Unit 2: Anatomy Smartbook

A ______ joint is indicated by the arrow in the figure. hinge ball-and-socket condylar plane

ball-and-socket

The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone.

diaphysis

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______. -cartilage -epiphysis -metaphysis -diaphysis

diaphysis

All synovial joints are ___________ , meaning that they can freely move, though some are more mobile than others.

diarthroses

Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as ______________

diarthroses

The letter A in the figure illustrates the ______ joint. sternoclavicular temporomandibular

sternoclavicular

________ is shown in the figure. The palm of the hand is turning from a posterior position to an anterior position.

supination

The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a(n)

suture

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called:

spongy bone

Digital __________ sheaths are shown here in the figure and are indicated with the letter B.

tendon

Which statements characterize endosteum? -It is active during bone repair. -It lines medullary cavities. -It covers the diaphysis of a bone. -It contains osteoblasts.

-It is active during bone repair. -It lines medullary cavities. -It contains osteoblasts.

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification. -Lower limb bones -Upper limb bones -Mandible -Flat bones of the skull -Vertebrae

-Lower limb bones -Upper limb bones -Vertebrae

Which organs are protected by bones? -Lungs -Heart -Skin -Reproductive organs -Brain

-Lungs -Heart -Reproductive organs -Brain

Functions of bone include which of the following? -mineral storage -blood cell formation -support -secretion of insulin -protection

-mineral storage -blood cell formation -support -protection

Which of the following do long bones include? -most cranial bones -the bones of the toes -the bones of the fingers -the bones of the palm -the thigh bone

-the bones of the toes -the bones of the fingers -the bones of the palm -the thigh bone

What are the following steps to summarize interstitial growth of cartilage?

1. Chondrocyte in lacuna undergoes mitosis. 2. Two cells occupy one lacuna. 3. Two cells in one lacuna begin to produce new matrix.

Which letter identifies a perforating canal in the figure provided? -B -A

A

Which letter indicates the location of a secondary ossification center in the figure? -C -A -B

A

Which of the following is the articular disc that separates the mandible from temporal bones? C D A B

A

Where are syndesmoses found in the body? Between the radius and ulna Between the carpals Between the tibia and fibula Between the vertebrae

Between the radius and ulna Between the tibia and fibula

Identify the structures that are labeled A in the figure. Bursae Fat pads Synovial membranes

Bursae

______ is a complex movement that occurs as a result of a continuous sequence of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction. Circumduction Opposition Pronation

Circumduction

Which is an organic component of bone? -Collagen fibers -Salts -Hydroxyapatite -Phosphate -Calcium

Collagen fibers

This image shows the microscopic structure of which type of bone? -Spongy bone -Compact bone

Compact bone *Osteons are found in the compact bone

Cartilage is what type of tissue?

Connective tissue

Select all that apply Which are locations of synchondroses? Epiphyseal plate Between rib/sternum Between pelvic bones Between vertebrae

Epiphyseal plate Between rib/sternum

Growth from within cartilage is called ______.

Interstitial Growth

Which are examples of a plane joint? Intertarsal joint Intercarpal joint Glenohumoral joint Interosseous membrane

Intertarsal joint Intercarpal joint

Which of the following are categorized as a symphysis? Intervertebral discs Synovial joints Suture Synchondrosis

Intervertebral discs

Which is a function of cartilage? -It makes up the composition of fingernails. -It supports the bridge (top) of the nose. -It supports the auricle of the ear. -It supports the upper eyelid.

It supports the auricle of the ear.

In intramembranous ossification, what replaces woven bone? -Mesenchyme -Endochondral bone -Hyaline cartilage -Lamellar bone

Lamellar bone

What is the special movement of the thumb across the palm that permits grasping and holding of an object? Retraction Opposition Inversion

Opposition

What type of synovial joint is indicated by A in the figure? Saddle joint Pivot joint Condylar joint Planar joint

Pivot joint

Which tissue is responsible for the production of blood cells?

Red bone marrow

Which is the most mobile joint? Shoulder Elbow Intervertebral Suture

Shoulder

True or false: Chondrocytes are cells that maintain cartilage but they do not produce the matrix of cartilage.

TRUE

True or false: The epiphyseal plate is composed of cartilage.

True

Which is an example of an irregular bone? -Vertebrae -Kneecap bone -Thigh bone -Upper arm bone

Vertebrae

the ____________ cruciate ligament runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia.

anterior

The letter A is pointing to the ________________ capsule.

articular

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______. -central canals -perforating canals -canaliculi -lamellae

canaliculi

Bones are joined by ______ in cartilaginous joints. a joint cavity fibers cartilage bones

cartilage

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______. -trabecula -central canal -lamella -canaliculus

central canal

The cells that produce the matrix of cartilage are called _____________

chondroblasts

_____________ is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of the appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion.

circumduction

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through:

endochondral ossification

In a(n) ______________ motion, the angle between the bones does not change and only limited movement is possible in any direction.

gliding

______ is a simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back-and-forth or side-to-side with respect to one another. Gliding Condylar Flexion

gliding

In the figure, letter A indicates the ______. greater trochanter lesser trochanter ischial tuberosity

greater trochanter

A bony callus is ______. -cartilage -hard -soft

hard

A blood clot within a bone fracture is called a fracture _______________

hematoma

The process of blood cell production is called ______.

hemopoiesis

A ______ joint is a uniaxial joint in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone. hinge condylar ball-and-socket plane

hinge

Examples of irregular bones include ______. -most arm bones -hip bones and vertebrae -the femur and wrist bones -wrist and ankle bones

hip bones and vertebrae

Ossification begins ______. -in the embryo -at puberty -in a newborn baby

in the embryo

In this picture of a synovial joint, letter B is pointing to the ___________________ cavity which contains synovial fluid.

joint *joint cavity

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called ____________

lacunae

Bone A, in the picture provided, is classified as a(n) ______ bone. -irregular -flat -short -long

long

Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______. -irregular bone -long bone -short bone -flat bone

long bone

The tibia and radius are classified as ______. -long bones -flat bones -short bones -irregular bones

long bones

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______. -endosteum -lacuna -medullary cavity -epiphyseal plate

medullary cavity

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the ______. -medullary cavity -metaphysis -periosteum -articular cartilage

metaphysis

In interstitial growth of cartilage ______.

new cells and new matrix are produced

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength? -inorganic components -organic components

organic components

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength? -organic components -inorganic components

organic components

The formation and development of bone is ______. -membranization -ossification -fibrosis -hemopoiesis

ossification

The bone cell labeled B is a(n)

osteoclast

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called _______________

osteocytes

In the knee, the joint between the knee cap and the thigh bone is called the ______ joint. sacroiliac tibiofemoral patellofemoral tibiofibular

patellofemoral

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______. -articular cartilage -endosteum -bone marrow -periosteum

periosteum

The bone structure labeled B, which wraps around the bone in the figure, is the

periosteum

The mineral called ____ is stored by the bone and is needed for ATP production.

phosphate

The atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as a(n) ____________ joint

pivot

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis. -medial -distal -proximal

proximal *proximal epiphysis

The bone part labeled A in the figure is the ______. -diaphysis -metaphysis -distal epiphysis -proximal epiphysis

proximal epiphysis

Hemopoiesis occurs in ______

red bone marrow

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is an example of a ______ joint. condylar saddle pivot planar

saddle

The first sternocostal joint is a ______. synchondrosis symphysis synovial joint gomphosis

synchondrosis

A ______________ joint has a fluid-filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones.

synovial

____________ fluid lubricates the articular cartilage of articulating bones in a synovial joint.

synovial

A hinge joint is a ______ joint. uniaxial biaxial multiaxial

uniaxial

In appositional growth, cartilage grows ______.

when stem cells at the perichondrium divide

Incomplete osteons that typically have no central canal are called:

interstitial lamellae

___________ connect bones together and reinforce most synovial joints.

ligaments

In the figure, letter A indicates the ______. greater trochanter head of the femur acetabulum

acetabulum

Secondary ossification centers form ______. -after bone growth has stopped -at birth and later in childhood -at puberty

at birth and later in childhood

The glenohumeral joint is a ______ joint, which is the most unstable joint in the body and one of the most frequently dislocated. temporomandibular pivot condylar ball-and-socket

ball-and-socket

A fibrous saclike structure that contains synovial fluid and is on the outside of the joint to protect it from friction is called a(n) ______. fat pad bursa tendon

bursa

Most primary ossification centers form ______. -by the second week of development -after birth -at puberty -by the twelfth week of development

by the twelfth week of development

Rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone are called ______. -circumferential lamellae -interstitial lamellae

circumferential lamellae

The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the ______. -yellow bone marrow -periosteum -epiphyseal line -medullary cavity

epiphyseal line

The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.

epiphysis

When bones are brought closer together as the angle between them decreases, it is called ______. extension flexion pronation abduction

flexion

When you raise your arm anteriorly, it is called ______ of the shoulder. hyperextension extension flexion

flexion

In the figure, letter A is indicating ___________________ and letter B is indicating ____________________

flexion extension, hyperextension

In the figure, the letter A is pointing to the ______. acetabulum of the os coxa head of the femur articular capsule ligament of head of femur

head of the femur

The forearm in this figure is exhibiting ______. supination pronation

pronation

The sternoclavicular joint is a ______ joint. condylar saddle pivot

saddle

The articular capsule of the knee joint encloses which regions of the knee joint? Medial, lateral, and anterior Anterior and posterior Medial, lateral, and posterior Medial and anterior

Medial, lateral, and posterior

The ______ becomes taut when the knee is flexed and prevents hyperflexion of the knee joint. ACL medial meniscus PCL lateral meniscus

PCL

Which is a function of bone? -Protection of organs -Filtration of blood -Storage of glycogen -Nerve cell regeneration

Protection of organs

Which are types of fibrous joints? Sutures Syndesmoses Synchondroses Gomphoses

Sutures Syndesmoses Gomphoses

Which of the following joints is indicated here by the arrow? Suture Gomphosis Syndesmosis

Syndesmosis

___________ are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones.

Tendons

True or false: Bones are said to articulate with each other at a joint.

True

An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of ______. -compact bone -spongy bone

compact bone

Flat bones have surfaces composed of ______ bone with internally placed ______ bone. -spongy, compact -compact, compact -compact, spongy -spongy, spongy

compact, spongy

The external surface of short bones consists of ______ bone while the interior consists of ______ bone.

compact, spongy

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______. -epiosteum -metosteum -periosteum -endosteum

endosteum

A thin line of compact bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a mature bone is called the ______. -epiphyseal line -endosteum -epiphyseal membrane -periosteum

epiphyseal line

A ______ joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue. fibrous cartilaginous synovial

fibrous

Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a(n) __________ for the entire body.

framework or frame, skeleton, support, foundation, or scaffold

The ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called the ______ ligament. lateral collateral tibial collateral fibular collateral medial collateral

lateral collateral fibular collateral

The more mobile a joint is, the ______ stable it is. LESS OR MORE

less

In the figure, letter A represents the _____________ trochanter

lesser

This figure exhibits:

adduction

A bone fracture tears ______, which causes bleeding and a fracture hematoma to form. -bone cells -blood vessels -nerves -protein fibers

blood vessels

In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in ______.

blood vessels of bone

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called ______. -endochondral ossification -bone remodeling -bone resorption -intramembranous ossification

bone remodeling

In bone fracture repair, a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced with a ______. -procallus -hematoma -collagen fibers -bony callus

bony callus

Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone.

calcium

Bones are joined by ______ in cartilaginous joints. fibers cartilage a joint cavity bones

cartilage

Identify letters A and B on the figure. A is the medial epicondyle of the humerus. B is the medial epicondyle of the humerus. B is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. A is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

A is the medial epicondyle of the humerus. B is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

What is the entire structure that is pictured here? -The periosteum -An osteon -A trabecula -An osteoclast

An osteon

What type of tissue makes up a tendon? Dense regular connective tissue Adipose tissue Dense irregular connective tissue Loose connective tissue

Dense regular connective tissue

How does cartilage receive its nutrients? -Through its rich blood supply -Through lymphatic vessels -Diffusion through the matrix -Filtration by the matrix

Diffusion through the matrix

True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones.

False Reason: Several other tissue types are found in bones including cartilage, blood, and nervous tissue.

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification? -Flat bones of the skull -Most of the bones of the vertebral column -Most bones of the upper limb -Most bones of the lower limb

Flat bones of the skull

______ is movement in an anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating bones. Adduction Extension Flexion

Flexion

Which are classified as synovial joints? Glenohumeral Bodies of intervertebral joints Temporomandibular Knee joint Elbow

Glenohumeral Temporomandibular Knee joint Elbow

Which of the following joints has a gliding motion where two articular surfaces slide past each other? Letter B Letter C Letter A

Letter A

______ are composed of dense regular connective tissue that connect one bone to another Tendons Ligaments

Ligaments

Identify the type of synovial joint marked by the letter A. Plane Ball-and-socket Pivot Hinge

Plane

Which is the simplest synovial articulation and the least mobile? Biaxial Plane Condylar Triaxial

Plane

The figure exhibits

abduction

When you bring your raised arm or thigh back toward the body midline, you are performing ______. adduction flexion abduction extension

adduction

The place where two bones meet is called ______.

an articulation

Growth along the periphery of cartilage is called __________ growth.

appositional

A joint in the body is also called a(n)

articulation

A joint in the body is also called a(n) .

articulation

A ________ joint is shown in the figure and is labeled A.

condylar

Example of ______ joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2 through 5, most commonly called the 'knuckles". pivot plane ball-and-socket gliding condylar

condylar

Bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of ______. extension opposition flexion

flexion

Bones of the skeleton function as ________________ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract.

levers

The metaphysis of mature bone contains a thin layer of compact bone called the epiphyseal ____________

line *epiphyseal line

In interstitial growth of cartilage ______. -only new matrix is produced -news cells and new matrix are produced -only new cells are produced

news cells and new matrix are produced

Osteoblasts function to ______. -destroy blood cells -break down bone matrix -synthesize new blood cells -produce osteoid

produce osteoid

The first major center of bone formation is called the ______. -periosteal bud -primary ossification center -epiphyseal plate -secondary ossification center

primary ossification center

Which statement(s) characterize lamellar bone? -It is also known as secondary bone. -It does not form compact bone of flat bones. -It becomes the spongy bone of flat bones.

-It is also known as secondary bone. -It becomes the spongy bone of flat bones. *Bonus: -it replaces trabeculae of woven bones.

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons? -Their numbers vary among osteons. -They are also called canaliculi. -They contain blood vessels and nerves. -They contain collagen fibers. -They are rings of bone tissue.

-Their numbers vary among osteons. -They contain collagen fibers. -They are rings of bone tissue.

Which statements characterize osteocytes? -They secrete osteoid. -They reside in lacunae. -They break down bone matrix. -They maintain bone matrix.

-They reside in lacunae. -They maintain bone matrix. Bonus: -They detect mechanical stress in bone

A simple bone fracture typically takes how long to heal? -2 to 3 months -1 to 2 months -3 to 4 months -4 to 5 months

2 to 3 months

In the repair of a simple fracture, the fibrocartilaginous callus stage lasts at least ______. -3 months -3 weeks -8 weeks -2 months

3 weeks

Which are classified as a ball-and-socket joint? Thumb joint Knee joint Glenohumeral joint Hip joint

Glenohumeral joint Hip joint

Name the joint in the figure. Gomphosis Syndesmosis Suture

Gomphosis

Which are examples of hinge joints? Knee joint Intertarsal joints Elbow joint Interphalangeal joints Intercarpal joints

Knee joint Elbow joint Interphalangeal joints

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone. -Osteoprogenitor cells -Osteoblasts -Osteoclasts -Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

Most costochondral joints between the ribs and the costal cartilage are classified as what type of joint? Synchondroses Sutures Symphyses

Synchondroses

Which joints have a broad ligament sheet called an interosseous membrane? Syndesmoses Synchondroses Sutures

Syndesmoses

Which type of joint would one find between the radius and the ulna? Suture Syndesmosis Gomphosis

Syndesmosis

What type of fluid in a joint cavity acts as a shock absorber? Blood Lymph Synovial fluid Peritoneal fluid

Synovial fluid

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______. -canaliculi -lacunae -concentric lamellae -circumferential lamellae

concentric lamellae

The region of cartilage between the diaphysis and an epiphysis of a long bone during endochondral ossification is called the ______. -articular cartilage -periosteal bone collar -epiphyseal line -epiphyseal plate

epiphyseal plate

The secondary ossification centers form in the ______ of long bones. -diaphysis -periosteum -epiphyses -central canal

epiphyses

In the figure, the letter A indicates __________ and the letter B indicates ______________

extension , flexion

The ______ layer of the synovial joint strengthens the joint to prevent the bones from being pulled apart. synovial fibrous articular

fibrous

Bone growth within a membrane is called ______. -primary ossification -intramembranous ossification -secondary ossification -endochondral ossification

intramembranous ossification

The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called:

intramembranous ossification

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones.

short

The glenohumeral joint is more commonly called the ______ joint. hip elbow shoulder wrist

shoulder

Fibrocartilage of a ______ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber. synchondrosis gomphosis synovial joint symphysis

symphysis

A(n) ______ is an immobile joint. synarthrosis diarthrosis amphiarthrosis

synarthrosis

An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a ______. symphysis syndesmosis synchondrosis

synchondrosis

The joint capsule has an inner layer called the ______. articular cartilage synovial membrane fibrous layer

synovial membrane

A joint. or articulation, can be between bones and ______. muscles skin nerves teeth

teeth

Which statements characterize central canals of osteons? -They are also called lacunae. -They contain nerves. -They contain blood vessels. -They are cylindrical channels. -They contain osteocytes.

-They contain nerves. -They contain blood vessels. -They are cylindrical channels.

Which statements characterize canaliculi? -They are lined with periosteum. -They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions. -They extend from lacuna to lacuna. -They contain blood vessels. -Nutrients pass through them.

-They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions. -They extend from lacuna to lacuna. -Nutrients pass through them.

Which statements characterize perforating canals of bone? -They contains blood vessels and nerves. -They run perpendicular to central canals. -They house osteocytes. -They connect multiple central canals. -They run parallel to central canals.

-They contains blood vessels and nerves. -They run perpendicular to central canals. -They connect multiple central canals.

Which are examples of flat bones? -Bones of the roof of the skull -Bones of the wrist -Shoulder blade bones -The breastbone (sternum) -Bones of the foot

-Bones of the roof of the skull -Shoulder blade bones -The breastbone (sternum)

Which of the following are examples of short bones? -Bones of the wrist -Most skull bones -Bones of the fingers -Vertebrae -Some bones of the foot

-Bones of the wrist -Some bones of the foot

Choose the bones produced through intramembranous ossification. -Flat bones of the skull -Mandible -Vertebrae -Maxilla -Upper and lower limb bones

-Flat bones of the skull -Mandible -Maxilla

Which statements characterize bone remodeling? -It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. -It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids. -It occurs at the same rate everywhere in the skeleton. -It stops between the ages of 25 and 35. -It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone.

-It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. -It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids. -It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone.

Which statements characterize the periosteum? -It is directly beneath articular cartilage. -It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. -It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. -It helps to heal bone fractures. -It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

-It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. -It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. -It helps to heal bone fractures. -It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Which statements characterize articular cartilage? -It covers a diaphysis. -It is composed of hyaline cartilage. -It functions to reduce friction in joints. -It covers an epiphysis. -It is composed of fibrocartilage.

-It is composed of hyaline cartilage. -It functions to reduce friction in joints. -It covers an epiphysis.

Which statements correctly describe compact bone? -It is solid and relatively dense. -It forms the external walls of a long bone. -In flat bones, it is called diploe. -It contains trabeculae. -It is porous.

-It is solid and relatively dense. -It forms the external walls of a long bone.

Which statements characterize cartilage? -It secretes hormones related to bone formation. -It provides a gliding surface at joints. -It is the site of blood cell formation. -It supports soft tissues -It provides a model for the formation of bones.

-It provides a gliding surface at joints. -It supports soft tissues -It provides a model for the formation of bones.

Which statements characterize the process of bone resorption? -Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix. -Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone. -Calcium and phosphate are added to bone matrix. -Red blood cells are lysed.

-Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix. -Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone.

Which statements characterize intramembranous ossification? -Osteoid formation is followed by calcification. -Cartilage calcifies to form a bone collar. -Some osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts. -Some osteoprogenitor cells become osteoclasts. -Ossification centers appear around the 8th week of development.

-Osteoid formation is followed by calcification. -Some osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts. -Ossification centers appear around the 8th week of development.

Which statements characterize endochondral ossification? -Some stem cells in the perichondrium become osteoblasts. -Bone replaces cartilage including the articular cartilage of a long bone. -The primary ossification centers form in the epiphyses of bone. -Cartilage calcifies during this process. -Hyaline cartilage models form.

-Some stem cells in the perichondrium become osteoblasts. -Cartilage calcifies during this process. -Hyaline cartilage models form.

Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts? -They secrete hydrochloric acid. -They secrete osteoid. -They reabsorb bone matrix. -They are phagocytic. -They have ruffled borders.

-They secrete hydrochloric acid. -They reabsorb bone matrix. -They are phagocytic. -They have ruffled borders.

Osteoprogenitor cells ______. -are stem cells -produce a cell that becomes an osteoclast -produce white blood cells -produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast -produce red blood cells

-are stem cells -produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast

Osteoprogenitor cells are located in ______. -yellow bone marrow -the periosteum -the endosteum -articular cartilage -red bone marrow

-the periosteum -the endosteum

In adults, red bone marrow is located in: -the diaphysis of the humerus -the ribs -the sternum -vertebrae -skull bones

-the ribs -the sternum -vertebrae -skull bones

What are the following steps of endochondral ossification? Number them in the correct order. -Hyaline cartilage model develops. -Primary ossification center appears. -Secondary ossification centers appear. -Epiphyseal plates become epiphseal lines -Periosteal bone collar forms.

1. Hyaline cartilage model develops. 2. Periosteal bone collar forms. 3. Primary ossification center appears. 4. Secondary ossification centers appear. 5. Epiphyseal plates become epiphseal lines

Order the events of intramembranous ossification: -Osteoid califies -Ossification centers form in mesenchyme -Woven bone and periosteum form -Plates of compact bone form with spongy bone in between.

1. Ossification centers form in mesenchyme 2. Osteoid califies 3. Woven bone and periosteum form 4. Plates of compact bone form with spongy bone in between.

What are the steps of bone fracture repair? Put the following in the correct order. -the bone is remodeled -a fibrocartilaginous callus forms -a bony callus form -a fracture hematoma forms

1. a fracture hematoma forms 2. a fibrocartilaginous callus forms 3. a bony callus form 4. the bone is remodeled

What are the steps to summarize appositional growth of cartilage?

1. stem cells in the perichondrium undergo mitosis 2. committed cells become chondroblasts 3. new matrix is produced at the periphery of the cartilage

Match the letters to their corresponding microscopic parts of bone indicated in the figure provided: -circumferential lamellae -perforating canal -periosteum -central canal

A. Perforating canal B. Central canal C. Periosteum D. Circumferential lamellae

___________ means to 'move toward' and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

Adduction

True or false: Tendons help stabilize joints because they form part of the synovial joint itself.

FALSE

True or false: Mature cartilage is well vascularized.

FALSE *Mature cartilage does not have a blood supply, which is one reason it is slow to heal when injured.

True or false: Tendons help stabilize joints because they form part of the synovial joint itself.

False

The repetitious compression and relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital for maintaining healthy ___________________ cartilage, which covers the ends of the articulating bones in a synovial joint.

articular

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______. -epiphyseal cartilage -long cartilage -articular cartilage -fibrocartilage

articular cartilage

In synovial joints, the bone surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the _______________ synovial membrane articular cartilage fibrous capsule

articular cartilage

The temporomandibular joint has an ______, a thick pad of fibrocartilage separating the articulating bones and dividing the joint cavity into two separate chambers. articular ligament articular disc articular capsule

articular disc

The most mobile type of synovial joint is the ______ joint. ball and socket hinge planar saddle

ball and socket

A saddle joint is a ______ joint. biaxial uniaxial multiaxial

biaxial

Chondrocytes sits in holes called ______. -fissures -lacunae -canaliculi -sinuses

lacunae

Bone resorption is a function of ______. -osteoclasts -osteocytes -osteoprogenitor cells -osteoblasts

osteoclasts

The bone cell labeled A in the image is an ______. -osteocyte -osteoprogenitor cell -osteoblast -osteoclast

osteocyte

Mature bone cells are called ______. -osteocytes -osteoprogenitor cells -osteoblasts -osteoclast

osteocytes

In fracture repair, the fracture hematoma becomes a ______, which in turn becomes a ______. -fibrocartilaginous callus, procallus -bony callus, procallus -procallus, fibrocartilaginous callus -bony callus, fibrocartilaginous callus

procallus, fibrocartilaginous callus

Bones serve as attachment sites for ______.

skeletal muscles

Digital ________________ sheaths are shown here in the figure and are indicated with the letter B.

tendon

The structures labeled A are

tendons

In the figure of endochondral ossification, letter B indicates ______. -the epiphyseal line -the periosteal bone collar -the epiphyseal plate -the primary ossification center

the epiphyseal plate

The ligament that supports the knee on the medial side is called the ______ ligament. lateral collateral tibial collateral medial collateral fibular collateral

tibial collateral medial collateral

The hinge joint shown involves bones A, the _____ and B, the _____. radius, humerus radius, ulna ulna, humerus ulna, radius

ulna, humerus

In appositional growth, cartilage grows ______. -when a chondrocyte divides in the middle of the cartilage -when stem cells at the perichondrium divide -when stem cells break down matrix at the periphery of cartilage -when matrix is secreted by chondrocytes in the middle of cartilage

when stem cells at the perichondrium divide

The medullary cavity of adult bone contains ____________ bone marrow.

yellow *yellow bone marrow