Understanding the self: Lesson 1
Immanuel Kant
- he stated, that instead the mind confirming to the world, it is external world that conforms to the mind -"the kingdom of God is with in man"
patrisha and paul churchland
- neurophilosophy - "there isn't a special thing called the mind, the mind is just the BRAIN"
posteriori
- object that were experienced 1. sensation - object experience throuh senses 2. reflection - mind looks at the object
plato
- real name is "Aristocles" -hewas named Plato because of physical built which means "wide/broad" - believed IGNORANCE = EVIL
The Realm of shadow
- sensible things - imperfect and flawed
Theory of Forms
- the philosophical study and nature of things - he explained that FORMS reffer to what are real
Plato's view of human nature
-"knowlege lies with in the person's soul"
David Hume
-"self" - more on science/scientific method - for him, there is no permanent/unchanging self
Socrates
-"the unexamined life is not worth living" -"the true self is not the body but the soul"
Sigmund Frued
-psychodynamic theory -presented topography of mind
2 works of Pleasure principle
1. Eros - life - ebergy of eros is called "libido" 2. thanatos - death/form of aggressive violence
St. Augustine view of human nature
1. God as the source of all reality and truth 2. the sinfulness of man
3 levels of mind
1. Id - pleasure principle 2. ego - reality principle 3. superego - learning the difference between right and wrong
2 types of perceptions
1. Impression - 2. ideas - recollection of impressions
3 parts of bahaving
1. Law of Opinion - called virtues 2. Civil Law - enforced by people in authority 3. Devine Law - God on the actions of man
two realms/ Plato's dualism/dialectic method
1. The Realm of shadow 2. Tge realm of forms
Concept of the mind
1. category mistake - 2. philoskphical problems -
system of mind
1. intuition - ability to think immediately 2. deduction - step by step process
St. Augustine explains that;
1. love of physical object lead to the sin of gree. 2. Love for otherr people is not lasting and axcessive love for them is the sin of jelously 3. Love for the self leads to the sin of pride 4. Love for Gid is the supreme virtue and only through loving God man find real happiness
3 component of soul
1. the reason - rational 2. the spirited - not rational 3. the appetites - irrational
merleau-ponty's view of human nature and the self
"the world and the human body are all connected"
Rene Descates
- Father of Modern Philosophy - uses math for his philosophy, introduced Cartesian Method -"I think therefore I am" -"when you doubt you think - cogito ergo sum -nature
Characteristics of Plato's forms
- ageless and therefore eternal - unchanging and therefore permanent - unmoving and indivisible
John Locke
- based in experience - nurture -posteriori
Gilbert Ryle
- concepts of minds - stigmatized the mind as the "Ghost in the Machine" - distinguished "knowing that and knowing how"
The Realm of forms
- eternal things - source of all reality and true knowledge
love
- for plato, it is the way of knowing and realizing the truth - process of seeking higher stages of being " to be loved id tge be the best"
tabula rasa
balnk state
idea of permanence
change in the world and wantedd to explain those by understanding the laws of nature
topography of mind
conscious - deals with his /her external worlds subconscious - serve as repository of oast experience or from the learnings you learned in the past
Psychodynamic Theory
happens in mind
Ghost in the machine
logically and gramatically appropriate only for a category of material things
Philosophy
love of wisdom
socratic method ( Socrates )
make the people think, seek and ask again and again
delphi oracle
named socrates as the wisest of all man
Theory of being
the more the person knows , the more he is and the better he is
priori
the truth can be discovered
transcendental perception
used because people do not experience the self directly but as a unity of all impressions that aside that are organized by the mind through perception
allegory of the cave
what people in the cave see are only shadows of reality which they believe are things and represents the knowledge
big three
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
role of love
St. Augustine stated that real happiness can onky found in God.
