UNIT 1: Introduction to Dance (Quipper)

Couple Dance

?, at that time, was not as popular as round dance as it was considered scandalous when it was first seen.

Round dance

In a ? ,dancers hold hands, forming a long chain and move about in an open or closed circle, or in an extended line.

Peaseant's Dances

The ?, in contrast, have large movements and wide-stepping figures. This is due to their less elaborate costumes allowing bigger movements.

Wayne Sleep

"Dance is fun! It lifts the spirit, strengthens the body, and stimulates the mind." - ? (1986)

Physical Mental/Emotional Social Cultural

4 BENEFITS OF DANCING ON DIFFERENT ASPECTS

Ballet Contemporary Jazz Folk Dance Modern Dance Hip-hop Ballroom Cheer Dance

8 Different Styles of Dances

Pre-historic Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Civilizations Ancient Egypt Ancient Greeks The Ancient Rome Dark and Early Middle Ages Early Renaissance 15th and 16th Century

8 periods of Dance

Ballet

? Is the first dance style, which started from 15th- 16th century. It is considered as one of the most difficult styles of dancing. Aside from the rhythmic movements, it also requires artistic expression of the body, which tells a story to the audience.

Dance as Exercise

As time goes by, many studies also concluded that dance could be a form of exercise or work out that improve health. Bremer (2007) of The British Journal of General Practice on his article "?," cited that the qualities and benefits offered by dancing depend on the form concerned but as a general rule, it improves physical health by developing strength, suppleness, coordination, and balance in varying amounts.

WHO

Based on the research from ?, Globally almost half of all deaths are associated with non- communicable diseases (NCDs). In Thailand, the government is working to increase the level of physical activity to prevent NCDs. They are using tai chi, yoga, dancing, and other healthy programs. These are mostly done in public parks. This all fits within ? efforts to develop a global action plan to promote physical activity.

Exercises, music

Dancing is one of the oldest and most popular forms of exercise. Several forms of dancing are considered aerobic since they entail about an hour of "continuous ?, choreographed to ?" (Fine, 1981). According to Polly de Mille, an exercise physiologist at the Women's Sports Medicine Center in New York, the health benefits gained through dancing are similar to other forms of activities that involve sustained effort in the target zone.

Prehistoric

The origins of dance are rooted in the ? past. Various artistic, religious, and social forces started out the incorporation and development of dance.

Dark and Early Middle Ages

What period of purpose of Dance is this? They performed in village squares and were eventually welcomed in the castles and chateaus of feudal lords. At the same time, the common people also amused themselves by doing dances that were social in character. Court dances emerged as part of the chivalric way of life.

The Ancient Rome

What period of purpose of Dance is this? Dance became brutal and sensationalized as their entertainers were slaves and captives from many nationalities and it was used more often for gruesome purposes (Kraus et al., 1981). Dance eventually became an integral part of the corruption in the latter days of the Roman Empire, resulting in the condemnation of dance by the early Christians. However, dance still existed and was performed within the Church during religious ceremonies. The Christian fathers approved the use of dance, if its form and intent were holy and profound. Dances then became part of worships and church services.

Early Renaissance

What period of purpose of Dance is this? During the Renaissance, dance, and art, in general, gained impetus. The old restraints were loosened, and clerical ideas and purposes no longer dominate all creative expressions of the human spirit (Kraus and Gaufman, 1981).

Pre-historic

What period of purpose of Dance is this? First used dance as a gesture in order to communicate It was used as a means of expressing and reinforcing tribal unity and strength It is also an approach for courtship and mating, and as a means of worship, and therapeutic experiences. People from the prehistoric era performed ways they hoped would appease the forces of nature or give them grant them new powers.

Ancient Egypt

What period of purpose of Dance is this? Most of the dances during this era were mainly a medium of religious expression.

15th and 16th Centuries

What period of purpose of Dance is this? Other dance forms also came to light and have been widely recognized worldwide (Kraus and Gaufman, 1981).

Folk Dance

are leisure or ceremonial dances that are usually executed by members of a community to which the dance is traditional.

Contemporary

dance is a dance style that integrates modern, ballet, and jazz. It their feelings freely. It unites the mind and the body through allows the dancers to express dance movements.

Cheer Dance

is a relatively new field of sports and dance as it has only emerged during the early 1990s as part of the cheerleading events. It is one of the categories in the International Cheerleading Competition that focuses on dance techniques and basic elements of cheerleading, including stunts and advance gymnastics skills. The performers are cheerleaders and not just dancers per se.

Ballroom

typically is done with a partner, a man, and a woman. For this purpose, it is well- known as the social dance, because of the communication between the two dance partners. The common types of ballroom dances are Cha Cha, Foxtrot, jive, lindy hop, mambo, pasa- doble, quickstep, rumba, samba, tango, Vietnamese waltz, and the waltz. There is a competitive form of ballroom dancing, which is called a dance sport. It has different rules and regulations in executing the steps.

Ballroom

Additionally, the peasants danced on grass or on the beaten earth of the town while noblemen danced on smooth floor, wood or polished marble called a ?.

Contemporary dances

After the pinnacle of ballet prominence, ? that were stylistic variations of ballet emerged and evolved in Europe.

Cultural

Dance promotes a place or a country's rich culture through highlighting the different cultural dances. People around the world are brought to "a closer understanding of the lives of the people represented and to an appreciation of their respective folk cultures" through the folk dances of a specific country (Duggan, Schlottmann, Rutledge, 1948). It is through looking at the different dances of other countries will one see the value of one's culture.

Social

Dance provides a unique opportunity for meaningful group involvement as it encourages intense, positive social interaction and interpersonal relationships in a working group. They believe that "it contributes to each individual's potential for the fullest possible self- actualization in society" (Kraus and Gaufman, 1981). Also, dance gives a sense of togetherness in a group. For recent years, varieties of dance-based group fitness formats have been formulated and have been in demand. One of the reasons why there has been a tremendous growth of dance-based fitness regimens is the increasing need for self-expression and social interactions amongst men and women in the new millennium (Childs, 2007).

Mental/Emotional

Ravelin et al. (2006, p. 312) also suggested that dance can be used as intervention in mental health nursing. They revealed that dance can offer "an acceptable way to release emotional and physical pressure." Since the majority of the problems of mental health nurses is in dealing with their patients, it was suggested that dance might be applied, as it is useful in facilitating "non-verbal communication by offering a clear structure for being together." Dancing also gives other psychological health benefits as compared to other forms of exercise. A published study in the journal "Neurobiology of Aging" adds to evidence that exercise can help keep the brain sharp (Keller, 2007; Childs, 2007; Ravelin et al., 2006). Vorghese et al. (2003) greatly supports the mental benefits of dancing in their study, concluding there is a decrease in the incidence of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, with patients whose only regular physical activity is associated with dancing Gondoh et al. (2009) also studied the effects of aerobic exercise on brain structure and psychological well-being. Their findings suggest that "insula gray-matter volume (region involved in multimodal sensory integration and plays a great role in the generation of affective states in response to emotional stimulation) may be maintained by aerobic exercise (Gondoh et al., 2009). The researchers found in this study that "[this] decreased the depressive symptoms and increased the identity of the training group compared with the control group" (Gondoh et al., 2009). It was assumed that there is a correlation between aerobic exercise and body image. Ravelin et al. (2006) attributed dance as a medium for developing one's body image. Therefore, dancing is a great way to improve one's body image.

Physical

When done regularly, dancing is a good way to develop cardiovascular and muscular endurance, and body composition, (Malvar, 2006) as well as balance and flexibility (Fine, 1981; Keller, 2007; Childs, 2007). Dance training also improves coordination (Rickett- Young, 1996). Angioi et al. (2009) observed that there were significant improvements of aerobic and muscular fitness in contemporary dancers who engage in low to moderate intensity dance genres. Thus, low to moderate dance exercise is as effective as other vigorous exercise regimens in improving fitness. Thus, dancing is also a great way to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. According to Flores (1995), an increased fitness results in a great lowering of the body mass index and resting heart rate for those who engage in a dance-based fitness activity compared to those who engage in other regular physical activities. It was also reported that there is a significant improvement in lipid metabolism when dancing (Malvar, 2006). Moreover, dance movements are multidirectional, which means they enable joint mobility specifically, hip motion and spine flexibility as opposed to treadmills or elliptical machines (Keller, 2007; Childs, 2007). It is also a weight-bearing activity that helps improve and maintain bone density as well as prevent osteoporosis (Keller, 2007). Dance therapy has been used in different medical fields throughout history. It aids in recovering coordination and other neuromuscular skills after an injury (Dance Your Way to Fitness, 2007; Chowder, 2013)

Agnes de Mille

"Before man can do anything, he must draw breath, he must move. Movement is the source and condition of life. To dance is to be out of yourself. Larger, more beautiful, more powerful. This is power, it is glory on earth and it is yours for the taking." - ? (1963)

Dance/s

? can be seen among all the people and civilizations of the world. ? thrived at different periods of history and mostly were a result of intercultural exchange and contact (Alejandro and Santos-Gana, 2002).

Lisa Teresita Pacheco Macuja-Elizalde

? is the first Filipino to be known in this kind of dance style. In 1984, she became the first Filipina prima ballerina, and the first ever foreign soloist to join the Kirov Ballet. In the Philippines, she is the Artistic Director of Ballet Manila and the Vice-Chairman of the Commissioner of the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. Macuja-Elizalde is also the Directress and a faculty member of the Ballet Manila School - a training center for ballet professionals who are steeped in the Russian Vaganova method.

Mettler

According to ? (1980), dance is an activity, which can take many forms and fill many different needs. It can be for recreation, entertainment, education, therapy, and religion. Dance is a form of art because through rhythmic movement people can creatively express themselves, their culture and even religion.

Like other aerobic exercise and activities, dancing also requires proper precautions to prevent injury. Since it also involves movement, it requires specific skills that need to be improved and taking care of. The following are simple reminders to keep ourselves safe while enjoying and performing a dance. 1. Assess yourself on what is the appropriate dance styles you can perform based on the level of your fitness. 2. Consider the attire suitable for the dance styles you will be performing. Professionally wear the clothes prescribed. 3. Don't forget to have a warm up before you start and cooling down after the dance. Always consider stretching. 4. Bear in mind the proper techniques and correct posture and skills in dance styles you are about to perform or dance. 5. Always keep yourself hydrated by drinking water.

FRIENDLY REMINDER WHEN DANCING

Ancient Greeks

What period of purpose of Dance is this? Taught as an aid to military education among the boys in Athens and Sparta. It was not just for religious and military training but also a form of entertainment and display. Greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates strongly supported this art as an integration of the body and soul.

Ancient Greeks

What period of theme/nature is this? Greeks believed that dance was closely linked with other kinds of experiences. Plato immensely gave importance to dance in education as stated in his elucidation on the Laws. He highlighted the two kinds of dance and music: the noble (fine and honorable) and the ignoble (imitating what is mean or ugly)

Pre-Historic (Theme/Nature)

What period of theme/nature is this? A form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive cultures. "man danced originally to supplicate the gods on all important occasions of life." Kraus and Gaufman (1981)

15th and 16th Centuries

What period of theme/nature is this? A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe During these times, new court dances performed by the nobility came about and gave rise to the art of ballet in Italy and France. From then on, several other dance forms continued to sprout and spread across several countries. After the pinnacle of ballet prominence, contemporary dances that were stylistic variations of ballet emerged and evolved in Europe.

Ancient Egypt

What period of theme/nature is this? Dance was in full bloom and richly recorded. It is reflected in their wall paintings, reliefs, and in the literary records of hieroglyphs.

Early Renaissance

What period of theme/nature is this? Dance was wholly accepted in the courts as the gradual increase of the capitalist class. produced patrons of learning and art in Europe. The entertainers now became a valuable appendage to the courts of Italy and France. They were to serve the secular goals of the wealthy and powerful nobles who had emerged throughout Europe.

Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Civilizations

What period of theme/nature is this? It was only during this time that the real knowledge of dance came about.

The Ancient Rome

What period of theme/nature is this? Romans gave less importance to dancing. They gave lesser value for the arts as the nation grew wealthy and powerful. The Romans ceased to create and perform dances. The development of the Catholic Church in Europe, following the fall of Rome transformed the history of dance. The Church was the sole custodian of learning and education, as well as the source of morals. When the first Christian emperors came, theatrical entertainment was prohibited.

Dark and Early Middle Ages

What period of theme/nature is this? This marked the beginning of social dancing. The peasants performed two basic types of dancing: the round dance and the couple dance. In a round dance, dancers hold hands, forming a long chain and move about in an open or closed circle, or in an extended line. Couple dance, at that time, was not as popular as round dance as it was considered scandalous when it was first seen. Nobility soon followed the peasants' lead in dancing but in a more refined and courtly form. Because of the noblemen's and women's nature of clothing and elaborate accessories, their dance steps were limited to gliding, curtseying, and posing as they were not able to move freely. The peasants' dances, in contrast, have large movements and wide-stepping figures. This is due to their less elaborate costumes allowing bigger movements. Additionally, the peasants danced on grass or on the beaten earth of the town while noblemen danced on smooth floor, wood or polished marble called a ballroom.

Hip-hop

is a style of dance that progressed from hip-hop principles and is typically performed to hip-hop music. Breakdancing is the most familiar type of hip-hop dance, but other classes include crumping, popping, and locking. This style of dance is perhaps the most diverse of the other forms. It is usually very bouncy, that permits the dancer to have freedom of movement within the repetitive music, and can integrate it to one's personality.

Jazz

is a type of dance that is jolly and enthusiastic. It is naturally combined with upbeat music such as hip-hop or show tunes to add a theatrical flair. Jazz dancers frequently have more freedom to express their unique character through their dance presentations. These dances usually have a lot of leaps, quick footsteps, turns, and other unique moves.

Modern Dance

is deeply rooted in the ballet syllabus. It started as a free and expressive form of dancing. This style began in the 20th century as a response to classical ballet. In current years, it has involved fundamentals, not usually related to dance, such as speech and film.

Ballet

is often dubbed as the backbone of dance. It is a dance style that requires intricate movements to relay the message of a story. The basic dance steps in ballet usually use the entire dance styles. This dance typically uses technique and requires enormous diligence and dedication to perfect. Ballet has three classifications: classical, neoclassical and contemporary.