Unit 1: Mapping Elements/ Grid Systems

So, if the Earth rotates _____ of longitude in one hour of time, how many degrees does it rotate in two hours of time? ______ How about 3 hours? _____ Four hours? _____

-15 degrees -30 degrees -45 degrees -60 degrees

Equator = ____

0 degrees

Prime meridian = ____ ( _________, _______)= starting point

0 degrees Greenwich, England

Lines of latitude are numbered between ____ & _____

0 degrees & 90 degrees

Lines of longitude are numbered between ____ _____

0 degrees and 180 degrees

Low latitudes = ___ to ___ _____ ______

0 degrees to 30 degrees North and South

Latitude is usually measured in ______ intervals.

10 degree

North Pole = _______

90 degrees N

South Pole = _____

90 degrees S

0 degrees to 180 degrees W --->

Western Hemisphere

How to "map the lats": middle latitudes:

conic

How to "map the lats": Low latitudes:

cylindrical

flat-plane projection

designed from a flat plane touching the globe at one point distortion increases as you get further from tangent point HIGH LATS

How to "map the lats": high latitudes:

flat planes

Mercator cylindrical projection

it is designed from a cylinder wrapped around the globe the point on which the cylinder/paper is touching the globe is called a tangent point fails to show TRUE size/distance-- Greenland looks HUGE in comparison to other land masses

lines of latitude run ____ to ____ but measure _____ to _____ of the _______.

lines of latitude run east to west but measure north to south of the equator.

Lines of longitude ---> _________.

meridians

Lines of latitude---> _________

parallels

The Great Circle Route

represents the shortest distance between two points maps represent a ROUND world on a FLAT map-drawing a straight line will NOT show the shortest route

The Analemma

resembles a figure eight on the globe and identifies the location of the sun's direct rays and shows the accuracy of our clocks Winter solstice: December 21 Spring/vernal equinox: March 21 summer solstice: June 21 Fall/autumnal equinox: September 22 FOR NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Earth is a ______

sphere

I. All maps must include the 5 following Mapping Elements: A. _________ -3 things having to do with _________ in a map -example for each

A. direction 1) direction indicator ex: N with an arrow pointing upward 2) compass rose ex: N, E, S, W 3) latitude & longitude ex: 42 degrees N, 87 degrees W

I. All maps must include the 5 following Mapping Elements: B. _______ -3 things having to do with _________ in a map -example for each

B. Scale 1) written/verbal scale ex: 1 inch equals 5 miles 2) graphic/bar scale ex: 0-----5 miles 3) fractional scale (representative fraction) ex: 1: 316,800, 1/316,800= 1: 1

I. All maps must include the 5 following Mapping Elements: C. ____/______ definition: note:

C. Key/Legend definition: interprets symbols & colors used on the map that represent real objects on Earth note: symbols change from map to map

I. All maps must include the 5 following Mapping Elements: D. _____ definition: __________ ___ _______ __ ___ ___

D. Title definition: describes the purpose of the map

I. All maps must include the 5 following Mapping Elements: E. _____

E. Color

0 degrees to 180 degrees E --->

Eastern Hemisphere

0 degrees to 90 degrees S --->

Southern Hemisphere

All points on the Earth are in ___ hemispheres

TWO

Impact on climate of being in the low-high latitude range?

The closer to the equator, Low latitudes (0-30 degrees), the warmer and more tropical the weather is. The farther away from the equator, high latitudes (60-90 degrees), the colder and more arctic the weather is.

Longitude is usually measured in _____ intervals.

15 degree

each time zone covers _____ in longitude.

15 degrees

Tropic of Cancer:

23 1/2 degrees North

Tropic of Capricorn:

23 1/2 degrees South

How many time zones are there in the world?

24

How many hours are in one day OR how long does it take the Earth to rotate 360 degrees of longitude?

24 hours

Middle latitudes = _____ to _____ _____ ______

30 degrees to 60 degrees North and South

____ in a circle

360

When the Earth makes one complete rotation on its axis, how many degrees of longitude does it rotate?

360 degrees

How do we determine the amount of degrees of longitude the Earth rotates in one hour

360 degrees (the amount of degrees the Earth rotates in one rotation on its axis)/24 (amount of hours it takes the Earth to make one rotation on its axis) = 15 degrees

1 degree = __ minutes

60

1 minute = __ seconds (distance NOT time)

60

High latitudes = ___ to ____ _____ ______

60 degrees to 90 degrees North and South

Arctic Circle:

66 1/2 degrees North

Antarctic Circle:

66 1/2 degrees South

Degrees: Degree of latitude = approximately __ miles

69

Degrees: Degree of longitude = approximately __ miles at the equator but gets smaller as you move toward the poles

69

180 degrees approximately longitude = _____________ ____ ____

International Date Line

Lines of longitude run _____ to _____ but measure ____ to ____ of the _____ ________.

Lines of longitude run north to south but measure east to west of the prime meridian.

0 degrees to 90 degrees N --->

Northern Hemisphere

How fast is Earth rotating on its axis?

Over 1,000 miles per hour if you're near the equator.

conic projection

this is designed from a cone being placed over a globe only useful for areas in the MID lats, distortion increases as you get further from the tangent point.

Goode's Interrupted Projection

this is the most accurate FLAT map!

Robinson Projection

this is the most common map used in American classrooms polar regions are flattened and stretched