Unit 1 Chapter 2

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

+0.78 -0.53! -0.21 +0.13

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

A control group Validity Attrition INTER-RATER RELIABILITY

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

CASE STUDIES surveys cross-sectional correlational

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

DOUBLE-BLIND randomly assigned pilot single-blind

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

EXPERIMENTAL correlational studies archival research quasi-experimental

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

INDEPENDENT; DEPENDENT control; experimental experimental; control dependent; independent

The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________.

Inez Prosser Mamie Clark Mary Whiton Calkins MARGARET FLOW WASHBURN

________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants.

Institutional Research Board Institutional Research Bureau INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD Institutional Review Bureau

What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks a group of participants over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months?

LONGITUDIANL correlational sequential cross-sectional

The fact that some well-known studies have been repeated without finding results consistent with those in the initial report describes a(n) ________ that is currently affecting research in psychology and other fields.

REPLICATION CRISIS validity conundrum repeatability emergency reliability enigma

________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.

RODENTS cats and dogs primates birds

Studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.

are used to form strong opinions that are logical and intuitive CAN SOMETIMES BE TESTED WITH ANIMAL STUDIES can only be examined using a descriptive or correlational approach are not possible to test with any form of empirical methods

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

case studies archival research SURVEYS university experiments

An intensive study is conducted on a 13-year-old boy with a rare genetic condition. What type of study is this?

case study

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confounding variable correlational research CONFIRMATION BIAS observer bias

What is the only type of research method that allows us to determine whether a cause-and-effect relationship exists between variables?

experiment

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

experimental LONGITUDINAL cross sectional survey

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ________.

internal attribution ILLUSORY CORRELATION theory factual assertion

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?

letting participants know that participation is voluntary EXPLAINING THE HYPOTHESIS TO THE PARTICIPANTS obtaining the participants signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the participant is a minor reviewing that data is confidential

Rochelle goes to a park to investigate gender differences in play among children. Rochelle is conducting:

naturalistic observation

Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student points out, ''Dr. G., the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data we gather!'' This research study suffers from an absence of ________.

operational definition FALSIFIABILITY circularity alternate explanations

Which word is the most appropriate synonym for the term validity?

repetition consistency ACCURACY applicability

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

scatterplot validity assessment correlation coefficient STATYSTICAL ANALYSIS

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

single blinding ATTRITION experimenter bias generalizability

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

theory experimental plan hypothesis OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Recruitment could be a challenge because people of different ages are difficult to sample. SOCIAL OR CULTURAL FACTORS MAY INFLUENCE THE RESULTS, NOT THE AGE Marijuana has already been decriminalized in some places. Longitudinal research is time consuming.

Rudy needs to collect data from a large number of people regarding their political beliefs. What type of research method should Rudy use?

Survey

________ is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Suzanne Fanger Sigmund Freud JANE GOODALL Tatiana Hogan

Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD deductive reasoning inductive reasoning the experiment

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

THEORY operational definition conclusion hypothesis

This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892.

The American Psychological Society The National Institute of Mental Health The Centers for Disease Control THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

They could conduct a study with students on their campus to see which perspective has the most support. They could research archives of newspapers, magazines, and other media to see if there are reports on the topic. They could ask their friends and see which perspective has the most support. THEY COULD RESEARCH PEER-REVIEWED ARTICALS TO SEE IF EITHER PERSPECTIVE IS SUPPORTED

Chidi reads an article that states that students who attend class regularly have a higher GPA than students who have frequent absences. This type of study is considered:

a correlation

A negative correlation means ________.

a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome ONE VARIABLE DECREASES AS THE OTHER INCREASES there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

blind group assignment; random sampling RANDOM SAMPLING; RANDOM GROUP ASSIGNMENT blind group assignment; blind sampling blind sampling; random group assignment

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

debrief participants; ageist attitudes pay participants; deception pay participants; use of personal photos DEBRIEF PARTICIPANTS; DECEPTION

Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

food choice; no play no play; type of play active play; passive play TYPE OF PLAY; NO PLAY

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

iatrogenic CIRCULAR correlational iterative

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

smoking causes lung cancer smoking contributes to lung cancer there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer THERE IS A PREDISPOSITION TOWARD BOTH SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

standardization validity REPLICATION inter-rater reliability

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

survey naturalistic observation CASE STUDY experiment