Unit 1 Exam

Females have more ___, which is needed for reproduction and is a consequence of different levels of hormones

Fat mass

High ___ foods and high ___ foods decrease your appetite by slowing the digestive process and prolonging the feeling of being full or satiety

Fiber; protein

High ________ foods and high _______ foods decrease your appetite by slowing the digestive process and prolonging the feeling of being full or satiety.

Fiber; protein

Since 1980, the dietary guidelines have been reevaluated and updated every ____ years by the advisory committees of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Five

Health claims such as "reduces heart disease" must be evaluated by the __________ before it may appear on packaging.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Lower economic prosperity influences diet specifically by lowering all of the following except:

Food costs

More Americans are using _______ and are showing an increased awareness of the connection between diet and health.

Food labels

Minerals play a role in all of the following except ________?

Fuel the brain

Nutrigenomics is the nutritional science study of ________.

Genes

All of the following are carbohydrates

Glycogen, glucose, and fiber.

If a food label claims the product is a __________, it must contain from 10 to 19% if the nutrients daily values.

Good Source

Based on a growing understanding of diet as a public and personal issue, more and more people are starting to make food choices based on their environmental impact. This food choice factor is ________.

Green food/Sustainability choices

The unit of measurement of food energy is called a

calorie

The main function of the ______ is to transport nutrients to cells and wastes from cells.

cardiovascular system

New cells are made from preexisting _______, which divide into two.

cells

The byproducts of ________ are carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water, which plants use in their biological processes.

cellular respiration

Is a semiliquid mass of particularly digested food also contains gastric juices secreted by cells in the stomach

chyme

The urinary system is responsible for all the following except

cleansing the lymphatic system

Water soluble molecules move independently in blood. Which group contains all water soluble molecules?

minerals, sugars, and some vitamins

__________ is a type of human tissue that contracts for movement and support.

muscle

The four macromolecules that make up all of the structural and functional units of cells are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and ____________.

nucleic acids

High quality foods are ______, meaning the contain lots of nutrients relative to the amount of calories they provide.

nutrient dense

One measurement of food quality is the amount of ________ it contains relative to the amount of _________ it provides.

nutrients; energy

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines _________ as "an environment that promotes increased food intakes, non-healthful foods, and physical inactivity."

obesogenic

Simple carbohydrates consist of _________ basic units; while complex carbohydrates are ______ chains of simple sugars.

one or two; long

A cell can be thought of as a mini-organism consisting of tiny organs called _______.

organelles

All of the following are part of the small intestine except:

pharynx

In food and in components of the human body _____ energy resides in the chemical bonds of specific molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol.

potential

The major function of the Endocrine system is to __________.

produce and release hormones

A scientific study where participants are assigned by chance to separate groups to compare different treatments is called

randomized clinical trials

Osteo means

relating to bones

One theory is that every person has a _______________ of energy balance meaning the brain sense body fatness and triggers changes in energy intake or expenditure to maintain body fatness within a target range.

set point

The four basic types of human tissues include all the following except

spongy

The skeleton provides ________ support and ______ for all the other organ systems in the body.

structural; protection

All macro nutrients contain calories except for

water

Stomach

The mechanical breakdown of food is accentuated by the muscular contractions of the _____.

The highest level of continuous intake of a particular nutrient that may be taken without causing health problems is called ____________.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

Minerals are classified as _______________.

Trace or Macro

____ Minerals only require a few milligrams or less; whereas, ____ minerals are required in hundreds of milligrams

Trace; Macro

All of the following are included on the Nutrition Facts Label except:

Water

___ soluble nutrients absorbed into the blood travel directly to the ___ via a major blood vessel called the portal vein

Water; liver

The major physical factors contributing to body weight are:

all of the above

The slippery mass of partially broken-down food is called a ___________.

bolus

staying away from excessive alcohol intake lowers all the following except

heart rate

A(n) ____________ diet is one that favors nutrient dense foods.

Adequate

__________ tissue produces the hormone leptin, which communicates to the satiety center in the hypothalamus that the body is in positive energy balance.

Adipose

Instituting nation-wide standard policies provides consistency across organizations and allows all of the following groups except _________ to improve nutrition and subsequently the health of their respective populations.

All of the above

When reading nutrition related claims, articles, websites or advertisements, you should look for ________.

All of the above

_____________ is the nutritional assessment that takes different measurements to assess growth and body composition.

Anthropometry

Food manufacturers are required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to list on their packages if the product contains _____________.

Any of the eight most common ingredients that cause food allergies

______ is exhaled and _____ is inhaled through the respiratory system.

Carbon dioxide; oxygen

________ is made in the ______ and stored in the gallbladder.

Bile; liver

_________ is calculated using height and weight measurements and is more predictive of body fatness than weight alone.

Body mass index (BMI)

________ of food molecules begins when food enters the mouth, as the enzyme salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of the starch in foods.

Catabolism

All of the following are vitamins except

Calcium

_______ bone tissue makes up 80% of the adult skeleton and is the only bone tissue in the shafts of long bones.

Cortical

Common signs of Pellagra include all of the following except

Drinking

Common signs of Pellagra include all of the following except:

Drinking

_______ organ systems in the human body require nutrient input to perform their specific biological functions.

Eleven

Recreational drug use includes all of the following except:

Energy drinks

The ________ of a nutrient must be established before Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) can be determined.

Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)

Dietary methods of assessing nutritional status include all of the following except:

Exercise Log

The _________ comprises several types of white blood cells that circulate in the blood and lymph to seek, recruit, attack, and destroy foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.

Immune System

Which macronutrient is insoluble in water

Lipids

Which macronutrient is insoluble in water?

Lipids

Which macronutrient provides the most energy per a gram?

Lipids

All of the following describe nutrients except

Make up additives like dyes

_______ is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions required to support cellular function and hence the life of an organism.

Metabolism

The two systems of commonly used measurements are ___ and US customary

Metric

The two systems of commonly used measurements are _______ and US Customary.

Metric

_________ are nutrients required by the body in lesser amounts but are still essential for carrying out bodily functions.

Micronutrients

Weight, volume, measure or numerical count are all included in the ________ portion of the label.

Net contents of the package

All of the following are part of the Social-Ecological Model except for?

Nutrition Panel

According to MyPlate, how many servings of dairy should an individual have in a meal?

One serving

A cell can be thought of as a mini-organism consisting of tiny organs called

Organelles

_____ are a group of tissues arranged in a specific manner to support a common physiological function.

Organs

________ are the bone builders, and ________ are the cells that break bone down.

Osteoblasts; osteoclasts

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed seven strategies to increase American's intake of fruits and vegetables. These strategies include all except:

Passing out free fruits and vegetables to low income families

The major function of the endocrine system is to

Produce and release hormones

All of the macronutrients are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Which macronutrient also includes nitrogen?

Proteins

___ are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits called amino

Proteins

All of the following are Nutritional Assessments except:

Psychological Methods

The steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order are?

Question, Research, Hypothesis, Test the Hypothesis, Analyze the data, and Conclusion

In addition to nutrition, health is affected by all of the following except

Seasons

All are a part of the Immune System

Skin, Bacteria in the large intestine, mucus

access to fresh fruits and vegetables may be scant particularly for those who live in disadvantaged or remote areas where cheaper food options are limited to convenience stores and fast food this food influence is called

economics

Which of the following is not a major food source of carbohydrates?

eggs

Normal function of the human body requires a constant input and output of _____ to maintain life.

energy

The amount of ________ you expend every day includes not only the calories you burn during physical activity, but also the calories you burn while at rest (basal metabolism), and the calories you burn when you digest food.

energy

To generalize, most _________ items have little nutritional merit as they are highly processed and rich in saturated fat, salt, and added sugars.

fast food

females have more. which is needed for reproduction and is a consequence of different levels of hormones

fat mass

A Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measurement and does not take into account _____ or ______ in the body, both of which are additional predictors of disease risk.

fat mass; fat distribution

Glucose is stored mainly in muscle and liver tissues as ______.

glycogen

The glands in the Endocrine System secrete ___________, which are biological molecules that regulate cellular processes in other target tissues.

hormones

The ___________ consists of 206 bones and other connective tissues called ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.

human skeleton

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans issued by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in an effort to provide evidence-based guidelines for appropriate physical activity levels includes all of the following except:

increasing sleep to six to eight hours a night

Probiotics

live bacteria that confer beneficial health affects on their host.

Nutrients that are need in large amounts are called ___________.

macronutrients

The digestive system functions on two levels; _______ and _______.

mechanically; chemically

A __________ is a series of enzyme catalyzed reaction that transform the starting material (known as the substrate) into intermediates, that are the substrates for subsequent enzymatic reactions in the pathway, until, finally, an end product is synthesized by the last enzymatic reaction in the pathway.

metabolic pathway