Unit 1 AP Psych Test

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are

negatively correlated

When provided with the unscrambled solution to anagrams, people underestimate the difficulty of solving the anagrams by themselves. This best illustrates

overconfidence

In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a(n)

placebo

The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n)

population

To accurately infer cause and effect, experimenters should use

random assignment

Replication

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of

the double-blind procedure

Hindsight bias

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

What do scientists call an explanation that organizes observations and predicts future behaviors or events?

theory

Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of

wording effects

The sequential occurrence of two highly unusual events is most likely to contribute to

an illusory correlation

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates

an operational definition

Knowing the difference between an experimental condition and a control condition is most relevant to understanding the nature of

independent variables

Which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation?

informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing

The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called

introspection

Why are researchers careful to use large, representative samples in their studies?

larger, representative sample sizes help ensure reliable and valid results

The most commonly reported measure of central tendency is the

mean

Hypothesis

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

Sigmund Freud

independent variable

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

dependent variable

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Which research method is typically used to examine one participant in depth, usually because the individual's situation/behavior is rare or unusual?

case study

Which qualities do scientists possess?

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events

To exercise maximum control over the factors they are interested in studying, researchers engage in

experimentation