Unit 1 special senses

A loud noise causes a(n)

All of the above large movement of the tympanic membrane. alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation. large number of hair cells to be stimulated. big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window.

The ________ fills the membranous labyrinth.

Endolymph

For olfaction, which of the following is FALSE?

Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands.

Which of the following is/are true of rod cells?

They contain a photosensitive chemical called rhodopsin. They are sensitive to dim light.

Color blindness is believed to be due to:

a deficiency of photoreceptors

Olfactory (smell) receptors:

all of the above are specialized endings of afferent neurons lie in a small patch of mucus membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity possess fine cilia extending into the olfactory mucus

The response of receptors to different sound frequencies:

all of the above takes place in the cochlea depends upon response of certain portions of the basilar membrane to different frequencies takes place as certain hair cells are affected by particular frequencies

The auditory (Eustachian) tube:

allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.

Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from:

an absence of one of the type of cones

What structure equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and outer atmosphere?

auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

What structure supports the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?

basilar membrane.

A person with normal vision is driving down the road, looking far ahead. If they glance down to read the speedometer, the lens of the eye will:

become more rounded accommodate

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia?

bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

Before an odorant can be detected, it must:

bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.

The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth.

bony labyrinth

The process by which changes in the curvature of the lens adjusts the focusing of an image on the retina is:

called accommodation

The individual receptors for the sense of taste:

can respond to a variety of chemicals

Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as:

cataracts

Olfactory glands

coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.

When auditory receptors are stimulated, the resulting action potential is transmitted through the:

cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Interference with the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window is ________ deafness.

conductive

The rod-shaped receptor cells of the eye:

contain rhodopsin

Most light refraction is accomplished by the:

cornea

The elevated ridges within the ampullae of the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a

crista ampullaris.

Accommodation in the eye involves which of the following?

curvature of the lens ciliary muscles

Discrimination of specific tastes and odors is believed to be due, at least in part, to:

different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals

Dim light situations would result in:

dilation of the pupil

Color blindness is:

due to a lack of certain cone cells

Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerves?

facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X).

Gustatory receptors are clustered in taste buds in all of the following papillae except:

filiform.

The chemoreceptors of gustatory cells are:

gustatory (taste) hairs

Which of the following conditions can be corrected by a convex lens, that will shift the focal point anteriorly?

hyperopia

Damage to the left optic nerve may result in:

impaired vision in only the left eye

The hair cells that convert sound into nervous impulses are found:

in the organ of Corti

Receptors for the senses of equilibrium and hearing are located in the:

internal ear.

Daytime vision:

involves mostly cones, rather than rods

What structure changes the size of the opening through which light enters the eye?

iris

Rotating the eyeball directly towards the midline or away from the midline is accomplished by which muscles?

lateral and medial rectus muscles

The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in

maculae.

Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore.

microvilli

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane?

moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth

Olfactory receptors are highly modified

neurons.

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and, thus, the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?

olfaction

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the:

olfactory bulb.

The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria.

olfactory epithelium

The function of gustatory receptors is most similar to the function of:

olfactory receptors.

Gustatory receptors are located

on the surface of the tongue.

The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles.

outer; middle

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?

peppery

Which of the following is directly responsible for converting sound (mechanical energy) into nerve impulses?

receptor cells in the organ of Corti

Special cells or nerve endings which convert various forms of energy from the environment into action potentials are:

receptors

Light waves are converted into nerve impulses in the:

retina

Identify the correct order of structures involved in sensing light and transmitting the information to the brain:

retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex

Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the:

saccule and utricle.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes?

seals the oval window

That structure involved in sensing changes in angular acceleration (turning) of the head is the:

semicircular canal

When you spin around several times with your eyes closed, which of the following will detect the motion?

semicircular canals

Movement of the endolymph within the semicircular canals:

signals rotational movements.

The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the

spiral organ (organ of Corti).

Which eye muscle moves the eyeball down and laterally?

superior oblique

Rotational or angular acceleration causes:

the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals

Which of the following is true of photoreceptors?

there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue

Astigmatism is a condition in which:

there is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens

Which of the following best describes otoliths?

tiny weights necessary for sensing static equilibrium

The ossicles (bones) in the ear function to:

transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term ossicles?

transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

It is possible to be "deaf" for only certain frequencies.

true

Which of the following anatomical sequences is correct?

tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

tympanic membrane.

The external ear ends at the

tympanic membrane.

Which taste sensation is triggered by amino acids and small peptides?

umami.

The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity.

utricle and saccule

The sensory receptors that contain otoliths, and that are primarily concerned with recognition of head position relative to gravity are located in the:

utricle and saccule

Perception of the frequency of a sound depends on:

which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.