UNC: SOCI 122: Chapter 3: Science and Sociology of Race

white racial frame

A worldview that includes racial beliefs, racially loaded terms, racialized images, verbal connotations, racialized emotions, and interpretations as well as discriminatory actions that help justify ongoing racism.

model minority

a minority group that has succeeded in American society, specifically evidenced by their success in educational institutions

phrenology

a now defunct branch of science that compared the skull sizes of various racial groups and used those data to try to determine group intelligence, social and cultural characteristics, and the presumed innate group differences between the races

racial orthodoxy

a set of beliefs, narratives, and practices within an organization, supported by discourse, that make up commonly recognized understandings of race that included "diversity"

ethnic revival

a situation in which racial and ethnic groups clamor for political autonomy and sometimes demand independence

racialized social systems

a way to move sociology away from a focus on prejudice, social psychology, and the notion that racism amounted to a set of ideas

colonized minorities

also known as involuntary minorities, subordinate groups that are forced to participate in another society

immigrant minorities

also known as voluntary minorities, subordinate groups that willingly choose to immigrate to a country

Counterstories

are told by people of color to reflect their view of the world from their particular social location

Internal colonialism theory

argues that colonialism, which is the process through which one country dominates another by stripping it of its human and economic resources, can actually take place within one country

critical race theory

argues that ideologies of assimilation and color-blindness actually help perpetuate white dominance rather than eliminate it

Manifest Destiny

convinced many white Americans that it was their divine right to claim and occupy all the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans

systemic racism

deeply rooted, institutionalized racial oppression of people of color by whites

status inequalities

differences in prestige in honor-which are not necessarily related to one's economic status

conflict perspective

emerges out of Marxist thought and emphasizes conflict between dominant and subordinate groups over scarce and valued resources in a society

functionalist perspective

emphasizes social order over conflict; the value of consensus, harmony, and stability for a society; and the interdependence of social systems

split labor market theory

emphasizes the ways both race and class contribute to inequality

intersectionality

focuses on the interactions between different systems of oppression

symbolic ethnicity

individualistic expressions of ethnicity that celebrate American's ethnic heritage through leisure-time activities ex) St. Patricks Day for Irish Americans

Anglo-conformity

instead of becoming a melting pot, in which all groups come together and forge a new identity, all groups are expected by American society to drop their cultural identities in favor of an Anglo American culture

antimiscegenation laws

laws prohibiting interracial marriage, emerged in many states because of fears that intermarriage would lead to the deterioration of the white race

symbolic interactionism

places emphasis on small-scale human interactions, social structures are reproduced and maintained through interactions

genome geography

portions of a genetic sequence are associated

Diversity ideology

refers to the institutional co-option of notions of diversity that originally emerged out of the civil rights movement

ethnic satisfaction

subordinate status of immigrants

canon

the body of knowledge considered fundamental to an academic discipline

human genome

the genetic sequence of the human species

melting pot

the idea that diverse streams of immigrants come to America and eventually merge into another distinct group, that of the "American"

cultural pluralism

the idea that numerous ethnicities are capable of coexisting without threatening the dominant culture

eugenics

the idea that the healthiest and ablest should be encouraged to have more children for the betterment of society

racial formations

the ways racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed over time

scientific racism

using science to prove the innate racial inferiority of some groups and the superiority of others

Marxist theories

view the world as stratified along class lines, when looking at racial inequality, it is seen as an extension of capitalist exploitation

ethnicity paradigm

viewed race as part of ethnicity but as a less important factor in people's lives than ethnicity-and equated ethnicity with culture