Unit 2 Apes Review
examples of regulating services
air quality, climate, carbon sequestration and storage, moderation of extreme events, waste-water treatment, erosion prevention, soil fertility, pollution, biological control, water flow
regulating services
The benefit provided by ecosystem processes that moderate natural phenomena
island biography theory
A theory that demonstrates the dual importance of habitat size and distance in determining species richness
Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance did sweetgum experience the greatest biomass? A 50 B 100 C 150 D 200
a
examples of supporting services
habitats for species, maintenance of genetic diversity
provisioning services
Any type of benefit to people that can be extracted from nature.
What individuals will be missing in an island ecosystem and why?
Apex predators/large predators. Islands decrease core habitat, which selects against the apex predators, who prefer and thrive in large tracks of land.
Which of the following best describes ecosystem 3? A Its low species diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has species with very low population sizes. B Its high genetic diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has species that evolve quickly. C Its high genetic diversity indicates that Ecosystem C is most likely the result of the founder effect and a subpopulation originating from Ecosystem A. D Its low habitat diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has a low number of specialist species and few species that utilize large territories.
D
examples of provisioning services
Food, drinking water, timber, oil, wood fuels, plants (that can then be made into clothes and other materials), medicinal benefits
The process of succession in lakes A results in a terrestrial ecosystem B occurs rarely because disturbances are rare C progresses fastest in very deep lakes D has no climax species
a
Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming? A The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification B Loss of revenue from the oil industry, because of increased oil spills from offshore oil wells C Widespread crop failure, because of increased acid precipitation in agricultural areas D Increased cost for water filtration, because of loss of coastal wetlands
a
cultural service
a non-material benefit that contributes to the development and cultural advancements of people
Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance had the greatest species richness? A 25 B 100 C 175 D 250
b
Which of the following best describes the pattern in the atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration data over the past 200,000200,000 years? A The concentration of CO2CO2 fluctuated between 150ppm150ppm and 250ppm250ppm. B The concentration of CO2CO2 fluctuated between 150ppm150ppm and 250ppm250ppm until recently, when the concentration rose exponentially. C The concentration of CO2CO2 remained constant at first from 200,000200,000 years ago until 50,00050,000 years ago, and then began a steady decline. D The concentration of CO2CO2 rose exponentially to 400ppm400ppm and leveled off at carrying capacity.
b
Based on the graph above, which of the following tree species would be the predominant species found during the intermediate stage of succession? A Red maple B Sweetgum C Tulip poplar D White oak
c
Which of the following best describes the change in Antarctic temperature from about 440,000440,000 years ago to about 340,000340,000 years ago? A The temperature increases by about 10°C10°C. B The temperature decreases by about 8°C8°C. C The temperature increases by about 12°C12°C and then decreases by about 12°C12°C. D The temperature decreases by about 10°C10°C and then increases by about 12°C12°C.
c
Which of the following best describes the trends in atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature over the past 800,000800,000 years? A Atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration has remained about the same, and Antarctic temperature has varied widely over the past 800,000800,000 years. B Both atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature have remained about the same over the past 800,000800,000 years. C Atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are directly correlated over the past 800,000800,000 years. D Atmospheric CO2CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are inversely correlated over the past 800,000800,000 years.
c
supporting services
processes that allow the earth to sustain basic life forms (allows all the other services to exist)
examples of cultural services
recreation, mental and physical heath, aesthetic appreciation, inspiration for culture art and design, spiritual experience, sense of place
