Unit 1 quiz 3

The von Schlieffen Plan was designed to accomplish which one of the following?

A quick victory over France after German troops moved swiftly through neutral Belgium on their way to Paris.

What was the Arab response to the establishment of Israel in 1948?

A series of Arab-Israeli wars beginning in 1948 over the displacement of Arab Palestinians.

From 1979 to 1989 the USSR found itself engaged in a Vietnam-like war that it simply could not win. Where was this war?

Afghanistan.

Leni

Agreed to Brest-Litovsk and getting Russia out of war.

What was US President Jimmy Carter's response to the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Boycotting the 1980 Moscow Olympics and imposing an embargo on shipping American grains to the USSR.

Rene' Descartes contributed significantly to the foundations of the Scientific Revolution. He is especially known for establishing deductive reasoning as reflected in his statement that

"I think, therefore I am."

Hitler's Mein Kampf had spelled out that one of his goals for Germany was to have Lebensraum. By this he seems to have meant that Germany should have

"Living space," territory to Germany's east basically in lands inhabited by Slavic peoples.

Who stunned the world press and international leaders when he labeled the USSR an "evil empire" in the 1980s

US President Ronald Reagan.

Vatican Council II 1959-65 resulted in among other things which one of the following?

Use of the vernacular in place of Latin at masses etc.

The famous saying, "Man the Measure of All Things," illustrates which "ism" associated with the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment?

Humanism.

The Austrian Empire included which one of the following groups of nationalities?

Hungarians, Slovenes and German-speaking Austrians.

What was meant by the term the Third World?

Nations that chose not to align themselves with the West nor with the USSR.

There were various political responses to the challenges of the Great Depression. Which one of the following nations produced the most impressive statistics in recovering from the Great Depression?

Nazi Germany.

Events associated with the Kristallnacht of 1938 should have alerted the rest of the world to which one of the following?

Nazi anti-Semitism and persecution of the Jews.

Which early figure of the Scientific Revolution is credited with being the "father of rationalism?"

Rene Descartes.

What was the unstated, underlying and thus the real, as opposed to the triggering, cause of the Crimean War?

Russia's apparent threat to the European balance of power by gaining territory and control in the direction of the Mediterranean.

"I was justly called 'The Liberator'; I launched significant political reforms; but then I was brutally assassinated by radicals in 1881" describes which leader?

Tsar Alexander II.

Among the figures of the Scientific Revolution, who is credited with inventing a prototype adding machine, the forerunner of the modern calculator?

Blaise Pascal.

Who said, "The heart feels God, not the reason...?"

Blaise Pascal.

Several individual leaders played significant roles in the bringing about of a united Italy in the mid-19th century. Which ONE of the following is generally considered by historians to have been the MOST significant in uniting the various Italian states?

Camillo di Cavour.

Public support of war summer, fall 1914

Cheerleading, super patriotic.

In Germany the Great Depression had resounding effects including unusually high unemployment. Another effect was that Adolph Hitler managed to do which of the following?

Come into power by legal, constitutional means, at least technically speaking.

Von

Commanded von Schlieffen Plan and invasions.

Civil liberties

Curbed because of national security.

What was the Prague Spring of 1968?

Czechoslovakia's attempt to bring about reforms and rid itself of communism.

What was the result of the 1978 Camp David Accords?

Egypt became the first Arab nation to negotiate a peace treaty with Israel.

What was the purpose of the New Deal program launched in the US in the 1930s?

Enactment of a series of social and economic laws to help lift the US out of the worst aspects of the Great Depression.

Women's roles, occupations

Expanded due to shortage of laborers.

Germany's default on reparations payments in 1923 had repercussions throughout the international market place. The one nation most anxious to hold Germany accountable and to make her continue reparations payments was

France

"I basically agreed with Copernicus, improved a technological device to help others and myself to see the truth of his theory, and found myself hauled before the Inquisition to answer for my supposed heresy" describes which figure of the Scientific Revolution?

Galileo Galilei.

Ludendorff's and von

Given increased

Most of the leaders of the Scientific Revolution took which one of the following views regarding God and religion?

God is the epitome of reason and the mastermind who created the universe.

Economies

Governments exerted increased control over them.

Adolph Hitler strode across the stage of history slightly after Mussolini but in much the same fashion. All of the following were associated with Hitler's rise to power EXCEPT for which one?

He successfully overthrew the government of Bavaria in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.

Kerensky

Headed Provisional Government, kept Russia in War after fall of tsar.

The Enabling Act of 1933 resulted in which one of the following?

Hitler's attaining dictatorial powers in Germany.

T.E.

Inspired Arabs to revolt against Ottoman Turks.

All of the following are associated with the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 EXCEPT

Israel gained unilateral control over the Canal and still has that control at the present.

The German military installed a new democratic government and let it pursue the Armistice of November 11, 1918. Soon Allied leaders gathered in Paris to write a peace treaty. Why was Russia NOT represented at the Paris Peace Conference?

It had become a communist nation and was not invited by the Big Four to attend.

When all was said and done, what was the real, underlying reason for the Allies' victory in World War I?

It was a war of attrition, in which the advantages lay with the Allies and their empires.

Ludendorff

One of two generals who became a near-dictator during the war.

Once Lenin's followers gained control over Russia, they carried out which one of the following events or trends?

Signing an armistice with Germany and ending participation in World War I.

The earth-shattering events of June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo were associated with all the following persons EXCEPT

T. E. Lawrence's persuading the Arabs to revolt against the Turks.

One of the world's most famous political orations is referred to as the "Blood and Iron" speech. What did the speaker who used those terms seem to be implying?

That authoritarian rule by the national government would achieve beneficial results for the nation.

Copernicus upset all traditional notions of the construction of our universe with his theories that suggested which one of the following views?

That the sun, not the earth, is the center of our planetary system.

What was the avowed purpose of the "Willy-Nicky" telegrams on the eve of World War I?

The Kaiser and his cousin, the Tsar, sought to avert going to war against one another.

Sir Francis Bacon is remembered for using inductive reasoning and thus devising which one of the following?

The Scientific Method.

What was the essence of the New Deal program in the United States?

The federal government's going into debt while experimenting with socialist-type programs such as employing the unemployed to construct public works.

Demonstrating how desperate diplomats were to assure that peace would last, in 1928 the nations of the world found themselves invited to sign a document known as the Pact of Paris and also as the Kellogg-Briand Pact. What was provided in this treaty?

The renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy except in cases of self-defense.

Charles Darwin made a real splash in the intellectual world of the 19th. century, especially when he publicized which one of the following theories?

The theory of organic evolution.

Both Galileo and Newton viewed the universe as having been constructed with which one of the following concepts?

The ultimate degree of rationality.

What was Sputnik?

The world's first artificial satellite launched in 1957 by the USSR.

NATO came into being in 1948. What was its purpose?

To provide mutual defense among Western allies including North American and European nations.

How did the Korean War of 1950-1953 end?

With a truce and cease-fire line quite near the original border between the two Koreas.

In contrast to the first Industrial Revolution, European standards of living during the Second Industrial Revolution in the late 19th. century could best be said to have been improving for

all classes

By provision of the Treaty of Versailles, the fate of the area known as Alsace-Lorraine was that it would

be awarded to France permanently.

One major result of the Great Depression was in the area of democratic governments' relationships to their nations' economies. That trend might best be summed up as governments

becoming increasingly involved in their nations' economies.

In 1946 Churchill gave his famous "Iron Curtain" speech in which he essentially asserted that east of a line running "from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic" people were

being held captive by the Soviets and their communist system.

One major ideal that raised hope among peoples around the world at the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I was that of national self-determination, which essentially meant that

each ethnic or national group should have its own national borders and identity and should determine for itself the kind of government it would have.

Otto von Bismarck was a most influential leader in the mid- and late 19th. century. All of the following are associated with him EXCEPT

establishing the Dual Monarchy via the Ausgleich of 1867.

The organization known as the Black Hand was responsible for

events associated with June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo.

In the judgment of many historians, what ultimately brought Western nations completely out of the Great Depression?

gearing up and fighting for World War II

In 1946 the United States initiated the decolonization movement by

granting independence to the Philippines.

All the following are associated with Pope John Paul II EXCEPT

he has had little, if anything, to do with the fall of communism.

All the following were true of the Great Exhibition of 1851 EXCEPT that it was

heavily skewed towards showing off agricultural as opposed to industrial innovations.

In 1947 President Truman announced the Truman Doctrine which called for

sending US aid to assist the governments of Greece and Turkey in battling communist insurrections and announcing that the US would go to the aid of other countries faced with revolts by "armed minorities" (i.e., communists).

Though rather simplistic, in a nutshell what caused the Great Depression was

overproduction and under consumption of goods.

In the 1940s the victorious Allied Powers decided that initial treatment of Germany should

partition Germany into four occupation zones and also partition Berlin.

Nineteenth century Russia consisted of several social groups the largest of which was the

peasantry.

Mid-19th Britain experienced several changes including all the following EXCEPT

political assassinations carried out by radical terrorist groups such as the Peoples' Will.

Moltke's roles

political powers.

The Communist Manifesto was a call for

political revolutions leading to a classless society.

The term "ethnic cleansing" is a euphemism (polite word) for

practicing a holocaust against a particular group.

The famous quote, "I think, therefore I am," is an example of

rational deduction

One result of World War I was the creation of the League of Nations, the primary purpose of which was supposed to be

resolving international conflicts and promoting world peace.

Benito Mussolini marched large across the stage of history shortly after World War I. As such, he was associated with all the following EXCEPT

supporting political liberalism, doing away with tactics of intimidation and violence, and assuring a multiparty political system for Italians.

During the late 19th century, one country and leader in particular gained notice for practicing what was called Realpolitik, which was

supposedly realistic approaches to domestic and international politics involving trickery and deceit.

International relations were not terribly hopeful nor promising for a lasting peace in the early 1920s as indicated by all of the following EXCEPT

the 1924 Treaty of Locarno.

The US policy of containment consisted of all the following elements and instruments EXCEPT

the Common Market.

Popularizing knowledge produced by the Scientific Revolution defines the movement known as

the Enlightenment.

The Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 was the most significant conflict in Europe since the Napoleonic Wars. All of the following were true of the Franco-Prussian War EXCEPT

the Paris Commune provided a peaceful transition from republican to imperial rule.

Results of the Treaty of Versailles included all the following EXCEPT?

the US Senate's approval of the Treaty and the US's joining the League of Nations.

The so-called Domino Theory had to do with

the West's belief that if the communists gained control over one southeast Asian nation, then others likely would fall to communism also.

The goals of Zionism were finally achieved after World War II and resulted in the creation of

the creation of the modern nation of Israel.

Communist rule over Russia beginning in late 1917 and continuing into the 1920s was characterized by all the following EXCEPT

the election of a Constituent Assembly to draft a new, republican constitution.

Italian unification involved all the following EXCEPT

the intervention of Otto von Bismarck.

The policy of detente involved all the following EXCEPT

the recognition that communism was monolithic and communist states took their orders directly from Moscow.