Unit 1: Scientific Method

Line Graph

A diagram that shows data from a table with respect to a continuous independent variable. Typically shows trends over time.

Bar Graph

A diagram that shows data from a table with respect to a discrete independent variable. Typically shows comparisons.

Inference

A logical next step. These are made based on prior background knowledge and observations.

Testable Question

A question that can be tested and includes the independent variable and the dependent variable. Ex. What will happen to the balloon's size when it's cooled?

Hypothesis

A statement that describes an educated guess about what will happen in an experiment. It includes: If, Then, Because, the Independent, and Dependent Variable. It should be testable. Ex. If the temperature of the balloon is cooled to 10 degrees Celsius, then the balloon will shrink, because I've seen balloons shrink when they get cold.

Table

A structured, neat set of lines to collect data.

Control Variable

Conditions in an experiment that are kept the same in order to increase the validity of the experiment.

Observation

Data strictly gathered from the 5 senses: Seeing, Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, or Touching.

Quantitative Data

Data that includes numbers or values.

Qualitative Data

Data that is described with words, pictures, or colors.

T.A.I.L.S. + K.

Rules to follow in order to make graphs that include all necessary information: Title Axis Intervals Labels Scale Key

Validity

The degree to which a scientist has confidence in the results of the experiment. High validity means the experiment results are trustworthy.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that is NOT exposed to the independent variable. Scientist know what will happen to these subjects.

Experimental Group

The group in an experiment that is exposed to the independent variable. Scientist don't know what will happen to these subjects.

Dependent Variable

The measured outcome from an experiment. These are the results that occur or depend upon the independent variable.

Independent Variable

The single condition in an experiment that the scientist changed or decided to look at. This is what causes the results in the dependent variable.

Scientific Method

This is the step by step process of making a claim and then testing it and then adjusting it. General steps include: Question, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, and Conclusion.