Unit 2 APES Exam Review

Migrations are caused by abiotic factors such as temperature and are impacted negatively by habitat fragmentation.

False. Migrations can also be caused by biotic factors, such as increased prey abundance (i.e. whales), or not enough, prey items.

Dissolved oxygen is an ecological tolerance factor for fish such as trout that is not impacted by phosphorus.

False. Nitrogen, and phosphorus, are limiting nutrients that create dead zones, home to nearly anoxic water.

Species evenness shows you how diverse an ecosystem is by showing you how many total species reside in that ecosystem.

False. Species evenness will show you numerically how many of each species exist in that ecosystem.

Corals have a smallest ecological tolerance for water pH levels, compared to temperature and turbidity.

False. Temperature is the most important ecological tolerance factor for coral growth and hardiness.

A new gene adaptation can occur after a major environmental change, which would then allow that species to survive & thrive.

False. The adaptation would need to occur prior to the environmental change, otherwise the animal would have died.

Keystone species do not impact species richness.

False. The ecosystem & its biodiversity is enhanced by the presence of the keystone species.

Gene pool diversity and species diversity share a negative correlation.

False. The two share a positive correlation.

There are two types of diversity, and they are genetic diversity and species diversity.

False. There are 3 types, including habitat diversity.

Indicator species are species naturally found within an ecosystem that show how it successively changes over time.

False. These are species that change due to environmental factors, and indicate the health of the ecosystem.

Natural selection, gene pool diversity, population bottlenecks, and fitness do not always lead to adaptations.

False. They always lead to adaptations.

Allele frequency changes do not occur due to genetic adaptations.

False. They do occur due to genetic adaptations.

Brown bats do not provide ecosystem services.

False. They do, as bats eat beetles, and insects can impact crop production, and they can impact humans.

Indicators species are biological indicators since they can occupy a wide range of niche types.

False. They occupy a narrow, or specialized, niche which is why they are an indicator for that species.

Intraspecific competition is greatly increased among generalist species.

False. This is actually decreased, since there are so many prey options available.

The larger and further an island is from the mainland the greater the species richness will be.

False. While larger islands will have an increased species richness, farther islands have a decreased species richness.

A decrease in habitat diversity causes a decrease in specialist species first, then generalist species second.

True

Adaptations can be behavioral or tired to the genetic makeup of the organism.

True

An ecosystem is more apt to recover from a disruption as the biodiversity of that ecosystem increases.

True

An estuary ecosystem contains 256 species, and this number represents that ecosystem's species richness.

True

Ecosystem services can be cultural, or example by providing a sense of place, ecotourism, and recreation and mental health.

True

Environmental stress, extinction, major disturbances, geographic isolation, and invasive species can impact biodiversity.

True

Habitat corridors are used to reduce habitat fragmentation, however they can be impractical for widespread use as they are expensive to build.

True

Habitat diversity and biodiversity share a positive linear relationship.

True

Habitat fragmentation increases ecotones, as well as edge habitat.

True

If a pond has a lot of amphibians, you know that the pond water is not contaminated with estrogen.

True

Pesticide resistance is an example of an adaptation.

True

Pioneer species often occupy generalized ecological niches, which is why they are able to be the pioneer of the ecosystem.

True

Sea ice is a leading cause of migration in the polar bear, since seal populations are reduced.

True

Secondary succession can be anthropogenic, or natural.

True

Succession impacts ecosystem productivity.

True

The pioneer species is more related to primary succession than secondary succession.

True

The presence of milkweed indicates ground-level ozone exists at acceptable levels.

True

When determining the impact and invasive species has on an ecosystem, you'd want to examine species evenness.

True