Pneumonia - Pneumothorax
What are commons SSRI's
- Prozac - Zoloft - Celexa - Lexapro
What prevertebral soft tissue measurements indicated hematoma or tumor
- Retropharyngeal (C2-C4) >7mm - Retrolaryngeal (C5) >14mm - Retrotracheal (C6-C7) >22mm
Increase ASO titre indicates
- Rheumatic fever - Glomerulonephritis
If an unconscious adult is choking, what is the procedure
- Rise and tilt head for venitlation - 30 chest compression 100/minute
Increased ANA or FANA indicates
- SLE - Scleroderma
What is checked on a posterior postural analysis
- Scapular winging - Scapular flaring - Scoliosis
When x-rays strike an object, what 3 things can occur
- Scatter - Absorption - Penetration
What is discussed in the PMH
- Serious illnesses - Previous injury - Hospitalizations - Surgeries - Meds - Allergies
What causes penumbra
- Small FFD - Low OFD - Too large of filament
What are the components of the neurological reflex model
- Somatosomatic - Somatovisceral - Viscerovisceral - Viscerosomatic
What are the goals of SMT
- Stimulate GTO and post-synaptic inhibition of AMN - Increase mechanoreceptive bombardment - Breah up adhesions - Increase mobility - Improve neurological function
What pollutants lead to acid rain
- Sulfur dioxide - Nitrogen oxide
________________________ is the cause of acid rain
- Sulfur dioxide - Nitrogen oxide
What can breast milk become deficiency in
- Vitamin D - Iron
What are common findings of hypothyroidism
- Weight gain with decreased appetite - Depression, weakness, fatigue - Periorbital edema
What are common findings of hyperthyroidism
- Weight loss with increased appetite - Intolerant to heat - Exophthalmos
What must employer's pay for their employees
- Workman's comp - FICA - SS
What muscle grade is no contractility
0
In goldthwaits test, 0-30 degrees, 30-60 degrees, and 60-90 degrees indicate what
0-30: SIJ 30-60: Lumbosacral 60-90: Lumbar spine
What muscle grade is slight contractility with no joint motion
1
Where are the T9-T12 TP's palpated
1 interspinous space above SP
Where are the T1-T4 TP's palpated
1 interspinous space above the SP
Most of the electron energy is given off as heat, ___________ percent are emitted as x-rays
1%
What is the normal distance for a chest expansion test
1.5-3 inches
The IVDs make up how much of the vertebral column
1/4th
What percentage of injuries are due to violence
10%
When do kids walk assisted
10-14 months
What is a norma lumbosacral disc angle
10-15˚
What grid ratio is used in the chiro office
12:1
Which of the following procedures is necessary when taking a LCN radiograph
12:1 grid ratio
What is considered hypertension
140/90
Increased kVp by _______________ will double intensity
15%
What age ranges are most likely to incur a fatal MVA
15-20
Which of the following best represents the amount of moderate exercise adults should get on a weekly basis
150 minutes
What muscle grade is complete ROM with gravity eliminated
2
Where are the T5-T8 TP's palpated
2 interspinous spaces above SP
When does the anterior fontanelle close
2 years
In what range of degrees does scoliosis need to be sent for bracing
21-40˚
What type of burn affects the epidermis and dermis and has blisters
2nd degree
What muscle grade is complete ROM against gravity
3
When does the posterior fontanelle close
3 months
What CN are parasympathetic
3, 7, 9, 10
What is the minim change in mAs needed to see a change in density on film
30%
What is a normal sacral inclination
30-72˚
How many degrees of flexion is needed for the valgus and varus stress of the knee
30˚
How many degrees of knee flexion are needed for a Lachlan's test
30˚
What type of burn has painless charring of the skin
3rd degree
What muscle grade is complete ROM against gravity with some resistance
4
What is the normal pH of urine
4-8
If the focal film distance is doubled, what must you do to obtain a quality radiograph
4x mAs
What is the max number of REM's a person can get in a lifetime
5
What muscle grade is complete ROM against gravity with full resistance
5
What is the close packed position of the radio-ulnar joint
5 degrees of supination
When do kids eat their first food
6 months
When do kids get their first teeth
6-8 months
When does the umbilical cord fall off
7-10 days
When do kids crawl
9 months
What is the close packed position of the AC joint
90 degrees of abduction
What is considered hypotension
90/60
What is the largest and most sensitive nerve fiber
A alpha
What type of fibers carry proprioception from muscle spindles and GTOs
A alpha
What type of nerve fiber senses touch, pressure, vibraition, two point discrimination
A beta
What type of nerve fiber is for light touch, fast pain like a stubbed toe
A delta
What type of nerve fiber is the Gamma motor neuron that sets muscle tone
A gamma
An abdominal aorta measurement over 3.8 cm is indicative of _______
AAA
What is the most common injured ligament of the knee
ACL
What neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
ACh
What does a western blot test for
AIDS
What ligament runs on the anterior vertebral body and limits extension
ALL
What condition affects the corticospinal tract and anterior horn that typically begins in the hand and feet. This dz presents with fasciculation's, spasticity, increased DTR. UMNL in legs and LMNL in arms
ALS
HLA-B27 =
AS
What condition has radiographic findings of shiny corner sign, bamboo spine, dagger sign, trolley track sign, and + HLA-B27
AS
What sero - condition presents in males 15-35 with pain in the low back in the morning, B/L sacroiliitis
AS
What ankle ligament is most commonly injured
ATFL
What is the transfer of a patient to another doctor without the patient's consent
Abandonment
What is the close packed position of GH joint
Abduction and external rotation
During foot strike, what muscles contract to hold the body up
Abductors
What is a placenta that detaches from site and can lead to spontaneous abortion
Abruptio
What is convergence of the eyes, pupillary constriction, and lens convexity
Accommodation
What is an antipyretic analgesic that causes liver damage
Acetaminophen
What lab is increased in prostatic carcinoma
Acid phosphatase
What dermatological issue is located on the face, nose, cheeks and exacerbated by sun, caffeine, and alcohol
Acne Rosacea
What is a condition of sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and pus filled cysts
Acne vulgaris
What is a benign tumor of CN 8 that results in hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
Acoustic neuroma
A heel pad measurement over 25mm in males or 23mm in females indicates
Acromegaly
What is excessive production of growth hormone that results in abnormal growth in the hands, feet, facial bones, and increases heel pad measurement
Acromegaly
What is a fear of heights
Acrophobia
What is a sun spot, liver spot that is the m/c benign sun-induced lesion
Actinic lentigo
What is an absorbent that treats poisoning and overdoses
Activated charcoal
What is a bacterial infection fo the mastoid process that can result from an untreated middle ear infection
Acute mastoiditis
What condition is associated with swimming that results in pain and inflammation fo the outer ear with pain elicited by tugging on the pinna
Acute otitis externa
Increased amylase indicates
Acute pancreatitis
What does an increase in lipase indicate
Acute pancreatitis
What condition is due to decreased aldosterone/hypoadrenalism that is associated with hyperpigmentation, decreased BP, weakness, fatigue
Addison's disease
What is a sluggish reaction to light that is U/L and caused by a parasympathetic lesion to CN 3
Adie's tonic pupil
What test for TOS is described: patient seated, doc abducts, extends, and EXR the arm while taking pulse, patient rotes head toward tested side and extends while taking a deep breath
Adson's test
What are the normal pulse values for Adults Newborn Elderly
Adult: 60-100 Newborn: 120-160 Elderly: 70-80
What type of disorder consists of severe fluctuation of mood or personality
Affective disorder
What are sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn
Afferent
What are naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by aspergillum found in peanuts, cooing oils, cosmetics, etc
Aflatoxins
The single most important factor in making a dx is the ______________ of the patient
Age
Solid particles are removed from the water during what purification process
Agglutination
What is fear of public spaces
Agoraphobia
What is the gap between the patient and the film called that causes scatter that can distort the image
Air-Gap
What ligament runs from C2 to the occipital condyles and is the "check ligament" that limits rotation
Alar ligament
In the GAS, what stage includes hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline release to mets threat or danger
Alarm
What is complete depigmentation observed at birth and associated with poor vision
Albinism
What is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the US
Alcohol
Gamma-Glutamyl transferase GGT is seen with
Alcoholic liver disease
What condition is associated with delirium tremens and folate deficiency
Alcoholism
What is the m/c/c of liver cirrhosis
Alcoholism
What test for occlusion of the radial artery is described: Patient seated, pump hand while doc occludes radial and ulnar arteries, patient release hand while doc records filling time
Allen's test
What is the term for nasal mucosa that appears blue and boggy
Allergic rhinitis
What test for a displaced femur head is described: patient supine, patient flexes knees to 9 with feet placed on flat table and both malleoli approximated. Examiner compares height of the knees
Allis test
What is the perception of a pain from a normally non-painful stimulus
Allodynia
What decreases xanthine oxidase that is used to treat gout
Allopurinol
Emphysema is caused by a deficiency of _________________
Alpha 1 antitrypsin
What tumor marker is specific for hepatocellular carcinoma
Alpha fetoprotein
What neurons act to innervate SKM, are large diameter, and ACh driven
Alpha motor neurons
What is the primary method of changing film density
Altering mAs
What is added to the water purification process to take out particles
Aluminum sulfate
Which chemical causes precipitation during water purification
Aluminum sulfate
In geriatrics, what is the most common type of dementia
Alzheimer's disease
What is the abnormal cessation of menses
Amenorrhea
What test for AS is described: Patient asked to go from supine to side-lying to standing (+) with T/L pain
Amoss sign
What is a stimulant used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD
Amphetamine
What labs are increased in pancreatitis
Amylase and lipase
What was the found of osteopathy
Andrew Still
What is an abnormal winning that involves all 3 layers of the blood vessel
Aneurysm
What is the term for unequal pupil sizes
Anisicoria
What is a pathological fusion of bones across a joint
Ankylosis
Due to the anode heel effect, the thinner portion of tissue being imagined is placed on the ______________ side of the tube
Anode
What is the positive electrode in the x-ray tube
Anode
What is severe restriction of calories with body image distortion, amenorrhea
Anorexia nervosa
What is loss of smell called
Anosmia
What condition presents with steppage gait, foot drop, paralysis of tibialis anterior
Anterior compartment syndrome
In what condition do the ASIS move anterior to the pubic symphysis resulting in hyperlordosis
Anterior pelvic tilt
What type of axoplasmic transport is forward moving, cell body to terminal, trophic, faster, more common
Anterograde
What is caused by coal dust
Anthracosis
What is a psychopath that acts out conflict with remorse and has difficulty following rules
Antisocial
What is a state of intense apprehension or worry accompanies by physical symptoms like shaking, intense feeling in stomach
Anxiety
What disorders present with heart palpitations, increased HR, SOB, sweating, tingling, dizziness
Anxiety disorders
What is an interruption fo the intima allowing blood into the vessel wall with a tearing pain
Aortic dissection
What is the 2nd m/c/c of left sided HF
Aortic stenosis
What is measured in pregnant women using maternal blood or anmiotic fluid to screen for developmental abnormalities
Apha fetoprotein
What is a pitted erythematous lesion or ulcer in the mouth
Aphthous stomatitis
What ligament runs from the apex of the dens to the anterior foramen magnum to limit flexion and extension
Apical dental ligament
What presents with panhypoplasia of bone marrow, decrease in all blood cells
Aplastic anemia
What test for RC tear is described: patient seated, patient reaches overhead to touch opposite superior angle of the scapula then reaches down and back to touch the inferior angle of the opposite scapula
Apley's scratch
What conditions presents as dull periumbilical pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant that has a (+) blumberg, rovings, psoas sign
Appendicitis
What refers pain to the epigastric area and RLQ
Appendix
What test for shoulder dislocation is described: Doc abducts and slowly externally rotes the arm; patient shows alarm
Apprehension test
In geriatrics, what is a grayish, opaque ring around the cornea
Arcus senilis
B/L, small, irregular pupils that accommodate but do not react to light. This is often seen with syphilis
Argyll robertson
What is a sluggish pupillary reaction due to hypo-adrenalism as seen in Addison's disease
Arroyo sign
What toxic drug has the smell of garlic
Arsenic
Cool, pale skin with weak or absent pulse and numbness is arterial or venous
Arterial
What test is used for advanced COPD
Arterial blood gas
Which of the following is a known carcinogen in the work force
Asbestos
What is a mild disorder of the autism spectrum
Asperger's syndrome
What is the threat of violence to another person
Assault
Lab findings of curshmann spirals and carrot laden crystals indicate _________________
Asthma
What is a fear of thunder and lightning
Astrophobia
What line runs from the C1 anterior tubercle to the odontoid. IF this space is over 3mm in adults or 5mm in children this is bad
Atlantodental interspace
What is the m/c reason for postpartum hemorrhage
Atonic uterus
What is a B12 or iron deficiency that results in the tongue appearing smooth and glossy
Atrophic glossitis
What is thinning of the nasal mucosa with sclerosis, crust , and would odor
Atrophic rhinitis
What is the loss and reappearance of the pulsatile sand while listening with the stethoscope during deflation
Auscultatory gap
What is the most definitive test for alzheimers
Autopsy
What therapy is used to treat alcoholics by associating drinking with unpleasant consequences
Aversoin
What type of fracture is a bone that is torn away by muscle or ligamentous force
Avulsion fracture
In a lovett scoliois, the spinous deviate _________________ the convexity
Away from
Signal which travel as axon potential travel through the _________
Axon
What is a type II nerve injury that has disruption of not only the myelin sheath and the axon
Axonotmesis
What is the mechanism by which the nerve is provided nutrition through he flow of proteins and other materials by a way of sliding of the filaments that can occur in both direction
Axoplamic transport
Which of the following vitamins is deficient in a vegan
B12
Who introduced the neurocalometer, metic chart, HIO
BJ Palmer
Who was the devloper of chiropractic
BJ Palmer
What is an enlarged, non-tender, firm, smooth feeling prostate with a loss fo the median sulcus
BPH
What is a brief episode of vertigo brought on by change of head position that can be diagnosed with the dix hall pike maneuver
BPPV
What test is (+) for IVF encroachment when the patient has relief of pain when raising their arm onto the top of the head
Bakody's test
What test is used for obstructive atherosclerosis
Balloon angioplasty
What are sleeping pills that can produce respiratory depression
Barbituates
What test for hip dysplasia is described: infant hip in adduction with gentle pressure applied posteriorly to each hip one at a time. a clunk is positive
Barlow's test
What test for VBI is described: Patient seated, examiner instructs patient to rotate the head maximally from side to side. Done slowly at first and then accelerated to patient tolerance.
Barre-Lieou
What is the term for AP chest equaling the size of the lateral chest that is seen in COPD and CF
Barrel chest
What is the most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
What measurement is a line from the nasion to the sella turcica, to the basion
Basilar angle
What is the anterior foramen magnum point called
Basion
What is adjusting without consent
Battery
What is ecchymosis around the mastoid that indicates basilar skull fracture
Battle sign
What is attachment of the umbilical cord attached at the margin of the placenta
Battledore placenta
What are transverse ridges along the nails seen with sever disease
Beau's lines
What law states that the anterior horn is motor while the posterior horn is sensory
Bell-magendie law
What proteins are increased in multiple myeloma
Bence-jones proteins
What is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal
Bennet's
What drugs are used to treat anxiety and has side effects of tremors
Benzodiazepine
What is a thiamin deficiency WITHOUT alcoholism
Beri beri syndrome
What drugs are given for HTN and arrhythmias
Beta blockers
What drugs are used to treat asthma the causes smooth muscle relaxation
Beta-2 adrenergic
What is the reason to incorporate the use of a small focal spot
Better detail
What test for TOS is described: patient abducts shoulder to 90 degrees, elbow flexed to 90 degrees, extends shoulder, and then extend the elbow
Bikele's sign
Decreased urobilinogen indicates
Biliary obstruction
What is a definitive diagnosis for liver cancer
Biopsy
What are quick, shallow inspirations followed by patterns of apnea (no breathing_
Biot's breathing
What behavior alternates between mania and melancholia with highs and lows that typically lasts 3 months
Bipolar affective disorder
What refers pain to the suprapubic region
Bladder
What type of mets presents in LBP, urinary issues, males over 40, with ivory white vertebrae and increased alkaline phosphatase
Blastic mets
What is inflammation fo the eyelid seen with seborrhea, staph, and inflammation that is red and crusty
Blepharitis
What lab indicates liver and kidney issues
Blood urea nitrogen
What is AVN of the medial tibial condyle
Blount's
What is a pervasive belief that a body part is misshapen or malformed
Body dysmorphic disorder
What measurement with an angle under 28˚ indicates a calcaneal fracture
Boehler's angle
What type of pain is often described as a deep, boring pain that happens at night
Bone cancer
What imaging used technetium 99 for bone density
Bone scan/scintigraphy
What test for piriformis syndrome is described: Patient supine, doc internally rotates affected leg, adducts and then performs SLR
Bonnet's sign
Whaat palpates as a hard, non-giving, abrupt stop
Bony
What is food poisioning that can be caused by honey, corn syrup, molasses
Boutlism
What deformity is seen with hyper extension of the DIP and hyper flexion of the PIP
Boutonniere
What is genu varum
Bow legged
What test for sciatica is described: SLR, knee slightly flexed and placed on docs shoulder, pressure is applied above popliteal fossa and then in the popliteal fossa
Bowstring sign
What factor is release from damaged muscle tissue and sensitized nociceptors
Bradykinin
CPK BB is seen in
Brain tissue
What are early uterine contractions without cervical changes
Braxton Hicks
What is the 2nd m/c/c of death in females
Breast cancer
When the useful beam gets slowed down because it interacts with the target nucleus it is termed __________________ radiation
Bremsstrahlung
What type of radiation is from the majority of the useful beam
Bremsstrahlung/brakin
Which of the following is the most common radio nucleotide substance in drinking water
Bromine
What is irreversible bronchial dilation that presents with a chronic, productive cough
Bronchiectasis
What is a primary malignant tumor fo the lung that starts in the Bronchus and has signs of afebrile and clubbing of nails
Bronchogenic carcinoma
What is a complication of rubeola
Bronchopneumonia
What condition is caused by a hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in ipsilateral loss of motor function with contralateral loss of pain and temp
Brown Sequard lesion
What test for meningeal irritation is described: Patient supine, doc flexes patient head to chest (+) with buckling of knees
Brudzinski sign
What condition leads to claudication and is associated with excess tobacco smoking
Buergers/thromboangitis obliterans
What is a preoccupation with food with binge eating and subsequent purging
Bulimia nervosa
What is a fluid filled lesion over .5cm associated with pemphigus
Bulla
What test for malingering is described: Patient instructed to kneel on a table 18 inches from the floor, bend at the truck and touch the floor as the doctor holds the ankles
Burn's bench test
What is failure of the center of a vertebrae to ossify properly
Butterfly vertebrae
What is caused by cotton dust seen in the textile industry
Byssinosis
Which of the following is a cause of lung disease in a person working in the cotton textile industry
Byssinosis
What type of nerve fiber is for slow pain or temperature
C
What are small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation
C fibers
50% of cervical flexion occurs at what joint
C0/C1
What nerve root is affected in Erb's palsy causing a waiter's tip deformity
C5
What is the primary nerve root tested during the brachioradialis reflex
C6
What nerve root is tested with finger extension
C7
What nerve root is tested with finger flexion
C8
What agency conducts and supports public health activities in the US
CDC
What is a chronic, progressive, genetic disease of mucus glands that increase saltiness and leads to pancreatic insufficiency
CF
What is the efferent limb of the gag reflex
CN 10
What is the efferent limb of the oculocardiac reflex
CN 10
What is the afferent limb of corneal reflex
CN 5
What is the afferent limb of the oculocardiac reflex
CN 5
What is the primary nerve root tested during the biceps reflex
CN 5
What is the primary nerve root tested during the jaw jerk reflex
CN 5
Bell's plays is U/L facial paralysis due to what nerve
CN 7
What is taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN 7
What is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex
CN 7
What is the afferent limb of the gag reflex
CN 9
A spirometer is used to test for what condition
COPD
What condition is called psuedogout and has thin, linear calcification within the joint space
CPPD
What is a chronic pain condition with continuous intense pain out of proportion to the severity of the injury that has skin color changes, intense burning pain, sweating, swelling
CRPS/Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
What type of imaging is measured in hounsfield units that is goo for looking at the lung, stenosis, degeneration, traumatic lesions
CT
Vegans who exclude all animal produces need to be counseled on alternate sources of _______________
Calcium
What is the m/c/c of nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalates
Nothing makes the pain better or worse may indicate ____________
Cancer
Red, painless urine can indicate
Cancer
What presents with a white cottage cheese discharge seen in the mouth or vagina
Candidiasis
What is a thick white fungal patch of the mouth that is easily scarped off
Candidiasis/oral thrush
What gives a firm but giving end feel
Capsular
What ligament is found between articular processes
Capsular ligament
What is an unusual shape of a baby's head due to swelling of the scalp
Caput succedenum
Which of the following substances contributes to the greenhouse effect
Carbon dioxide
What causes blue mucus membranes and cherry red lips
Carbon monoxide
Which of the following is the most common air pollutant
Carbon monoxide
What is used in fire extinguishers
Carbon tetrachloride
What is a collection of furuncles
Carbuncle
What type of shock results from the heart being unable to supply adequate blood circulation to vital organs
Cardiogenic
What is the reason the amount of nitrites were lowered in lunchmeats
Carincogenic
Who states that subbies are abnormal biomechanics caused by muscular imbalance in a weigh bearing spine based on the pelvic distortion model
Carver
What is a written report on the details of a series of related cases
Case series
What is a written report on the details of a single case
Case study
What are opacities int eh lens with with diabetes int eh elderly. These patients also have an absent light reflex
Cataracts
What is considered if a patient sees halos around lights at night
Cataracts
According to the anode heel effect the intensity of radiation is greater at the _______ side of the xray tube
Cathode
What condition presents with a scissor gait, knee's cross midline while walking
Cerebral palsy
What is a non-progressive motor disorder of the cerebral cortex that results in scissor gait, spastic paresis, and choreiform movements
Cerebral palsy
What headache is described: occipital or UC. Decreased ROM, pain in neck, referral to head.
Cervicogenic HA
What is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract
Cervix
What reflex is illicited by stroking the lateral malleolus to the 5th digit
Chaddock
What is a bluish discoloration fo the vagina
Chadwick's sign
What is an infection of the meibonmian gland causing a nodule that points inside the eyelid
Chalazion
What line is from the hard palate to the opisthion used to evaluate for basilar impression if the dens extends 7mm above this line
Chamberlain's line
What is a horizontal fracture through a single body and posterior arch
Chance/seatbelt
What is a painful, soft papule produced by hemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid
What type of radiation is a high intensity electron hitting an inner shell electron and knocking it out of position in orbit
Characteristic
What is a hereditary condition affecting motor and sensory nerves that includes weakness of the foot and leg, frequent tripping, lower leg atrophy of the perineal muscles
Charcot marie tooth
What are red sores at the corners of the mouth that can be related to a B12, riboflavin deficiency
Cheilosis
What are alteration periods of apnea and hyperpnea seen in respiratory acidosis
Cheyne stoke's breathing
S3 is a normal heart sound in what population
Children
What is the m/c/c of infertility in females in the US
Chlamydia
What organism is the causative agent for Reuter's disease and can cause PID in females
Chlamydia
Excessive chlorination is most likely to cause calcium by what agent
Chloramines
What is routinely used for rendering drinking water free of contaminants
Chlorine
What is responsible for degrading the ozone layer
Chlorofluorocarbons
What is a clear, volatile liquid with a strong smell like either used for anesthesia, analgesic, and a remedy for cough but is toxic to the kidney and liver
Chloroform
What is a drug used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Chlorpromazine
What is brown hyperpigmentation of the face during pregnancy
Choasma/Melasma
What condition is seen in fat, fertile females that eat fatty foods
Cholecystitis
What is the m/c/c of cholelithiasis
Cholecystitis
What presents with severe RUQ pain, nausea, vomiting precipitated by eating a large, fatty meal. (+) murphy's sign
Cholecystitis
What is an organophosphate that increases effectiveness of acetylcholine
Cholinesterase inhibitor
What is the condition that involves the patella being pulled laterally by vistas lateralis
Chondromalacia patella
What malignant notochordal tumor is most commonly found in the sacrum and 2nd most commonly in the skull
Chordoma
What is malignancy of the placenta
Choriocarcinoma
What is a malignancy of the placenta
Choriocaricinoma
What conditions presents with RLQ pain, chronic diarrhea, and a cobblestone appearance
Chron's disease
What is the main cause of COPD
Cigarette smoking
What reflex involves pinching the neck while watching for dilation of the eyes
Ciliospiral reflex
Portal HTN, ascites, and esophageal varicose are indicative of
Cirrhosis
Malpractice cases against chiropractors are tried in what court
Civil court
What test for chondromalacia patella is described: Patient supine, knees extended. Doc applies SI pressure on superior patella and asks patient to contract quads
Clarke's sign
What are two events that occur close together in time become fused in the person's mind
Classical conditioning
What type of scatter changes direction with no energy loss
Classical/thompson/coherent
What is muscle pain in the calf muscle that occurs during exercise
Claudication
What is a prospective, longitudinal experiment decent to compare efficacy or effectiveness of a treatment
Clinical trial
What is the position of a joint when the joint capsule and ligaments are maximally tightened
Close-packed
What type of exercise occurs when the hand or foot is fixed in place
Closed chain
What occurs during S1
Closure of the AV valves
What occurs during S2
Closure of the semilunar valves
What headache is described: Males>females U/L, orbital, or temporal. Wake up at night with a headache, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, red eye. Provoked by alcohol and exertion
Cluster
What is constriction of the descending aorta that causes HBP in the UE and LBP in the LE
Coarctation of the aorta
What test for supraspinatus tear is described: examiner abducts armco 90˚ then removes support; arm drops with pain
Codman's drop arm test
What is a defined group of people observed over a period of time
Cohort
What is used to treat acute, symptomatic gout
Colchicine
What is a fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement
Colle's fracture
What is the best way to prevent scatter radiation from reaching the patient
Collimation
What is the best way to reduce scatter radiation to the patient and the film
Collimation
Sacrum
Colon, uterus
What is the special test of choice for lower GI disease
Colonscopy
What is the first breast milk that is expressed within 3 days of birth
Colostrum
What is an accumulation of sebum within a pore, whitehead
Comedone
What type of fracture separates into two or more fragments
Comminuted
No QRS pattern indicates ____________
Complete heart block
Wha type of fracture ruptures the skin and exposes bone
Compound/open
The DRG is most sensitive to what
Compression
Which of the following is the primary form of scatter radiation
Compton
What type of scatter is primary scatter that knock out an outer shell electron and causes loss of energy
Compton scatter
What is an activity designed to reduce anxiety that a person feels compelled to repeat with no conscious desire to do so
Compulsion
What is a thought or behavior that are automatic responses to stress or anxiety
Compulsive
What condition present with putti's triad of hypoplastic femoral head, shallow acetabular shelf, and a femoral head outside of the acetabulum
Congenital hip dysplasia
In egophony, if you hear "aaaaa" instead of "eeeee", what is present
Consolidation
In whispered pectoriloquy, _________________ is present if the sound is louder
Consolidation
A pneumothorax causes tracheal deviation to the ________________ side
Contralateral
What is a group that receives no treatment, placebo, or alternative treatment
Control group
What is a loss or change of physical function caused by psychological conflict
Conversion hysteria
What is the term for right sided heart failure WITHOUT left sided heart failure
Cor pulmonale
What theory did BJ palmer base his HIO on
Cord compression
What is a grayish, opaque ring around the cornea seen in the aging process
Corneal arcus
What plane are the lumbosacral facets in
Coronal
What plane are the thoracic facets in
Coronal
What is inflammation of the cartilage connection between the ribs and sternum that hurts with exercise and deep breaths
Costochondritis
What test for TOS is described - Dr palpates radial pulse while drawing patients shoulders down and back, patient flexes chin to chest
Costoclavicular test
What is a hip anomaly consisting of a femoral angle over 130˚
Coxa valga
What is a hip anomaly consisting of a femoral angle less that 120˚
Coxa vara
What test for lateral epicondylitis is described: patient's elbow is flexed to 90 with forearm pronated and fist dorsiflexed. Doctor stabilizes elbow and resists dorsiflexion
Cozen's test
Dermatomes
Craig Gilliam - "know 'em, love 'em"
What is the best to test for kidney function
Creatinine
What is a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steady load
Creep
What childhood disease presents with resonant barking cough, laryngeal spasm, and may have a membrane
Croup
What ligament the C0 to the body of C2
Cruciate ligament
What sing of pancreatitis is seen as periumbilical ecchymosis caused by intraperitoneal hemorrhage or ectopic pregnancy
Cullen's sign
What condition is due to increased production of ACH/hyperadrenalism that presents as moon face, buffalo ump, hisutism and weakness
Cushing's disease
What is a noninfectious inflammation of the bladder causing burning, painful, and frequent urination with suprapubic pain
Cystitis
What is a herniation fo the urinary bladder into the vagina
Cystocele
Who founded chiropractic in 1895
DD Palmer
What is used to measure bone density for osteoporosis
DEXA
What scan is used for osteoporosis
DEXA
What condition is associated with DM and is seen as flowing hyperostosis, candle was drippings, and fusion of 4 continuous segment with calcification of the ALL and preservation of disc space
DISH
In geriatrics, what is the most common neuromuscular complaint
DJD
What condition present U/L in weight bearing joints, complications can include stenosis and IVF encroachment with spurring, subchondral cysts and decreased joint space
DJD
In geriatrics, what is the most common endocrine malfunction
DM
Increased ketones in urine m/c indicates
DM
What presents with polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphasic
DM
What condition presents with leg tenderness, edema, and pain with a positive homan's sign
DVT
What test for subacromial bursitis is described: Deep palpation by the doc over the subacromial bursa elicits pain
Dawbarn's sign
What is an inflammation of extensor pollicis braves and abductor pollicis longs at the base of the thumb
De-Quervain's tenosynovitis
What test for VBI is described: Patient supine, examiner instructs patient to rotate and extend head of the table and turn to each side for 15-45 seconds.
DeKleyn's
Utilizing a high kVp would ________________ contrast and double density
Decrease
Which of the following changes should be made to decrease magnification
Decrease OFD
Tactile fremitus is _____________________ with air like emphysema or pneumothorax
Decreased
Tactile fremitus is ________________________ with atelectasis and pleurisy
Decreased
Chest films are taken at 72" SID so that _________________ occurs
Decreased magnification of the heart
An increase in kVp _______________ wave lengths with a greater ability to penetrate body tissue
Decreases
When does a depressed fontanelle indicate
Dehydration
What structure extends from a neuronal cell body and receives signals information from the environment
Dendrite
What is refusal to perceive unpleased realities often seen in alcoholics
Denial
An increase in mAs will increase electrons, produce more x-rays, and make the image more ________
Dense
What is the overall blackening on a film
Density
What are the 21 pairs of ligament connecting pia to dura along the spinal cord
Dentate ligament
What is pain along the sensory distribution of a nerve root
Dermatogenous pain
What location in the world is the incidence of new smokers the highest
Developing countries
What presents with polydispsia, polyuria, NO polyphagia due to insufficient ADH
Diabetes insipidus
What is resting and filling of the ventricles
Diastole
What drug is used to increase cardiac contractility but an overdose can cause a heart block
Digitalis
What stage of labor is the first meaningful contraction to full dilation of the cervix to 10 cm
Dilation
What is caused by cornybacterium diphtheria that produces a gray pseudomembrane on the throat and a positive schick test
Diptheria
What type of hernia is m/c in adults over 40 that exits from the external inguinal ring and is acquired from heavy lifting
Direct inguinal hernia
The relationship between mAs and density are _______________ proportional
Directly
Excessive use or ingestion of fluoride leads to what
Discoloration of teeth
What is the m/c location for an aortic aneursym
Distal to renal arteries
Making sure the body part is parallel to the film results in decreased _____________
Distortion
What test is doc exerting upward pressure on the patient head that relieves pain with nerve root pain
Distraction test
What condition is due to lack of fiber and presents with chronic constipation and LLQ pain
Diverticulitis
Flaring or lateral movement of the scapular is caused by a lesion of what nerve
Dorsal scapular
During heel strike what muscles fire to lower the foot to the ground
Dosiflexors
What test for a fractured patella is described: Patient supine, asked to raise extend leg and is unable to do so. Doc applies pressure to quads and the patient can lift their leg
Dreyer's test
What is the least likely way of being injured in the home
Drowning g
What are the yellow deposits under the retina that are an early sign of macular degeneration
Drusen
What test for shoulder dislocation is described: patient places the hand of the affected shoulder on the opposite shoulder and attempts to touch the chest with the elbow
Dugas test
What is the m/c type of peptic ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
What type of ulcer occurs 2 hours after eating and has a black, tarry stool
Duodenal ulver
What is an abnormal thickening of the skin underneath the palm and fingers that results in the 4th and 5th digits curling into the palm
Dupuytren's contracture
What is the most external meningeal layer
Dura
What is painful menses
Dysmenorrhea
What is the first complaint seen with DISH
Dysphagia
What is mild chronic depression with symptoms that occur for 2 years or more
Dysthymic disorder
What is abnormal, painful, or prolonged labor
Dystocia
What is the most common cause of pyelonephritis that presents with WBC in urine
E-coli from UTI
What is the m/c/c of urethritis that presents with nitrites in urine
E. coli from UTI
What is the study used for epilepsy, sleep disturbance, and encephalopathies
EEG
What is a screening test for AIDS
ELISA
What test is used for muscle atrophy
EMG
Increased bowel sounds indicate ____________________
Early intestinal obstruction
What is indicated by an S3 in adults
Early sign of CHF
What study is used to evaluate heart valves
Echocardiogram/Doppler
What is a pregnancy that implants outside the endometrial cavity that presents with spotting, decreased BP, decreased HCG
Ectopic pregnancy
What is fertilization of the egg that implants in one of the fallopian tubes
Ectopic pregnancy
What is the outward turning of the eyelid
Ectropion
What is thinning of the cervix during labor
Effacement
What measurement involves a line connecting the SAP and IAP of a vertebrae and measuring from the midpoint to the vertebral body. A measurement under 15mm indicates stenosis
Einstein's method for sagittal canal measurement
What is the tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size
Elasticity
The number of _________________ determines the number of x-rays emitted
Electons
What is normal vision
Emmetropia
What condition is hyper-resonant, has decreased fremitus, and wheezing
Emphysema
What is destruction of the elastic pulmonary connective tissue that results in dilation of air sacs
Emphysema
What does hyper-resonant percussion tone indicate
Emphysema, pneumothorax
What is the most common benign bone tumor of the hand with a stippled appearance
Enchondroma
A compressive load to the IVD can cause fracture of what structure
End plate
What is a consistently transmitted disease within a population
Endemic
What is a disease acquired from normal microbiota that become opportunistic in a health care setting
Endogenous
What is abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus
Endometriosis
What presents with abdominal pain, back pain, menorrhagia, painful intercourse, and possible infertility
Endometriosis
What is the most common type of postpartum infection
Endometritis
What is the covering of individual nerve fibers
Endoneurium
What is decent of the fetal skull to the level of the ischial spines
Engagement
What benign bone tumor presents with a bone island, oblong, radiopaque lesion
Enostoma
What sero - condition is identical to AS, but is associated with Chron's or ulcerative colitis
Enteropathic arthropathy
What is the inward turning of the eyelid
Entropion
What is bedwetting
Enuresis
What is an outbreak of a disease in a population that gives rise to a higher than expected number of cases
Epidemic
What is a non-tender epidermal cyst filled with sebum
Epidermal cyst
What is an enlarged and tender scrotum relieved by raising the testicle typically caused by and STD
Epididymitis
What neurotransmitter is associated with the sympathetic nervous system
Epinephrine
What is the tissue surrounding the entire nerve
Epineurium
What is an opening on the dorsal penis
Epispadiasis
What causes mononucleosis
Epstein (didn't kill himself) -barr virus
What is a red, fiery lesion associated with a fever and elevated ASO titer caused by beta hemolytic strep
Erysipelas
What is a skin reaction associated with strep that presents with B/L, red, tender nodules
Erythema nodosum
What is caused by an Rh(+) father and an Rh(-) mother during 2nd pregnancy
Erythroblastosis fettles
What is retraction of the tympanic membrane
Eustachian tube block
What condition mimics infection and is seen in the diaphysis of 10-25 year old with a onion skin appearance, Codman's triangle, and saucerization
Ewing's sarcoma
What causes an x-ray to become brown
Exhausted devleoper
What part of GAS is when the organism become susceptible to disease and death
Exhaustion
What is a toxemia of pregnancy caused by HTN
Exlampsia
What is a disease acquired from a health care setting from something like air conditioners or bed rails
Exogenous
What is eyelid lag or failure to cover the eyeball that can be seen with graves or at rumor
Exophthalmosis
What is described: the patient has the procedure explained to them, understands it, and agrees to it
Expressed consent
Infants that suffer ___________________ present with delayed growth, microcephaly, retardation
FAS
What agency assures the safety of foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biological products, and medical devices
FDA
Which agency is responsible for assembling safety of medical devices
FDA
Which organization sets the rules for use of x-ray in the chiropractors office
FDA
What is the length of space from the focal spot to the film
FFD
What hormone is responsible for maturation of the follicle
FSH
What are asymmetric articular planes of the facets seen at L5/S1
Facet tropism
What is an increase in afferent stimuli that causes a decreased threshold for firing
Facilitation
What is irritatation to the anterior horn that exhibits hypertonicity, vasomotor changes, hypersympatheticotonia called
Facilitation
What is the continuous bombardment of nocicpetioin that lowers the threshold for firing
Facilitation
Which of the following is an occupation hazard for skin cancer
Farmer
What type of screen have higher contrast
Fast
What is the number one symptom of anemia due to decreased RBC
Fatigue
Who determined the fixation theory of hypomobility
Faye
What is a common drug used for arthritis
Feldene
What lines are drawn through and the femoral shaft and neck. Over 130˚ is coxa valga and under 120˚ is coxa vara
Femoral angle
What type of hernia appears lateral and inferior to the external inguinal ring
Femoral hernia
What is the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex
Femoral nerve
What is the most common benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
What are palpable nodules in the breast after ovulation
Fibrocytic breast disease
What is characterized by multiple, round, freely moveable breast masses that get worse with caffeine, ovulation, and menses
Fibrocytic breast disease
What is a chronic widespread pain and heightened painful response to pressure, fatigue, sleep disturbance, stiff joints
Fibromyalgia
What benign bone tumor presents with rind sign, and can causes saber sin deformity, sheppard's crook, ground glass, and coast of maine appearances
Fibrous dysplasia
What determines the focusing spot of the anode
Filament size
Which part of the x-ray machine does not allow low energy x-rays to get to the patient and limits scatter
Filtration
What technique is only performed on an unconcious patient and only when you can see an object in the patient's mouth
Finger sweep
What is the least likely fatal injury to occur in adults
Firearms
What is characterized by deep furrow not resurface of the tongue
Fissured/scrotal tongue
What is an abnormal passage between two organs
Fistula
What hardens the image and makes it permanent on the film
Fixer
What tendon is affected in medial epicondylitis resulting in pain with flexion
Flexor carpi ulnas
Aggregation of colloidal particles occurs during the _______________ phase of water purification
Flocculation or Coagulation
What is a form of desensitization for treatment of phobias in which the patient is repeatedly exposed to distressing situations
Flooding
What antibody is seen with syphilis
Fluorescent treponema antibody
What ingredient in publicly treated water is most likely to cause cancer
Fluoride
Where does thermionic emission occur
Focuing cup
When taking an x-ray, where does thermionic emission occur
Focusing cup
What test is cervical rotation to one side, doc presses downward at the neutral position
Foramina compression test
What test involves pushing the patella against the femur
Fouchet's sign
What is a bar room fracture
Fracture of 4th and 5th metacarpals
What is AVN of the head of the 2nd or 3rd metatarsal
Freiburg's
WhWhat is a statistical expression of how often a condition occurs
Frequency
What presents with a red currant jelly sputum caused by klebsiella pneumonia
Friedlander's pneumonia
What test for ulnar nerve palsy is described: Dr. places a piece of paper between the thumb and index fingers and attempts to pull it out
Fromnet's paper sign
High intake of what substance will lead to metabolic syndrome
Fructorse
Who determined the anal to phallic or genital concepts of development
Frued
What type of incontinence is m/c with older adults with arthritis, Parkinson's, alzheimers
Functional incontinence
What is based on the idea that under optimal conditions, the body can respond to stresses by adapting to them
GAS
What test is best for SIJ pain
Gaenslen
What is a fracture of the distal 1/3 of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint
Galeazzi
What reflex occurs when running a finger down the spine, ipsilateral muscle will contract to that side
Gallant reflex
Meric chart - T4
Gallbladder
What refers pain to the right shoulder and inferior angle of the scapula
Gallbladder
What visceral structures refers to the right shoulder and tip of the scapula
Gallbladder
What is the m/c/c of direct/conjugated bilirubin
Gallstones
What neurons act to innervate muscle spindles to set muscle tone
Gamma motor neurons
What is removal of stomach contents via a pump
Gastric lavage
What theory of pain states that within the substantial gelatinous factors are able to block of facilitate pain. Singals traveling up A fibers are faster than C fibers of nociception
Gate theory
What is caused by human papilloma virus that presents as painful, soft, flesh colored cauliflower erosions and is linked to cervical cancer
Genital warts
What is the efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex
Genitofemoral nerve
What is the care for frostbite
Gently soak in warm water, do not attempt to warm frostbitten area
What line runs along the posterior margins of the vertebral body that is used to determine listhesis
Georg'es line
What benign bone tumor is epiphyseal/metaphyseal location that is quasi-malignant with a lytic, soap bubble appearance
Giant cell tumor
What is excessive production of growth hormone prior to skeletal maturation
Gigantism
Who considered the process of joint dysfunction through three different phases of joint fixation - muscular, ligamentous, articular and considered ligamentous to be the most important
Gillet
What scale to assess level of conciousness involved eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
Glasgow scale
What is increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc
Glaucoma
Meric chart - C1
Global systemic effects
RBC casts in urine indicate
Glomerulonephritis
What is a measure of agreed upon accuracy and validity
Gold standard
What is a gram (-) diplococcus that is grown on chocolate agar
Gonorrhea
What m/c presents with dysuria, green mucopurulent discharge, and most commonly affects the knee
Gonorrhea
What is softening of the cervix
Goodell's sign
What reflex is performed by stroking the pisiform of the patient and looking for flexion of the wrist and fingers or thumb and index finger
Gordon's finger
What condition is associated with affect the MTP, top crystals, overhanging margins and is diagnosed with joint aspiration
Gout
What condition presents in males over 40 due to an increase of uric acid
Gout
What test for muscular dystrophy is described: When patient arises from supine position, patient turns prone to climb themselves up
Gower's sign
What type of confusion involves the patient losing conciousness
Grade 3
What presents as red, beefy lesions that are nodular and lead to ulcerations of the perineal area
Granuloma inguinale
What type of fracture is an incomplete fracture (one sided) seen in children
Greenstick
What sign of pancreatitis is seen from bleeding into the flank
Grey Turner sign
What is a device with alternating strips of lead and spacer material
Grid
What is placed between the patient and film to improve quality and absorb scatter
Grid
What is the main component of smog
Ground level ozone
What causes acute glomerulonephritis that presents with RBC casts in the urine and (+) ASO titre
Group A hemolytic strep
What is an inflammatory polyneuropathy linked to immunizations that has ascending paralysis that begins in the lungs and becomes emergent if it reaches the diaphragm
Guillain-Barre syndrome
What disease is a demyelination of the PNS
Guillan barre
What is the m/c/c of peptic ulcers
H. Pylori
What condition most commonly affects the shoulder joint resulting in round calcification near the insertion fo the bursa or tendons
HADD
What hormone promotes health of the corpus luteum and is used to detect pregnancy
HCG
What virus causes genital herpes
HSV-2
What headache is described: Occiptal, band like headache at the vertex. Throbbing, wake up with headache.
HTN
What is the m/c/c of Left sided HF
HTN
Who was the father of homeopathy
Hahnemann
What drug is used to manage psychotic disorders and used to control motor tics, and verbal tics in tourette's syndrome
Haldol
What test for VBI is described: Patient supine, head extended off table. Examiner offers support to skull. Examiner brings head into extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
Hallpike
What test for TOS is described, patient extends head back, examiner slightly abducts arms then applies downward traction while taking pulse
Halstead's test
Deceleration of the thigh during gait is under the action of what muscles
Hamstrings
What is an avulsion fracture of the spinouses during hyperflexion that typically affect C6-T1
Hangman's fracture
Who came up with GAS
Hans Selye
What test for VBI is described: Patient seated, arms extended forward to shoulder level with hands supinated. Maintain position. Close eyes, rotate and hyperextend to one side and repeat on opposite side
Hautant's
Pancreatic cancer is most often found where
Head
Which of the following is NOT an example of primary prevention
Health screening
What refers pain to the left shoulder and medial left arm
Heart
Meric chart - T1-T4
Heart and lung
What is the m/c/c of death in the elderly
Heart disease
What is the number one COD in the US
Heart disease
Which of the following is the leading COD in people over 80
Heart disease
The most stretch on the sciatic nerve occurs during what phase of the gait cycle
Heel strike
What is softening of the isthmus of the uterus
Hegar's sign
What is the most common benign bone tumor of the spine with a courdory cloth appearance
Hemangioma
What is vomitting up blood
Hematemesis
What is blood in the stool
Hematochesia
What is a failure of development of the lateral ossification center of a vertebrae resulting gan an isolated wedge that can cause a gibbus deformity leading to scoliosis
Hemivertebrae
What is coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
What hepatitis is spread fecal oral
Hepatitis A
What hepatitis is spread from needles, sex, etc and is most common to become liver cancer
Hepatitis B
What hepatitis is spread from blood transfusions
Hepatitis C
What causes shingles that can lead to chicken pox
Herpes zoster
What is a painful rash following the course of a dermatome typically in the thoracic region and it can affect CN 5
Herpes zoster
What virus has vesicular lesion of the DRG that is found in the course of a dermatome
Herpes zoster/Shingles
What is a protrusion of the stomach above the diaphragm that presents with palpable tenderness in the LUQ, reflux, dyspepsia and is worse after eating
Hiatal hernia
Which of the following best decreases the contrast
High kVp
What law is "a nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which more the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of the muscles"
Hilton's law
In geriatrics, what is the most common fractured bone
Hip
What test for SIJ is described: patient lies on unaffected side, patient abducts leg, dr exerts downward pressure proximal to knee
Hip abduction stress test
What is the father of modern medicine and is thought to be the first to manipulate
Hippocrates
What part of VSC refers to inflammation - Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
Histopathophysiology
What is the most common form of mets in 20-40 year old males that is characterized by an ivory white vertebrae with vertebral scalloping and U/L hilarious lymphadenopathy
Hodgkin's disease
What is the cancer of the lymphatic system that can spread to the spleen, it presents with U/L hilar lymphadenopathy and redd-sternburg cells
Hodgkin's lymphoma
What reflex is illicited by flicking down on the distal phalanx of the middle finger
Hoffman
Where do most injuires occur
Home
What test for malingering is described: Patient supine, doc places on hand under each heel and asks patinet to lift the affected limb, positive if doc doesn't feel the unaffected side pressing down
Hoover's sign
What is an infection fo the sebaceous glands that causes a pimple on the eyelid
Hordoleum/sty
Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis on the same eye
Horner syndrome
What is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive decline, dementia
Huntington's chorea
What is a non-viable embryo which develops in the placenta and presents with very high levels of HCG
Hydatiform mole
What is benign trophoblastic tissue which develops at the placenta seen with very high HCG
Hydatiform mole
What is excess water in the testicle that feels swollen, painless, heavy, tight, transilluminates
Hydrocele
What is accessible nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
Hyperemesis gravidariium
What is excess blood in vessels to a particular region
Hyperemia
What is farsightedness
Hyperopia
What presents with renal calculi, brown tumors, salt and pepper skull, and a rugged jersey spine
Hyperparathyroidism
Copper wire/silver wire deformities, A-V nicking, flame hemorrhages, cotton wool exudates indicate what eye issue
Hypertensive retinopathy
What is most commonly caused by grave's disease that results in decreased TSH and increased TH
Hyperthyroidism
What is an exaggerated pre-occupation with bodily functions and fear that one is suffering from serious disease
Hypochondriasis
What is an opening on the ventral penis
Hypospadiasis
According to selye, what system copes with stress
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis
What is m/c caused by hashiomoto's disease that is associated with cretinism and diminished physical and mental capacity
Hypothyroidism/myxedema
What type of shock is caused by an abnormal decrease in blood volume
Hypovolemic
What is the loss of energy when the dis is subjected to repetetive loading
Hysteresis
What is attention seeking, aggressive, seductive person who is unable to be involved emotionally
Hysterical/Histrionic
What condition has variable degrees of consitpation and diarrhea that is associated with strep and anxiety with abdominal pain relieved by bowel movements
IBS
What is increased keratinization of skin producing non-inflammatory skin lesions
Ichthyosis
What curvilinear line is drawn along the outer ilium onto the femoral neck that may indicate a slipped femoral capital epiphysis
Iliofemoral line
Acceleration of the thigh during gait is under the action of what muscle
Iliopsoas and RF
What is the number 1 test for multiple myeloma
Immunoelectrophoresis
What type of fracture is involves fragments being driven into another bone
Impaction
What is a crusty lesion found on the corners fo mouth or on the hands
Impetigo
What occurs when the patient is unable to communicate consent, but life saving interventions are required
Implied consent
What might cause brown films
Inadequate developer
What might cause greasy films
Inadequate washing
What is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease within a specific population during a specified time period
Incidence
In processing images, solution temps that are too hot ______________ density
Increase
Solution temperatures that are too hot will ________________ density
Increase
Which fo the following is one of the side effects of using a grid when taking an x-ray
Increase patient dose
Tactile fremitus is ________________ with fluid like in pneumonia
Increased
What does a bulging fontanelle indicate
Increased intracranial pressure
What is the first case of a disease in a given area or population
Index case
What is the m/c type of hernia that can descend into the scrotum
Indirect inguinal hernia
What structural landmark is found at T6 when lying down
Inferior angle of the scapula
What structural landmark is found at T7 when seated
Inferior angle of the scapula
What is a dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation that doesn't react to light or accommodation. Seen with MS
Internal opthalmoplegia
What is the measured results between different practitioners evaluating the same thing
Interobserver reliabilty
What are reddened areas caused by moisture, friction, and warmth retention found in folds of skin
Intertrigo
What is the consistency in which one practitioner can consistently arrive at the same results
Intraobserver reliability
kVp and contrast are ______________ related
Inversely
Atelectasis causes tracheal deviation to the __________________ side
Ipsilateral
What is inflammation fo the iris seen with AS
Iritis/Uveitis
In geriatrics, what is the most common anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
What blood condition is seen with chronic blood loss, pregnancy, and m/c GI bleed gin
Iron deficiency anemia
What test is cervical LF to the side, doc presses downward
Jackson's compression
What is a yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucus membranes that can occur with any liver or GB disorder
Jaundice
What is the maneuver used to bring out the reflexes via cortical distraction
Jendrassik
Gout is tested via
Joint aspiration
What is a transverse fracture of the 5th metatarsal
Jone's fracture
What measures the pressure of the right side of the heart that can be increased when CHF is present by pressing on the liver
Jugular venous pressure
Who determined the collective unconscious of man used for psychoanalysis
Jung
What is a lesion of the mouth associated with AIDS
Karposi sarcoma
What is AVN of the Lunate
Keinboch's
What is a dense, sharply elevated, progressively enlarging scar with collagenous hyperplasia seen in african americans
Keloid
What test for meningeal irritation is described: Patient supine, doc flexes hip and knee to 90/90 and attempts to extend knee. (+) if patient resistis extension
Kernig sign
Meric chart - T10-T12
Kidney
What refers pain to the flank
Kidney
What part of VSC is described as hypo mobility, diminished joint palsy, or segmental hypermobility due to compensation
Kinesiopathophysiology
What part of VSC is the cornerstone of chiropractic because we adjust to restore motion
Kinesiopathophysiology
Who presented the 3 phase pattern of degernation - dysfunction, unstable, stabilization
Kirkaldy-Willis
What is a line drawn along the outer margin of the femoral neck
Klein's line
What presents with fused vertebrae, wasp waist deformity, hypoplastic, rudimentary discs
Klippel feil
What presents with multiple congenital blocks and is associated with a low hair line, sprengel deformity, and an omovertebral bone
Klippel feil
What is a palsy of the lower brachial plexus (C8-T1) caused by birth trauma that presents with a claw hand
Klumpke's paralysis
Synoviochondrometaplasia results in multiple loose joint bodies and most commonly present in what joint
Knee
What is spina bifida of S1 with L5 spinous enlargement and pain on extension
Knife clasp syndrome
What is gen valium
Knock knee
What is AVN of the Navicular
Kohler's
What line is drawn along the pelvic inlet to the outer obturator foramen that may indicate protrusio acetablui
Kohler's line
What is a spoon nail from iron deficiency anemia
Koilonychia
What are low pitched sounds produced by turbulent blood flow in arteries
Korotkoff sounds
Who created the segmental facilitation theory
Korr
Who determined that a vertebra is stuck in a normal or abnormal position but always within a normal ROM due to muscle spasm producing hypomobilty and nociception
Korr
Who devloped the first model to explain segmental dysfunction
Korr
What is rapid and shallow breathing that becomes deep, slow, labored gasping seen with metabolic acidosis
Kussumaul breathing
What is protein malnutrition with ascites
Kwashiorkor
Foot drop occurs with a lesion at what levels
L4/L5
What is the primary nerve root tested during the medial hamstring reflex
L5
What hormone is most responsible for ovulation
LH
Below 2+ on DTR may indicate _________________
LMN lesion
What lesion is hypoactive, hypotonic, and absent reflexes
LMN lesion
Why are the spinal nerve roots as they exit the IVF more susceptible to pressure, inflammation, and ischemia
Lack of epineural covering
What reflex occurs when the infant attempts to raise the head and arch the back in the prone position
Landau reflex
What is fuzzy hair on baby skin
Lanugo
What is the test of choice for abdominal tumor
Laparoscopy
What is the most common surgical procedure for endometriosis
Laprascopy
What test for malingering is described: Patient sitting, examiner faces patient, extends patients leg to parallel with the floor (+) if there is no pain with this, but pain with SLR
Laseque's sitting
Absent bowel sounds indicate ______________________
Late intestinal obstruction
In hypothyroidism, what is the m/c vision loss
Lateral 1/3
What tendon in lateral epicondylitis is most commonly affected resulting in pain with wrist extension and pronation
Lateral epicondylitis
Meralgia parenthetic is caused by damage not what nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Exposure to what substance is the most prevalent source of environmental disease in children in the US
Lead
What poisoning presents with blue gums, basophilic stippling of the RBC's and causes insomnia, delirium, tremors, cognitive deficits
Lead poisoning
Pulmonary edema, SOB, and orthopnea indicate
Left sided HF
What is the m/c/c of right sided HF
Left sided HF
What does pulsus alternans indicate
Left ventricular failure
What condition presents as a painless limp in kids 4-9 with an increased density of the femoral head and a snow capped apperance
Legg calve perthens
What is AVN of the Femoral epiphysis
Legg calve perthes
What are benign tumors of uterine smooth muscle
Leiomyoma
Where is the m/c location of a gastric carcinoma
Lesser curvature
What is the most common cancer of children and down syndrome
Leukemia
What is a pre-cancerous lesion of white patches seen in the mouth that CANNOT be easily scraped off
Leukoplakia
What is a precancerous lesion seen on mucus membrane associated with tobacco
Leukoplakia
Ptosis is due to paralysis of what muscle
Levator palpebrae
What test for AS is described: patient supine, doc supports legs on the table, patient is asked to sit up without using hands (+) if patient is unable to perform
Lewin supine test
What is a written false statement submitted to harm another
Libel
What test is described for malingering: doc applies pressure to mastoid until patient expresses discomfort
Libman's test
What is an inflammatory pruritic disease characterized by papules with shiny, fine SCALES
Lichen planus
What is rough and thick skin due to scratching of chronic dermatitis
Lichentification
Swelling and pain that occur immediately following injury indicates damage to what
Ligament tear
What palpates an an abrupt hard block with no end play
Ligamentous
What is the most important ligament in limiting flexion
Ligamentum flavum
What is the dropping of the baby into the pelvis 2 weeks before delivery
Lightening
What test for root sciatica is described: Patient's head flexed to chest
Lindner sign
What is a dark street down midline of the abdomen during pregnancy
Linea nigra
What is a drug used to treat bi-polarity that produces tremors
Lithium
What is the most common site for metastatic disease
Liver
Enlarged liver with a hard, irregular border is what _________________
Liver cancer
Decreased BUN indicates
Liver disease
Meric chart - T6-T10
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder
What presents with consolidation fo the lung, rusty brown sputum, cough for 10 days and a fever. Imaging shows silhouette sign
Lobar pneumonia
What is vaginal discharge after delivery
Lochia
Winged scapula is caused by damage to what nerve
Long thoracic
In pneumonia, bronchophony will be heard __________________
Louder
What is the least offending scoliosis that is a normal compensatory deviation
Lovett
A high kVp = a ___________ contrast
Low
For best detail, OFD should be ____________
Low
What line is drawn thought he center of L3 inferiorly. If the line is anterior to the sacrum = hyper-lordosis if a line is drawn posterior to the sacrum = hypolordosis
Lumbar gravity line
What is the m/c location of blastic mets from prostatic carcinoma
Lumbar spine
What is an oblique line drawn through and parallel to the sacral base with a horizontal line parallel to the bottom of the film that should range between 26-57˚
Lumbosacral angle
What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone that presents with a pie sign
Lunate
What organism is chlamydia that affects the lymph nodes of the groin and produces recta strictures
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
What type of cancer is breast cancer when it metastasizes to bone
Lytic
What type of Mets presents with night pain, moth eaten, swiss chess appearance with an increase of alkaline phosphatase
Lytic mets
What is general malnutrition
MArasms
What conditions are damaged in the terrible triad of the knee
MCL, ACL, Medial meniscus
An enlarged or inverted ST segment on an ECG is indicative of ____________
MI
What does an increase in lactate dehydrogenase indicate
MI
Cortex is always black on what imaging modality
MRI
What is the best imaging for AVN
MRI
What is the best imaging for MS
MRI
Exposure to excess heat is most detriment to a patient who has ____________
MS
What is demyelination of the CNS that is m/c seen in females 20-40 with periods of exacerbations and remission that is worse when moving from warm to cold.
MS
What presents with diplopia, scotoma, blindness, optic neuritis, pain, vertigo, and UMNL with Charcot's stria of scanning speech, intention tremors, and nystagmus
MS
The m/c injury that keeps people from work is _______
MSK problems
What is the most costly work related injury
MSK problems
The m/c/c of unintentional death in the US is from what
MVA
What is the m/c/c of serious injury
MVA
What is a line drawn parallel through the inferior endplate that indicates facet imbrication if it intersects the SAP
Macnab's line
What line runs from the basion to the opisthion used to evaluate for basilar impression
Macrae's line
In blood work, MCV over 100 is
Macrocytic
In geriatrics, what is the most common visual problem
Macular degeneration
What is the most common reason for blindness in the elderly; central vision loss
Macular degeneration
What type of lesion is under .5cm that is flat like a freckle
Macule
What is a shortened distal radius, asymmetric prominence of ulnar styloid, posterior subluxation of the distal ulna
Madelung's deformity
What is an enchondroma with a soft tissue calcification
Maffucci syndrome
What test for malingering is described: Patient is asked to point to the site of pain, examiner marks it with a skin pencil, later on the patient is asked to point to the pain and they point to a different area
Magnusson's test
What test for VBI is described: Patient seated, examiner brings head into extension and rotation
Maigne's
According to the healthy people 2020, which mental illness is the leading cause of disability
Major Depression
What is a deformity of the fingertip in which it curls and cannot straighten itself
Mallet finger
What is coughing, tearing of esophageal blood vessels and hematemesis with a palmar rash from bile salts
Mallory weiss syndrome
What is professional negligence by act or omission by a health care provider in which care provided deviates from accepted standards of practice
Malpractice
What test for malingering is described: doc takes resting pulse rate, then applies pressure over painful area and takes pulse rate again (An increase of 10 BPM indicates they are not malingering)
Mannkopf's sign
What special test is used for TB
Mantoux test
What is a stress fracture of the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th metatarsal
March fracture
What is an inherited CT disorder with ventricular weakening and enlargement. Patient presents with tall, long fingers/limbs, lens subluxation, CV and lung problems
Marfan's syndrome
Who determined the hierarchy of human needs - Physiology, safety, love, self esteem, self actualization
Maslow
What is the close packed position of tibia-talar joint
Max dorsiflexion
What is the close packed position of the DIPs and PIPs of the fingers
Max extension
What is the close packed position of the hip
Max extension, IR, and abduction
What test is cervical rotation, LF, and hyperextension
Max foraminal compression
What is a line draw from the hard palate to the base of the occiput that is the best line for evaluation basilar impression
McGregor's line
The FDA does not regulate what
Meat
What is the 1st discharge from the intestine of a newborn
Meconium
What nerve is involved in tarsal tunnel syndrome
Medial plantar nerve
What are the receptors for touch
Meissner's/Merkel's
What is the most invasive cancer of the skin
Melanoma
What is the 1st menstrual cycle
Menarche
What is a disorder of recurrent vertigo, sensory hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear
Meniere's disease
What headache is described: Intense, deep pain never experienced before. Stiff neck/nuchal rigidity
Meningeal irritation
Swelling that occurs 12-24 hours post injury with inability to lock out the joint is indicative of
Meniscal tear
What is an intra-articular synovial fold
Meniscoid
What poisoning can present with peripheral neuropathies, brain damage, kidneys, and lung problems
Mercury toxicity
What is the most common malignant tumor of bone
Mets
In blood work, MCV under 80 is
Microcytic
What headache is described: Females/males. m/c U/L. Photophiobia, aura, throbbing, worse behind one eye. Nausea/vomitting. Familial. Provoked by light, chocolate, cheese, tension.
Migraine
What test for lateral epicondylitis is described: patient is instructor to extend forearm, make a fist, flex the wrist, then maximal pronate the forearm
Mill's test
What is the heating of filaments to cause a boiling off of electrons
Milliamperage
What is a fixed and constricted pupil that can act to light and accommodate
Miosis
Aortic regurgitation occurs during diastole due to (ARMS and PRTS)
Mitral Stenosis
What is pain in the abdomen at ovulation
Mittleschmerz
What virus is characterized by a dome shaped, flesh colored, gray umbilicate papular that becomes white with a caseous core seen in the mouth and eyelids
Molluscum contagiosum
What is a bluish, ill defined area of the skin of the buttock in a child
Mongolian spot
What condition present with fever, HA, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
Mononucleosis
What is a fracture of the ulna with radial head displacement
Monteggia
What is a diseased condition or state of sickness
Morbidity
What reflex occurs when the arms and legs flare out to the side in respond to loud sound
Moro startle reflex
What iis made up of 2 vertebral bodies and an IVD
Motion segment
Reversed albumin/globulin ratio indicates
Multiple myeloma
What malignant condition presents in people over 50 with cachexia, weight loss, and is the most common primary malignancy of the spine
Multiple myeloma
What malignant condition presents with punched out lesions, rain drop skull, and has increased lab values of immunoelectrophoresis, with a reversed albumin/globulin ratio
Multiple myeloma
What is a mild disease of the parotid gland that can produce orchitis
Mumps
Increased CPK is seen in
Muscle necrosis
What is firm but giving and palpates as deep, taut, tender fibers
Muscular
What condition presents with a waddling gait
Muscular dystrophy
What does decreased creatinine indicate
Muscular dystrophy
What is a sex linked recessive disorder that has proximal muscle weakness causing a waddling gait, toe walking, hyperlordosis, Gower's sign
Muscular dystrophy
What autoimmune disease makes antibodies against ACh receptors causing myoneural dysfunction and weakness in the CN, then proximal muscles
Myasthenia gravis
What presents with early ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, and fatigue of muscles. Muscle weakness is worst at the end of the day. This is diagnosed with a cholinesterase inhibiting drug
Myasthenia gravis
What is a fixed, dilated pupil seen with anticholinergic drugs
Mydriasis
CPK MB is seen in
Myocardial tissue
What part of VSC includes spasm of hypertonicity of muscles as a compensation. Acutely there is spasm, chronically there is atrophy
Myopathology
What is nearsightedness
Myopia
What is calcification of the muscle belly m/c seen in the biceps or quads
Myositis ossificans
What is pain that originates in a muscle
Myotogenous pain
Sudden onset, or able to find a comfortable position indicates what system
NMS
What test for SOL is described: patient seated, doc holds pressure over jugular veins
Naffziger's test
What is attention seeking with no regards to others and have a strong admiration of self
Narcissism
What agency conducts and supports medical research
National institute of health
Which of the following organizations pays for medical research
National institute of health
What is taking away the aversive stimulus in response to a person's actions increases the action
Negative reinforcement
What is an ulna that is unusually shorter than the radius that is seen with scapulo-lunate dislocation
Negative ulnar variance
What is failure to conform to the standard of care expected and imposed by law
Negligence
What malignant tumor of the kidney is seen in children under 5
Nephroblastoma/Wilm's tumor
What presents with writhing flank pain that radiates to the grown, (=) Murphy's punch, hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
Waxy casts in urine indicate
Nephrosis
What conditions is characterized by HTN, edema, massive proteinuria with waxy or fatty casts in urine
Nephrotic syndrome
What test for tight hamstrings is described: when bending forward from the waist, the knee flexes on the side of involvement
Neri's bowing
DD palmer though that pain in a dermatome pattern, decreased DTR, parasthesia, and muscle atrophy were caused by
Nerve compression
_________________ is stressful to the viscera and the body structure which may modify the immune response and alter trophic function
Neural dysfunction
What theory claims that's spinal biomechanical insult to nerves may affect intra-neural axoplasmic transport and in turn affects the quality of neurotrophic influence and molecular changes in cells
Neurodystrophic hypothesis
Response to stress are coordinated by what mechanism
Neuroendocrine
What condition presents with scoliosis, cervical kyphosis, vertebral body scalping, and cafe au lait spots with coast of california appearance
Neurofibromatosis
What type of claudication is not predictable, position related, caused by DJD or stenosis
Neurogenic
What type of shock is caused by trauma to the SC or brain
Neurogenic
What condition is secondary to impaired sensory function that is seen with diabetes, syphilis and syngromyelia. This condition present with joint destruction, dislocation, disorganization, distention, density and debris
Neurogenic arthropathy
What part of VSC causes neural dysfunction via irritation, compression, or decreased axoplasmic transport
Neuropathopysiology
What is a type 1 nerve injury that involves a reversible block by local ischemia and demyelination of the axon sheath
Neuropraxia
What is at type 3 nerve injury that is most severe with complete division and disruption of the endoneurium
Neurotmesis
What is a normal WBC count
Never --- 60 Let --- 30 My--- 8 Engine --- 2 Blow --- 0
What is a fracture of the proximal ulna
Night stick fracture
The accumulation of smog consists mostly of ____________
Nitrogen dioxide
What is used to manage episodes of angina in people who have coronary artery disease
Nitroglycerin
What test for TFL syndrome is described: Patient supine with legs in 90/90. Doc applies pressure to lateral femoral condyle while extending the knee
Noble compression test
What is a hard, raised lesion over .5cm
Nodule
A ______________ or gluten allergy can lead to chron's
Non-tropical sprue
Increased HCG, nausea, weight gain, breast tenderness are indicative of
Normal pregnancy
What are the characteristics of the sclera
Normal: white Yellow: jaundice Blue: Osteogenesis imperfecta
What isa calcium channel blocker used to treat HTN or angina
Norvase
What is an infection acquired by patients or staff in a health care setting
Nosocromial
What is a discrete coin shaped, ring or annular lesion that form patches that ooze and crust
Nummlar eczema
What is a complication that can occur with DISH
OPLL
Which of the following agencies wrote about the blood borne pathogens to protect workers
OSHA
What hormone is responsible for contractions during labor and milk let down
OT
What range of degrees does scoliosis need surgical consult
OVer 40˚
What is the distance between the patient and film
Object film distance (OFD)
What is recurring, intrusive thoughts or images that seem senseless or unpleasant
Obsessive
What type of fracture is clinically evident, but not visible on x-ray
Occult fracture
What is the reflex of pressing on the eye and increasing heart rate
Oculocardiac reflex
Know the inverse square law pg (53 on supplemental packet), I don't want to type it all out
Okay
What structures produce myelin in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Multiple enchondromas are malignant and called ___________________
Ollier's disease
What type of exercise allows for free motion of the hand or foot
Open chain
What is a satisfying reinforcement that strengthens behavior
Operant conditioning
What is the posterior foramen magnum point
Opisthion
What reflex is illicited by stroking down the tibial crest to the ankle
Oppenheim
What are the normal temperature values for Oral Rectal/tympanic Axilla Range:
Oral: 98.6 R&T: 99.6 Axilla: 97.6 Range: 96-99.5 or 35-37.5
What test for hip dysplasia is described: infant supine, legs abducted and externally rotated, palpable or audible click
Ortolani
What congenital defect shows a lucent wide line between the body of C2 and the dens
Os odonteium
What condition is tibial apophysitis with pinpoint pain and swelling
Osgood schlatter's
What is an avulsion of the tibial tuberosity in athletes with repetitive knee extension
Oshgood Schlatter
What condition presents in multiparous females as B/L triangular sclerotic areas on the ilium with a norma joint space
Osteitis condensans ilii
What is the most common benign bone tumor that affects the neural arch
Osteoblastoma
What condition is associated with the knee locking into extension, Wilson's sign, and is best seen on tunnel view radiographs
Osteochondritis dessicans
What is AVN that can cause the knee to lock out into extension
Osteochondritis dessicans
What common benign bone tumor presents with pedunculated or sessile appearance
Osteochondroma
What is the most common benign bone tumor fo the appendicular skeleton
Osteochondroma
What benign bone tumor presents with night pain relieve by aspirin and a radiolucent central nidus
Osteoid osteoma
What is the most common benign bone tumor of the skull most commonly found in the frontal sinus on a Caldwell projection
Osteoma
What condition has sclerotic bone marrow that affects RBC production and leads to enlargement of the liver and spleen
Osteopetrosis
What condition presents with bone within a bone or sandwich vertebrae
Osteopetrosis
What benign bone tumor consists of multiple bone islands
Osteopoiklosis
What is the most common malignant found in children with a speculated, radiating, sunburst appearance
Osteoscaroma
What is the rapid emergence of a disease in a specific population or geological area
Outbreak
Where is the m/c location of endometriosis
Ovaries
Meric chart - L1-L2
Ovary, colon
What age range are people most likely to incur a fatal injury
Over 35
What type of incontinence is the inability to completely void that leads to a dribble, common in prostate issue patients
Overflow incontinence
Patients that inhale poisons need emergency ______________
Oxygen
What ECG wave is normal atrial depolarization
P wave
What tool is used to measure blood volume, oxygen uptake, and metabolism
PET scan
In lovett scoliosis, the AI sacrum is on the same side as the _______________ ilium
PI
What is an infection of the fallopian tube where inflammation is caused by gonorrhea of chlamydia
PID
What is an infection of the female genital tract m/c complicated by STD
PID
What are the receptors for vibration
Pacinian corpuscle
What malignant tumor presents in males over 50 with cortical thickening, picture frame vertebrae, and increased alkaline phosphatase
Paget's
What is calcification of the medial collateral ligament with a wisp-of-smoke appearance
Palligrini steidsa
What organ is an endocrine and exocrine organ
Pancreas
What refers pain to the T10 levels in the epigastric region
Pancreas
What presents with dark urine, clay colored stool, and jaundice
Pancreatic cancer
What presents with knife like epigastric pain that is seen with alcoholism
Pancreatitis
What are repeated attacks of anxiety that last 5-30 minutes
Panic disorder
What is AVN of the capitulum
Panner's
What is swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure without visual loss
Papilledema
What type of lesion is small, raised, under .5cm and is associated with measles and syphilis
Papule
What are preoccupation with sensitive, defensive, suspicion that leads to aggression and unfounded beliefs
Paranoid
What is entrapment of the foreskin behind glans penis
Paraphimosis
What condition presents with a festinating gait, forward lean with small shuffling steps
Parkinson's
What is a chronic progressive condition associated with a loss of dopamine in the substance migration causing basal ganglionic dysfunction, resting tremor, mask like face, festinating gate, cogwheel/lead pipe rigidity
Parkinson's disease
What is an inflammation of the nail fold near the cuticle
Paronychia
What is a distorted sense of smell
Parosmia
What congenital heart defect is due to failure of a shunt to close between the aorta and left pulmonary artery
Patent ductus arteriosus
What part of VSC involves hormonal or chemical effects to the pre-inflammatory stress syndrome via production of histamines, prostaglandins, and bradykinins
Pathophysiology
The greatest amount of scatter radiation when taking an x-ray is produced by _________________
Patient
Who determined classical conditioning
Pavlov
What is a pigeon chest
Pectus carinatum
What is a funnel chest
Pectus excavatum
What presents as contralateral pedicle hypertrophy and sclerosis in a patient under 40
Pedicle agenesis
What is blurry halo parts of an image
Penumbra
What presents with burning, pinpoint epigastric pain and coffee around emesis
Peptic ulcer
What reflex occurs when running a finger down the spine the infant's back will extend
Perez reflex
What is swelling around the eye due to myxedema and nephrotic syndrome
Periorbital edema
What area do the small intestines refer to
Periumbilical
What is a persistent disorder by inflexibility to stress
Personality disorder
What test is positive for varicose veins
Perthe's test
What is the most dangerous to infants under one year and causes fatalities due to bronchopneumonia
Pertussis
What is the term for flat foot in which the talar head is displaced medially and plantarward
Pes Plans
What is a very high arch, toes in flexion
Pes cavus
What is a pinpoint hemorrhage
Petechia
What test for carpal tunnel is described: patient flexes the wrist maximally and holds for up to 60 seconds by pushing both wrists together
Phalen's sign
What is a genetic disorder that creates nonfunctional phenylalanine leading to mental retardation and seizures
Phenylketonuria
What is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces extreme HTN
Pheochromocytoma
What are calcifications within veins typically seen in the pelvis
Phleboliths
What is an irrational or unrealistic fear of a situation
Phobia
What is absorption of a low energy photon creating a latent image on the film
Photoelectric effect
What are the states of the conjunctiva of the eye
Pink: normal Pale: anemia Bright red: infection
What is a yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctive that is harmless and indicate aging
Pinquecula
What is enlargement of the uterus near the site of implantation
Piskacek's sign
What is a characteristic oval/round lesion called a herald patch
Pityriasis rosea
What is heel spur pain when walking in the morning that improves as the day progresses
Plantar fasciitis
What is the property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape
Plasticity
What is inflammation fo the pleura that presents with stabbing chest pain, worse upon inspiration, dry cough, decreased TF, and a friction rub is present
Pleurisy
What is a chronic respiratory disease caused by inhalation of mineral or metallic particles
Pneumoconiosis
What lung issue is caused by yeast/fungus and seen in AIDS patients
Pneumocystitis Carinii
What is the m/c condition associated with AIDS
Pneumocystitis carinii
What condition has dull resonance, increased fremitus, and increased egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy, and cracked.
Pneumonia
What does a dull percussion tone indicate
Pneumonia, atelectasis
What condition is hyper-resonant, has decreased fremitus, and decreased breath sounds
Pneumothorax
What is an inherited disorder with b/l renal cysts that increase renal size and decrease function
Polycystic kidney disease
What occur due to chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa
Polyps
What is calcification of the gallbladder that can become malignant due to chronic inflammation
Porcelain gallbladder
What headache is described: localized general pain, loss of memory, visual disturbances, follows trauma
Post concussive HA
Where is the m/c location for compression of the vertebral artery
Posterior arch of C1
What line is drawn at the spinolaminar junctions to check for listhesis
Posterior cervical line
What condition presents with slippage, or sensory ataxia due to loss of proprioception
Posterior column disease
In what condition do the PSIS ASIS move posterior to the pubic symphysis
Posterior pelivc tilt
What is a visible arcuate foramen that forms when the PAOM calcifies
Posterior pentacle
What test for PCL tear is described: patient supine, knees flexed to 90˚ hips flexed to 45˚ doc compares prominence of tibial tuberosities
Posterior sag sign
What condition presents with degeneration of the posterior columns and corticospinal tracts as a result of B12 deficiency. (+) schilling test and Glove/stocking paresthesia
Posterolateral sclerosis
What is a low lying placenta with partial obstruction of the internal os
Praevia
What presents with HTN, Edema, and proteinuria in pregnant patient
Pre-eclampsia
What is AVN of the scaphoid
Preiser's
In geriatrics, what is the inability to hear high frequency
Presbycussis
What is sensorineural hearing loss that occurs in people as they age or by genetics
Presbycussis
What is loss of lens elasticity due to aging
Presbyopia
In geriatrics, what is the loss of elasticity of the lens
Presybopia
What is a measure of the burden of a health condition in a population. It is the number of people in a population that have a disease at a certain time
Prevalence
What measurement runs from the anterior vertebral body to the posterior margin of air shadow in the neck.
Prevertebral soft tissue
What is the painful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to flaccidity
Priapism
An increased PR interval indicates what type of block
Primary heart block
What is the prevention of occurrence of incidence of illness or injury
Primary prevention
Which of the following methods should be utilized to prevent the onset of an illness
Primary prevention
What is the first pregnancy of a viable infant
Primpara
What type of aging comes on with rest
Printzmetal angina
What is an act of assigning a feeling or belief onto another person
Projection
What hormone is responsible for milk production
Prolactin
Facilitation is AKA
Proprioceptive insult
What is a prostate characterized by a hard posterior lobe, nodular, painless, and enlarged
Prostatic carcinoma
What is a boggy, soft, enlarged, and tender prostate associated with increased urgency of urination
Prostatis
What hip condition is axial migration of the femoral head with uniform loss of joint space, b/l with RA, and obliteration of kohler's teardrop
Protrusio acetabula
What is used to treat depression, OCD, and eating disorders or panic attacks
Prozac
Pitted nails are seen with ____________
Psoriasis
What are silver scales on the extensor surfaces
Psoriasis
What condition presents in males 20-50 with silver, scaly lesions on extensor surfaces, pitted nails, sausage digits, mouse ear deformity, pencil in a cup deformity and ray sign
Psoriatic arthritis
What is a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea and is brought on by dry eyes
Pterygium
What is a blockage of an artery in the lung that presents with difficulty breathing, chest pain, and dyspnea
Pulmonary embolism
What vital signs are expected in infants
Pulse: 60-100 BP: 70-95 systolic Resp: 25-50
What vital signs are expected in adults
Pulse: 60-100 BP: 90-140/60-90 Resp: 12-20
What vital signs are expected in children
Pulse: 80-100 BP: 80-110 systolic Resp: 15-30
What pulse has two strong systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip
Pulsus bisferiens
What type of pulse is bounding due to increased CO from exercise, anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism
Pulsus magnus
What pulse has decreased amplitude on inspiration and increased amplitude on expiration
Pulsus paradoxus
What is a weak or thready pulse due to decreased stroke volume, hypovolemia, aortic stenosis, CHF
Pulsus parvus
What is a bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear resulting in a red and bulging tympanic membrane
Purulent Otitis media
What is a small lesion under .5cm that is filled with pus associated with staph
Pustule
WBC casts in urine indicate
Pyelonephritis
What presents with projectile vomiting in the newborn and string sign
Pyloric stenosis
During an ECG, when does atrial repolarization occur
QRS complex
What ECG wave is depolarization of the ventricles
QRS complex
What is radiographic noise
Quantum mottle
What is the first perception by the mother of fetal life
Quickenign
According to healthy people 2020, which of the following is most important
Quit smoking
What autoimmune disease is sero + and presents symmetrically with B/L loss of joint space, rat bit lesions, panus formation, haygarth'sn odes and ulnar deviation
RA
What sign indicates cranial fx via black and blue spots around the eyes
Raccoon sign
Wrist drop is a lesion to what nerve
Radial
What is indicated by a fat pad on the elbow
Radial head fracture
What nerve is entrapped in a Erb's palsy or waiter's tip deformity
Radial nerve
What is used to identify irradiation of patient
Radiation absorbed dose
What is applied to occupationally exposed persons to x ray
Radiation equivalent man
What type of pain is due to irritation of a nerve root
Radicular pain
What are structures that appear white on film
Radio-opaque
What are structures that appear dark on film
Radiolucent
Other than smoking, what is the main cause of lung cancer
Radon exposure
What are small, clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lung that are heard with bronchitis
Rales
What is attributing one's own unacceptable desires and impulses to someone else
Rationalization
What condition is associated with buerger's, collagen disease, and scleroderma that is brought on by cold, stress or emotion and leads to white-->blue-->red fingers
Raynauds phenomenon
What changes from AC to DC
Rectifier
What is a herniation of the rectum into the vagina
Rectocele
Which of the following organization is a quasi-governmental agency
Red cross
Which of the following is not part of healthy people 2020
Reduce pregnancies
What is an involuntary motor response to potentially harmful stimuli
Reflex
What is an upward reflux of acid contents of the stomach into the esophagus
Reflux esophagitis
What is the most important function of the autonomic nervous system
Regulate blood flow
What sound is due to an insufficient valve in which blood seeps back into the chamber and is heard best with the diaphragm of the stethoscope
Regurgitation
What is an aspect of tertiary prevention
Rehab
What condition is sero - and presents with urethritis, conjunctivitis,s and arthritis caused by chlamydia. Radiographs may show calcaneal bone spur, fluffy periostitis, and non-marginal syndesmophytes
Reiter's/Reactive arthritis
What is the consistency of a measurement when repeated
Reliability
What is the treatment for hypothermia
Remove wet clothing, wrap in blankets, do not rub or massage extremities
Increased BUN indicates
Renal disease
What condition stars with a rash on the truck that extends to the extremities. The rash comes out once the fever breaks
Reseola
In the GAS, what stage includes rising of blood glucose levels, cortisol, and adrenaline but the organism seems normal from the outside
Resistance
What type of shock is due to failure of the lungs to transfer sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream
Respiratory
What spinal tract is for muscle tone and synergy to the extensors of the extremities
Reticulospinal
What tract is responsible for muscle tone and synergy to the voluntary extensor muscles of the back and arms
Reticulospinal
What is characterized by a painless, sudden onset of blindness with light flashes and floaters
Retinal detachment
What type of axoplasmic transport is backward moving, brings products and waste to the cell body, slower, less common
Retrograde
What type of virus causes AIDS
Retrovirus
What test for medial epicondylitis is described: patient makes a fist and flexes wrist with supination while doctor resists flexion
Reverse cozen
What is the m/c/c of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic fever
What are lung sounds that resemble snoring as if the air is blocked in bronchiectasis
Rhonci
What condition in peds is due to a deficiency of vitamin D with an absent zone of calcification
Rickets
What is an avulsion of the tibial tuberosityy
Rider's bone
What presents with increased hepatojugular reflux, ascites, caput medusa, pitting edema, S3 gallop
Right sided HF
What type of scoliosis is most common
Right thoracic convex idiopathic
What is a comminuted bennet's fracture
Rolando's
What reflex is elicited by stroking the corner of the mouth, the child will open its moth and turn to the side touched
Rooting reflex
In what type of scoliosis do the spinouses deviate to the side of concavity
Rotary scoliosis
Which of the following would not affect the quantity of x-rays produces
Rotating anode
What is 3 day measles with a macupapular rash and mild fever
Rubella
What disease has a prodromal stage of coryza, joplin spots on the buccal mucosa and lasts two weeks
Rubeola
What spinal tract is for muscle tone and synergy to the flexors of the extremities
Rubrospinal
What tract is responsible for muscle tone and synergy to proximal flexors of the upper extremities
Rubrospinal
What are the receptors for joint position sense
Ruffini
What headache is described: abrupt onset, constant, stiff neck, excruciating pain like never before
SAH
CPK MM is seen in
SKM
What condition presents mainly in females with a malar/butterfly rash, discoid lesion, raynaud's phenomenon and ulnar deviation with no joint destruction
SLE
What do LE cells indicate
SLE
What special test is used to evaluate type 2 spondy
SPECT
What is a tangential line drawn parallel herout the posterior margin of S1 through a vertical lign is drawn that intersects it
Sacral inclination
What plane are the lumbar facets in
Sagittal
What type of drugs can cause bleeding, inhibit prostaglandins, and is associated with deafness and Reye's syndrome
Salicylates
What is a fracture through an open growth plate
Salter harris 1
What is the most common salter harris that occurs through the growth plate and metaphysis
Salter harris 2
What salter harris affects the growth plate and epiphysis
Salter harris 3
What salter harris affects the growth plate, metaphysis, and epiphysis
Salter harris 4
What salter harris is a compression deformity of the growth plate and is the most severe
Salter harris 5
Who named chiropractic
Samuel Weed
What is a disease with abnormal inflammatory granulomas that form nodule in the lung or lymph nodes
Sarcoidosis
What is a transmissible infection caused by mites and has grouped vesicles and superficial linea furrows in the groin
Scabies
What dislocation is associated with a terry thomas or signet ring sign
Scaphoid
What is the m/c fractured carpal bone
Scaphoid
What disease is caused by group A strep progenies that has a strawberry tongue and ASO titre
Scarlet fever
What type of psych disorder is introverted and withdrawn that avoids social interaction and experience delusions and hallucinations
Schizoid
What condition has loss of anterior vertebral body height in t3 consecutive vertebrae that can lead to permanent deformity and DJD
Schuermann's
What condition is most commonly seen in patients 10-16 with an increased kyphosis and rolled shoulder
Schuermann's
What is AVN of the vertebral end plate
Schuermann's
What structures produce myelin in the PNS
Schwann cells
What type of pain arises from embryologic structures
Scleratogenous pain
What condition present with CREST syndrome of calcinosis, raynauds, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasis
Scleroderma
What is a scaly, "dandruff of the eyebrow"
Seborrhea
What causes dandruff
Seborrheic dermatitis
Two P waves before the QRS is what type of block
Secondary heart block
What is the prevention of disease or injury progression via early detection and diagnosis
Secondary prevention
What is a lower threshold for firing in a spinal cord segment as a result of afferent bombardment from spinal lesions
Segmental facilitation
What is the management of AVN
Self-resolving
Who created the GAS
Selye
What is the m/c testicular cancer - does not transilluminate
Seminoma
What is the proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in patients without a specific diagnosis
Sensitivity
What type of shock occurs when infection has spread to the point that bacteria are releasing toxins into the bloodstream
Septic
What condition presents with a fever, chills, warm, tender, and swollen joints with an increased WBC count
Septic arthritis
What is a viral effusion of the middle ear that is characterized by amber and bubbly fluid
Serous otitis media
What is AVN of the calcaneus
Sever's
What curvilinear line is drawn from the inferior femoral neck to the superior aspect of the obturator form. an interrupted line indicates slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Shenton's line
What test for nerve root adhesion is patient seated, doc depresses shoulder while laterally flexing C spine away from the shoulder
Shoulder depression test
What condition presents with a hair on end appearance in the skull with H shaped vertebrae
Sickle cell anemia
What condition presents with nucleated RBC's and a hair-on-end appearance on radiographs
Sickle cell anemia
What is caused by iron dust
Siderosis
What is caused by glass, sand, or stone dust seen in pottery
Silicosis
Which of the following is a cause of lung disease for people in the granite industry
Silicosis
The developer brings out the exposed _______________ crystals
Silver halide
In what type of scoliosis do the spinouses deviate to the side of convexity
Simple scoliosis
What headache is described: localized, changes with body position, steady throb, worse in morning
Sinus HA
What is the recurrent branch of the spinal nerve that innervates fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints
Sinuverterbal nerve
RA associated with dry eyes is what condition
Sjogren's
Depletion of the ozone layer causes what health condition
Skin cancer
What line is drawn through femoral shaft with a parallel line at the tip fo the greater trochanter to assess for fracture or coxa vara
Skinner's line
What is a false verbal statement about another
Slander
What causes reflux esophagitis
Sliding hiatal hernia
What condition is a salter harris type 1 fracture in which the femoral head slide inferior and medial and the femoral neck slides superior and lateral
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What test for ACL and MCL is described: Pt supine, knee flexed to 90˚ foot is in IR or ER, doc stabilized foot and grasps the leg with the thumbs palpation the knee joint, doc pulls the tibia while applying PA stress in the knee
Slocum's test
What type fo screens havel lower contrast
Slow
In what stage of water purification process is the most anaerobic bacterium
Sludge digestion
Which of the following will give the best detail
Small filament
What filament size has better detail
Smaller filament
What is a fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement
Smith's fracture
What is the 2nd preventable factor that leads to disease
Smoking
Which of the following is the most preventable factor in the US that leads to disease
Smoking
Which of the following is not a goal of healthy people 2020
Social interaction
What is the cell body of a neuron
Soma
What is a chronic, cyclic, somatic complaint that is not due to a physical illness
Somatization disorder
The patella reflex would be what type of neurological reflex
Somatosomatic
Adjusting may be helpful for relieving pain associated with dysmenorrhea would be what type of neurological reflex
Somatovisceral
What test for meningitis, sprain/strain is described: patient supine, doc places one hand on sternum and flexes C spine with the other
Soto hall
What is the proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in a patient with a specific diagnosis
Specificity
What is a fluid filled mass in the epididymis that is a painless, moveable lump on the superior posterior testicle that transilluminates
Spermatocele
What condition is failure of the lamina to fuse that is associated with a folic acid deficiency
Spina bifida
What structural landmark is found at T3
Spine of the scapula
What is slippage of the vertebral body with or without fracture
Spondylolisthesis
What is a fracture through the pars interarticularis without slippage
Spondylolysis
What is a few cases of a disease in an area
Sporadic
Which of the following is the least likely way that the elderly are injured
Sports
Which of theses is the most common type of workplace injury
Sprain/strain
What is the most definitive test for TB
Sputum culture
What is a malignant tumor of epithelial cells linked to sun exposure
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is deviation of one or both eyes
Stabismus
What makes up 60% of the gait cycle
Stance phase
which government agency is responsible fo services to low income people
State
What is a length of time you have to sue for an injury
Statute of limitations
What low pitch sound is heard with the bell of the stethoscope due to a valve not opening correctly
Stenosis
Who wrote the chiropractic textbook that identified 33 principles and the safety pin
Stephensen
Meric chart - T5-T9
Stomach
What term is used to describe eyes that don't line up
Strabismus
What tests are done for atherosclerosis/angina
Stress
What type of fracture is due to abnormal stress on normal bone
Stress
What type of incontinence occurs with increased abdominal pressure from exercise, cough, sneeze
Stress incontinence
What lines are drawn from the posterior body of C2 and C7 during flexion? They shoulder intersect in flexion at C5/C6 and in extension at C4/C5
Stress lines of C spine
Muscle spindle cells respond to what
Stretch
What is a wheeze like sound heard on inspiration due to obstruction
Stridor
What are pesticides the cause muscular convulsions
Strychnine
A splinter hemorrhage is seen with
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
A difference fo 10-15 mmHg in systolic readings can suggest arterial occlusion. This is ______________________ and found on the side of decreased value
Subclavian steal syndrome
What is proximal stenosis of the subclavian artery that is seen in young females with drop attacks while exercising
Subclavian steal syndrome
What results from a series head injury with slow onset of hemorrhage symptoms
Subdural hematoma
What is channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activity
Sublimation
What is the primary neurotransmitter for a Type C fiber
Substance P
What reflex is elicited by placing a finger or nipple in the mouth of the newborn
Sucking reflex
Which of the following is present in acid rain
Sulfuric acid
What is the m/c injured rotator cuff muscle
Supraspinatus
What deformity is seen with hyperflexion of the DIP and hyper extension of the PIP
Swan neck
What makes up 40% of the gait cycle
Swing phase
What is a pathological cyst of central canal of the spinal cord that has loss of pain and temp in a shawl like distribution
Syringomyelia
What is contraction of the ventricles
Systole
The auscultatory gap is found by assessing
Systolic by palpation
What ECG wave is depolarization fo the ventricles
T wave
Where are sympathetic fibers found
T1-L2
What presents with a low grade fever, night sweated, yellow/green productive cough, Ghon lesions on imaging
TB
What is lateral knee pain caused by a short TFL
TFL syndrome
What is a condition of tertiary syphilis with a wasting away of the posterior columns that can be detected with argyll robertson pupil that accommodates but does not respond to direct light, coordination and balance issues
Tabes dorsalis
What is the most common birth defect of the foot in which the heel is elevated and the foot is turned inward AKA clubfoot
Talipes Equinovarus
What is pain and burning on the sole of the foot
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
What is an avulsion of the anterior vertebral body from a hyperextension trauma, M/C at C2
Teardrop fracture
What is a continuation of the PLL from C2 to the occiput
Tectorial membrane
What tract is responsible for neck extensor muscles and eye muscle
Tectospinal
What is a small, superficial dilation of blood vessels that can develop anywhere but is common on the face
Telangiectasia
Which of the following would not affect the developing process
Temperature of rinse water
What headache is described: age over 50. U/L temporal. Persistent burning, aching, throbbing, stiffness in shoulders and neck. sensitive scalp and temporal arteries
Temporal arteritis
Gold tendon organs respond to what
Tension
What is the prevention of permanent disability or death due to illness or injury
Tertiary prevention
What is the m/c form of cancer in 20-34 year old males
Testicular cancer
What is Dextraposition fo the aorta, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Interventricular septal defect, Pulmonic stenosis (DRIP) that creates a loud ejection murmur and severe cyanosis
Tetrology of Fallot
What is a hereditary disorder of hemoglobin synthesis that shows an erlenmeyer flask deformity and a hair on end appearance in the skull
Thassalemia
What presents with microcytic target cells and is common in mediterranean people
Thassalemia
What occurs when a current is applied to the filament that boils off elections
Thermionic emission
CBT is based on the belief that _____________ affect physiology
Thoughts
What is a vibration produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart AKA murmur
Thrill
What is a fungal infection of the Beard
Tinea barbae
What is a fungal infection of the scalp
Tinea capitis
What is a fungal infection of the body
Tinea corpus
What is a fungal infection of the jock
Tinea cruris
What is a fungal infection of the foot
Tinea pedis
What is a fungal infection of the nails
Tinea ungunum
What test for carpal tunnel/ulnar entrapment involves percussion over the flexor retinaculum of the wrist and tunnel of guyot
Tinel sign
Where is a pap smear taken
Tip of cervix
What reflex is elicited by rotating the head of a supine baby and the ipsilateral arm and leg extending while the contralateral limbs flex
Tonic neck reflex
What test is used for glaucoma
Tonometer
What tol checks for glaucoma
Tonometer
Meric chart - C2/C3
Tonsils
What is the body of law which allows an injured person to obtain compensation from the person who caused the injury
Tort
What is a spasm of the SCM that rotates the head away from the affected side
Torticollis
If there is a lesion affected CN 12, the tongue will point __________________ the lesion
Towards
In a medial disc protrusion, patient leans ____________ side of pain
Towards
Which fo he following is NOT part of the water purification process
Toxic material pre-screening
What is the most common fatality in agricultural workers
Tractor roll over
What is redirecting ones feeling from one person to another
Transference
What condition is sacralization of the L5 TP's that may fuse or form joints with the sacrum
Transitional vertebrae
Which of these is the leading source of air pollution
Transportation industry
What plane are the cervical facets in
Transverse
20% of down syndrome patients are born without a ____________________ increased risk of ADI
Transverse ligament
What is the m/c/c of AVN
Trauma
What organism is a parasite that causes greenish, yellow, frothy, foul smelling discharge
Trichimoniasis
Pulmonic regurgitation occurs during diastole due to (ARMS and PRTS)
Tricuspid stenosis
What is the locking of a finger in the flexed position when the tendons become swollen and inflamed
Trigger finger
What reflex is illicited by tapping the middle 3 fingers
Tromner
What are the neural factors that transport chemical for growth and proper tissue function
Trophic factors
An increase in kVp by 15% doubles density and a decrease of kVp by 15% cuts density in half T/F
True
CPR on adult is two hands on the center of the chest, compression of 2 inches 30 compression: 2 ventilations T/F
True
CPrp on an infant is 2 or 3 fingers on center of chest, compression of 1 1/2 inches 30 compression: 2 respiration T/F
True
Film/cassette should be stored vertically T/F
True
Green/blue tint is added to film to reduce glare T/F
True
In the apley's distraction test, the heel points in the direction of the side being tested T/F
True
In the cervical and lumbar spine the disc above affects the nerve root below T/F
True
Patients that get absorbed oxygen need to rinse with water for 20 mins T/F
True
Spinal biomechanical dysfunction in the form of VSC affects the N/S ability to regulate function T/F
True
The body is a self-regulating and self-healing organism T/F
True
The central focus of the chiro is to optimize patient health by correcting VSC T/F
True
The greater the force ( kVp), the greater the number of high energy photons T/F
True
The nervous system is the master system that regulates and controls all organ and tissues T/F
True
What headache is described: changes with body position, onset early morning and evening with throbbing and gets progressively worse
Tumor
What are the filaments that serve as the source of electrons made of
Tungsten
What test for sciatica is described patient supine, doc dorsiflexes big to
Turyn's sign
Asthma is what type of hypersensitivity
Type 1
What type of spondy is congenital
Type 1 Dysplastic
What type of articular receptors are in tho outer layers of the joint capsule and are stimulate by active and passive joint motion
Type 1 receptors
What type of articular receptors modulate pasture, perceive movements, inhibit flow of pain, and have tonic effects on the LMN of the face
Type 1 receptors
What pap smear classification indicates infection or inflammation
Type 2
What type of spondy is a fracture through the pars typically at L5
Type 2 Isthmic
What type of articular receptor are found within the deep layers of the joint capsule that adapt rapidly with minor tension in the inner joint
Type 2 mechanoreceptors
What pap smear classification involves dysplasia and is pre-cancerous
Type 3
What type of spondy is due to DJD typically at L4
Type 3 Degenerative
What type of articular receptors are found in the ligaments that seem to be the joint version of Golgi bodies
Type 3 mechanoreceptors
What type of articular receptors monitor direction of movement, create a braking effect against movement and recognize harmful movement
Type 3 mechanoreceptors
What pap smear classification indicates non-invasive carcinoma
Type 4
What type of spondy is a fracture through the pedicle
Type 4 Traumatic
What articular receptors are composed of free nerve endings and unmyelinated fibers that are associated with pain perception
Type 4 receptors
What articular receptors evoke pain, have central reflex connection for pain inhibition and autonomic effects
Type 4 receptors
What pap smear classification indicates malignancy
Type 5
What type of spondy is pathological
Type 5 Pathological
What ECG wave is repolarization of the papillary muscles
U wave
Above 2+ on DTR may indicate _________________
UMN lesion
Wha lesion is hyperactive, hypertonic, and has absent reflexes
UMN lesion
What condition occurs of the left side of the intestines and presents with bloody diarrhea
Ulcerative colitis
What measurement for an L5 spondy involves a line drawn through the sacral base and a perpendicular line from the anterior sacral promontory that L5 should not pass through
Ulmann's line
What peripheral nerve entrapment causes claw hand
Ulnar nerve
What is the picture made by useful beam called
Umbra
What test for VBI is described: Patient stands with eyes open, arms at side, feet together. Patient closes eye, extends arms, supinates hands and rotates head to one side. Patient is then told to march in place
Underberg
What benign bone tumor presents in a diaphyseal/metaphyseal location in people under 20 that have a lytic, fallen fragment sign
Unicameral bone cyst
Where is the most common location of breast cancer
Upper outer quadrant
What is the afferent and efferent limb of the upper and lower abdominal quadrants as well as beevor sign
Upper: T7-T7 Lower: T10-T12
What refers pain to the groin
Ureter
What is the most common benign tumor of females
Uterine fibroid
What presents with heavy menstrual bleedings, pelvic pain, painful intercourse and painless uterine nodule that are irregular and firm
Uterine fibroids
What is the coupled motion from T6 up
VB rotates into concavity, spinous rotates away
What is the coupled motion of T7-L5
VB rotates into convexity, spinous rotates toward concavity
What is the degree to which an observation or measurement provides and indication fo the true state of phenomenon being tested
Validity
What test for SOL is described: doc asks patient to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down
Valsalva
What is a tortuous dilation fo the spermatic veins describes as a bag of worms
Varicocele
What type of claudication is reproducible, relieved with rest, caused by arteriosclerosis
Vascular
What states that cervical subluxations may cause or compress vertebral arteries
Vascular insufficiency model
What is the m/c injured muscle of the knee
Vastus medialis
Warm, normal pulse, absent numbness or swelling is arterial or venous
Venous
What spinothalamic tract is for crude light touch and pressure
Ventral
What is a white, cheesy substance on the baby's skin at birth
Vernix caseosa
What is an abnormal sensation of rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait, and navigation of the environment
Vertigo
What is a small lesion under .5cm that is filled with serous fluid and is seen in herpes and chicken pox
Vesicle
What spinal tract is for balancing reflexes and postural muscles
Vestibulospinal
What tract is responsible for extensor muscles of the back and legs that balance reflexes and posture
Vestibulospinal
Increased levels of protein in the CSF is indicate of what
Viral meningitis
What is the term for nasal mucosa that appear red and swollen with a clear runny nose
Viral rhinitis
What is a swollen left supraclavicular lymph node
Virchow's node
Difficulty localizing pain is indicative of ________________
Visceral pain
Respiratory or digestive issues may cause spinal pain would be what type of reflex
Viscerosomatic
Kidney insufficiency leading to HTN would be what type of neurological reflex
Viscersovisceral
What is the principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life
Vitalism
What prevents hemorrhage in newborns
Vitamin K
What is an auto-immune condition characterized by depigmentation that occurs after birth
Vitiligo
What is an increased eiphyseal pressure that leads to decreased growth
Volkman's law
What is an anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist
Warfarin/coumadin
What is a jerky pulse that is rapidly increasing the collapses due to aortic insufficiency
Water hammer pulse
Which of the following professions is least likely to be exposed to lead poisoning during their lifetime
Water treatment workers
What is a conduction loss on a weber and rinne test
Weber - Lateralizes to involved ear Rinne - AC<BC
What is a normal weber and rinne test
Weber - equal sound B/L Rinne - AC/BC
What is a sensorineural loss on a weber and rinne test
Weber - lateralizes to uninvolved ear Rinne - AC>BC
What is a common method of IQ testing
Wechsler scale
If a patient not only wants to maintain their health but improve their health, they are a candidate for what
Wellness care
What is a thiamine deficiency from alcoholism that leads to dementia
Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome
What is absence of DTR, especially patellar reflex
Westphal's sign
What are high-pitched sounds fro narrow airways heard in asthma and emphysema
Wheezes
When do kids walk unassisted 12-18 months
When do kids talk 10-18 months
What test for osteochondritis dessicans is described: seated patient actively extends flexed knee with tibia internally rotated. When 30 degrees is reached, the pain increased and is relieved by ExR the tibia
Wilson's test
Screen-film contact is measured via the _________________
Wire mesh test
What law is bone being shaped by the forces placed on it
Wolff's law
What test for TOS is described - Dr palpates radial pulse, abudcts patients arm to 180 degrees, if patient loses pulse with over 10˚ difference its positive
Wright's hyperabduction
What are fatty plaques on the nasal surface of the eyelids that indicate hypercholesterolemia
Xanthelasma
What test for Bicipital tendon issues is described: Patient flexes elbow to 90 while seated. Doc palpates bicipital tendon and resists patient attempt to supinate and flex the elbow
Yergason's test
Which of the following trace minerals is most likely to be decreased in the elderly
Zing
What condition affects the veins more than arteries and presents with micro aneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization in the eyes
diabetic retinopathy
What controls contrast
kVp
What is the force applied to accelerate electrons from the cathode to the anode at the time of exposure
kVp
Which of the following is inversely related to contrast of the x-ray
kVp
Which of the following is a cause of lung disease in a person working in the sandblasting industry
silicosis
When fast moving electrons collide with matter ________________ are produced
x-rays
