Unit 1 test anatomy lecture quizzes and assignments

What will a neutralize a solution containing water and hydrochloric acid

A base

The stomach acid that enters the small intestine must be neutralized for digestion to continue properly. What will accomplish this and how will the pH change?

A base; pH will increase

A ___ is a molecule that releases protons into a solution

Acid

A pH of 5 indicates a

Acid

Substances that release hydrogen ions when dissociated in water are

Acids

Sodium and potassium ions are electrolytes. Therefore they dissolve ___ in water

And dissociate

Phospholipids

Arrange themselves as a bilayer in the plasma membrane Have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic; no polar tails

A ___ is a molecule that accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution

Base

A pH of 10 indicates a

Base

A ___ is a chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH

Buffer

A ___ is a substance that releases or takes up hydrogen ions as the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution changes

Buffer

Sugar's macromolecule

Carbohydrate

Organic molecules are defined as molecules that contain ___ and hydrogen atoms

Carbon

System that provides the transport of materials within the body

Cardiovascular system

____ is found in the plasma membrane of animal cells

Cholesterol

Blood plasma contains water mixed with proteins. Therefore it is considered a

Colloid

Fats

Composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol May be saturated or unsaturated

In negative feedback, if the stimulus's increases, the homeostatic system is activated to cause a ___ in the stimulus.

Decrease

It is when all systems fail that a homeostatic imbalance or ___ occurs, threatening a persons survival

Disease

Midsagital (median) plane

Divides the body into right and left halves

In negative feedback, the variable ________ constant over time, and this ___ occurs around the set point

Doesn't remain; fluctuation

Homeostasis characteristics are ___ and continually changing

Dynamic

The control center of homeostasis is generally the nervous system or the ___ system

Endocrine

The abdominal pelvic region that is superior in the middle column, and typically contains the duodenum, part of the liver, and part of the stomach is the

Epigastric region

Unlike other lipids, steroids lack ___ but they are still ___ in water

Fatty acids, insoluble

Many types of steroids exist due to the various ___ groups that can be attached to its carbon skeleton

Functional

Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transfer ___ information in cells

Genetic

___ is a strong acid because it almost fully dissociates into hydrogen ions and chloride ions in water

HCI

More hydroxide ions releases by a base, the ___ the pH value of the solution becomes

Higher

In positive feedback, the body returns to ____. Because their end result is to ___ the activity, positive feedback mechanisms occur much ___ frequently in the body than negative feedback mechanisms

Homeostasis, increase, less

Sodium Hydroxide is a strong base because it absorbs more ___ ions than weak bases

Hydrogen

Bases are substances that release

Hydroxide ions

In negative feedback, if the stimulus decreases the homeostatic system causes an ___ in the stimulus until it returns to normal

Increase

A patient complaining of pain on his left side just feel to the ribs would be referring to which a domino pelvic quadrant

Left upper

The more hydrogen ions released by an acid, the ___ the pH value of the solution becomes

Lower

anything that has mass and occupies space

Matter

Calcium phosphate is the ___ common ionic compound in the body

Most

Homeostasis systems are typically regulated through ___ feedback to maintain a normal value

Negative

When blood sugar levels increase after a meal, insulin is released. This lowers sugar levels back toward normal. This is an example of

Negative feedback

System that coordinates most quick controls of the body

Nervous system

Water dissociates into an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions, which creates a ___ pH value

Neutral

nucleotide's macromolecule

Nucleic acid

Where there is a change in the internal body environment, how will the body react to maintain homeostasis by negative feedback?

Oppose the change

With negative feedback, the resulting action will always be in the ___ direction of the stimulus.

Opposite

The bond between adjacent amino acids is a ___ bond

Peptide

Homeostasis is a term that describes the many ___ processes to maintain the ___ of the body

Physiologic/ health

The unequal sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a water molecule makes water a

Polar molecule

A blood vessel is damaged, platelets attach and recruit more platelets to the area. These new platelets recruit even more, quickly increasing the number of platelets until the age is sealed with a blood clot. This amplification is an example of

Positive feedback

The heart is considered ___ to the sternum

Posterior

Nucleic acids determine the types of ___ synthesized within cells

Proteins

The nucleic aid that is single-stranded and is located within the nucleus of the cell and cytoplasm is

RNA

A buffer can only minimize changes in H+ levels over s portion of the pH scale, called the buffering ___ of the buffer

Range

There are three components of the homeostatic system

Receptor, control center, and effector

In positive feedback, the stimulus is ___ to continue in ___ direction until a climatic event occurs

Reinforced, the same

When an organism senses and reacts to changes in their internal or external environments, this is an example of

Responsiveness

Table sugar complete dissolved in water is an example of a

Solution

As a result of electron configuration of a water molecule, water is a great _______ because water can break up and surround a ______, as long as it is not ______, dissolving it into solution

Solvent, solute, nonpolar

___ are lipids with a unique ring shaped structure

Steroids

How would an anatomist describe the bladder

The bladder wall contains a transitional epithelium and several layers of smooth muscle.

What is true about positive feedback

The change is amplified

tertiary structure of protein

The final shape of a polypeptide May be spherical and compact, or extended and linear

How what a physiologist describe the small intestine?

The small intestine has a large surface area for more efficient digestion and absorption

Forms adipose tissue and provide energy

Triglycerides

The ionic compound magnesium chloride has __ chloride ions for every magnesium ion

Two

System that cleans the blood and regulates bodily fluids

Urinary system

The ___ pericardium forms the hearts external surface

Visceral

A molecule of ___ consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms

Water

secondary structure of protein

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet Provide flexibility and elasticity to the region or the protein they are found

primary structure of protein

amino acid sequence Monomers are linked through covalent peptide bonds

Lipids ________ polymers

are not

Mammary is to ___ as brachial is to arm

breast

The system that breaks down and absorbs food

digestive system

Coronal plane

divides body into front and back

transverse plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Regulation of inflammation and aid in nervous system communication

eicosanoids

Steroids

have a backbone of four fused carbon rings Include cholesterol and many hormones

The joint just proximal to the knee is which one of these?

hip

When water breaks apart, it releases positively charged ____________ ions and negatively charged ____________ ions.

hydrogen and hydroxide

Lipids are ___ in water

insoluble

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has

lost or gained an electron

Most processes in the body are controlled by

negative feedback

DNA and RNA are

nucleic acids

Lipids function as stored

nutrients

A buffer acts to maintain __ values at fairly constant levels.

pH

The outer serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the

parietal peritoneum

The covalent linkage between nucleotides is referred to as a(n) _____ bond.

phosphodiester

main component of cell membrane

phospholipids

The fluid-filled area between the pleural layers is the

pleural cavity

The reason water behaves in this manner is because the ___ charge on the hydrogen end of the water molecule is attracted to the negative charge of a polar molecule, while the ___ charge of the oxygen end of the water molecule is attracted to the positive side of a polar molecule.

positive and negative

amino acids macromolecule

protein

If you are cold, and your body alters the circulation near the skin in order to conserve heat, what characteristic of life is this representing?

regulation

The study of how gases are transferred between the lungs and blood, and between the blood and body tissues, best describes the focus of

respiratory physiology

Thermoreceptors detect body temperature and send impulses to the brain for analysis. If body temperature is low, the brain will signal skeletal muscles to perform brief, repeated contractions to help generate heat. In this example, what is the effector?

skeletal muscles

System that supports the body

skeletal system

Include hormones, cholesterol, and bile salts

steroids

Homeostasis is best described as

the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.

The most common form of lipids are

triglycerides

quaternary structure

two or more polypeptide chains, each with its own tertiary structure, combine to form a functional protein An example is the final structure of hemoglobin